5. Among 79 participating countries
and economies, the Philippines
scored the lowest in reading
comprehension in the 2018
Programme for International
Student Assessment (PISA)
9. E X P O S I T O R Y
T E X T
Expository text is a type of
informational text that provides
factual information
about a topic using a clear,
non-narrative organizational
structure with a major topic
and supporting information.
13. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
1. Description
The author describes a topic, person, place, or thing by listing a collection
of its features or examples — gives additional information about what a person,
place or thing is like.
14. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
15. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
16. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
There are more than
800 species
17. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
There are more than 800
species
they have different sizes,
shapes, and lifestyles
18. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
There are more than 800
species
They live all over
the world
they have different sizes,
shapes, and lifestyles
19. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
There are more than 800
species
They live all over the
world
Bats have the unique
quality of echolocation
they have different sizes,
shapes, and lifestyles
20. There are more than 800 species of bats in the world. They are of
many different sizes, shapes, and lifestyles. They live all over the
world and have drawn the curiosity of millions. Bats also have the
unique quality of echolocation that it uses to catch insects. Though
other mammals, like the flying squirrel seem to fly but actually glide
the bat is the only mammal that can truly fly
Bats
There are more than 800
species
They live all over the
world
Bats have the unique
quality of echolocation
They can fly
they have different sizes,
shapes, and lifestyles
21.
22. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
1. Sequence
The author uses numerical or chronological order to list items or events, or
explains the steps one must follow to do/make something— typically the easiest
structure for students to comprehend
23. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
2. Sequence
The author uses numerical or chronological order to list items or events, or
explains the steps one must follow to do/make something— typically the easiest
structure for students to comprehend
24. A staple of almost every American breakfast, scrambled eggs are enjoyed by
many every day. But, I’m sure everyone has experienced a bad batch of
scrambled eggs. To avoid this truly unfortunate happenstance, follow these
steps. First, fill a small saucepan three-quarters full with water and bring to a
boil. Next , using a spoon, gently slide in the egg and set your timer. Keep an
eye on the water while the egg cooks, and try to maintain a soft boil. When
the timer goes off, remove the egg to an ice water bath for one minute to
stop the cooking. Lastly, crack, peel, and enjoy.
fill a small
saucepan three-
quarters full with
water and bring
to a boil
using a spoon,
gently slide in the
egg and set your
timer.
Keep an eye on the
water while the egg
cooks, and try to
maintain a soft boil.
When the timer goes
off, remove the egg to
an ice water bath for
one minute to stop the
cooking.
rack, peel, and enjo
25. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
3. Compare-Contrast
The author shows how two
or more events, topics or
objects are the same
and how they are different
differences differences
similarities
26. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
3. Problem-Solution
The author describes a problem and then gives one or more valid solutions
28. Relationships illustrated in tables, graphs, and
information maps found in expository texts
5. Cause-Effect
The author describes the relationship between one or more causes (event) the
ensuing effects (what happened because of the event) - explanation of how one eve
leads to another