This document discusses labour in construction projects. It defines labour and identifies different classes of labour including supervisors, construction workers, operators, and administrative personnel. It also distinguishes between direct and indirect workers. The document outlines methods of remunerating labour including time-based and piece-rate wages. It describes labour scheduling, including forecasting direct workers based on construction schedules and indirect workers based on management needs. The importance of optimally using labour to control costs and ensure efficiency is also highlighted.

1. LABOUR,LABOUR,
CLASSES OF LABOUR,CLASSES OF LABOUR,
COST OF LABOUR,COST OF LABOUR,
LABOUR SCHEDULE,LABOUR SCHEDULE,
OPTI MUMUSE LABOUROPTI MUMUSE LABOUR.
Presented by
Ashok Kumar D
Mouleeshwaran K

2. LABOUR
Definition
 Manual work or physical work
done by people, most especially
in cont rast t o t hat done by
machines, and also t o t hat done
by wor king animals.

3. Classes of labour
 The workers at the project site are inducted to
perform a specified function and its connected
tasks.
 The workers include such as
 Supervisors.
 Construction workers.
 Operators.
 Drivers.
 Administrative personnel.

4. Cont…
 Supervisors = Monitoring peoples
 Construction workers = Masons, Mazdoors
 Operators = Equipment operators
 Administrative personnel = Office person like
planners,
designers,
managers, engineers,
M.D, etc

5. Cont…

6. DIRECTWORKER

7. Cont…

8. INDIRECTWORKERS

9. COSTOFLABOUR
 The fund spend for workers (labour) is called
cost of labour
 Cost of labour can be classified into:
Direct labour cost
 Indirect labour cost

10. DIRECTLABOURCOST
 The portion of wages and salaries which can
be identified and charged to a single cost unit
INDIRECTLABOURCOST
 Cannot be directly related with the production
of specific goods or service
 Foreman, storekeeper, clerical staff etc. are
examples of indirect labour cost

11. METHODOFREMUNERATION
 Remuneration on time basis
 Remuneration on piece work

12. REMUNERATION ON TIME
BASIS
 The wages is measured on the basis of unit of
time i.e. hourly, daily, weekly or monthly
 The formula is as follows:
Earnings = Hours worked * rate perhourEarnings = Hours worked * rate perhour

13. REMUNERATION ON PIECE
WORK
 Under this system, wage are paid on the basis
of production
 The formula is as follows:
Earnings = numberof unit produced * rate perEarnings = numberof unit produced * rate per
unitunit

14. PREMIUMBONUSPLAN
 It is pay to the workers a basic time rate plus a
portion of the wages equivalent of the time
saved as related to the agreed/allowed time
for the work

15. LABOURSCHEDULE
 Labour schedule is sub divided in to two major
classification
 Scheduling of direct workers
 Scheduling of indirect workers

16. SCHEDULINGOFDIRECT
WORKERS
 The project direct manpower constitutes a
major portion of the labor strength.
 It comprises production workers who can be
identified with the execution of activities of
permanent works.
 The past performance data is invaluable for
computation of manpower forecasts.

17. WORKERSEMPLOYMENTPATTERN
ON BUILDINGPROJECTS
MON SHUTTERI
NG
CARPENTE
R
MASON
CONCRE
TE
MASON STEEL
FIXER
PLUMB
ER
ELECTRICI
AN
TOTAL % CUM
%
1 24 2 0 30 4 2 62 .5 .5
2 48 30 0 19 6 5 108 1.1 1.6
3 47 13 0 27 6 7 100 1.7 3.3
4 48 21 0 32 6 8 115 2.06 5.4
5 63 26 8 32 6 8 143 2.65 8.0
7
- - - - - - - - - -
TO
T
2270 244 887 793 236 256 12063 100 -

18. Cont…
 The bar chart of construction work schedule
with its data of commencement and
completion of each activity of work item forms
the basis for developing direct workers
schedule.
 Man power required for each schedule can be
assessed as=quantity of work* labor
productivity standard in man-days +duration in
days.

19. Cont…
 The ratio of skilled and unskilled workers in a
construction team depends upon their
characteristics and nature of work.
 Daily manpower required for scheduled
work=sum of manpower of construction of
scheduled activity on date.

20. FORCASTINGINDIRECT
MANPOWER
 The indirect manpower requirement is related to
the management function.
 In construction projects, these functions can
broadly be grouped as
 Project office management.
 Design and drawing management.
 Estimating and contracts management.
 Planning and monitoring management.
 Project administration and personal
management.

21. Cont…
 Cost and finance management.
 Materials management.
 Plant and equipment management.
 Quality management.
 Construction supervision management.
 Support services management.

22. Cont…
 The extent of the indirect manpower needed to
perform the project functions depends upon
the type and size of the project.
 The period of the employment of the indirect
manpower varies with the project needs.
 The cost spent for these indirect manpower in
less compared to the direct manpower.

23. Cont…
 The indirect workers are some times come
under the category of direct worker when the
driver of equipment or machinery.
 A small projects may need indirect personnel
to supervise and manage.
 A large projects may need more number of
indirect workers for management,
administration , etc.

24. OPTIMUMUSEOFLABOUR
 This is very important for all industry. If the
optimum labour use not consider in the
organisation that leads to
 increase labour cost,
 reduce work efficiency
 Delay in completion of work

25. Thankyou…