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Reversing & Malware Analysis Training Part 10 - Exploit Development Basics

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This presentation is part of our Reverse Engineering & Malware Analysis Training program. For more details refer our Security Training page http://securityxploded.com/security-training.php

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Disclaimer The Content, Demonstration, Source Code and Programs presented here is "AS IS" without any warranty or conditions of any kind. Also the views/ideas/knowledge expressed here are solely of the trainer’s only and nothing to do with the company or the organization in which the trainer is currently working. However in no circumstances neither the trainer nor SecurityXploded is responsible for any damage or loss caused due to use or misuse of the information presented here. www.SecurityXploded.com
Acknowledgement  Special thanks to null & Garage4Hackers community for their extended support and cooperation.  Thanks to all the trainers who have devoted their precious time and countless hours to make it happen. www.SecurityXploded.com
Reversing & Malware Analysis Training This presentation is part of our Reverse Engineering & Malware Analysis Training program. Currently it is delivered only during our local meet for FREE of cost. For complete details of this course, visit our Security Training page. www.SecurityXploded.com
Who am I #1 Harsimran Walia • Research Scientist @ McAfee • Expertise: Malware Analysis, Exploit development and Vulnerability Analysis • Twitter: b44nz0r • Email: walia.harsimran@gmail.com www.SecurityXploded.com
Who am I #2 Amit Malik (sometimes DouBle_Zer0,DZZ)  Member SecurityXploded & Garage4Hackers  Security Researcher  RE, Exploit Analysis/Development, Malware Analysis  Email: m.amit30@gmail.com www.SecurityXploded.com
Contents  What is an Exploit?  Classification of exploits  Exploitation Techniques  Direct EIP overwrite  SEH overwrite www.SecurityXploded.com
Vulnerability  In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's information assurance.  Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw. - Source: Wikipedia www.SecurityXploded.com
Exploit  Piece of software/code that takes advantage of a vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behaviour to occur on computer software, hardware [Wiki]  This frequently includes  gaining control of a computer system or  privilege escalation or  a denial-of-service attack.
Exploit (contd)  Exploits can be in any form based on the software it exploits:  Software : exploit  Adobe reader : pdf file  Microsoft word : doc file  Microsoft excel : xls file  Internet Explorer : Attacker hosted website or html file  and so on..
Classification  Based on the vulnerability they exploit  Buffer Overflow, Memory Corruption, Use-After-Free  Local or Remote  Local Privilege Escalation, Remote code execution  Result of running the exploit  DoS, EoP etc www.SecurityXploded.com
Stack Buffer Overflow  Occurs when a program writes to memory addresses on the stack outside of the allocated buffer  For exploiting a stack based buffer overflow is to overwrite the function return address with a pointer to attacker-controlled data (usually on the stack itself)
Stack Buffer Overflow in Action C- A - Before data is copied. B - "hello" is the first A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​ command line A​x08​x35​xC0​x80" is the argument. first command line argument.
Direct EIP overwrite  Every Windows uses process memory that contains 3 major components :  code segment (executable instructions). The EIP keeps track of the next instruction  data segment (variables, dynamic buffers)  stack segment (used to pass data/arguments to functions, and is used as space for variables) ○The stack starts (= the bottom of the stack) from the very end of the virtual memory of a page and grows upwards (to a lower address). ○PUSH adds something to the top of the stack, ○POP will remove one item (4 bytes) from the stack and puts it in a register.
EIP Overwrite Demo  A vulnerability in  “Shadow Stream Recorder version 3.0.1.7  Buffer overflow when reading file (.asx) Step -1 : Create a PoC to generate a crash in the software to verify the vuln Step -2 : Find the offset to overwrite EIP Step -3: Find an address of the “jmp esp” instruction Step -4: Generate a shellcode and append it to the exploit code Step -5: Putting it all together
DEMO - EIP  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erl_Aee8 oDg www.SecurityXploded.com
SEH Overwrite  Exception?  An event which disrupts normal execution flow of code and requires execution outside normal flow  Software Exception –Generated by program (e.g Invalid file handle)  Hardware Exception – Access invalid memory, divide by zero etc  SEH (structured exception handler)  Patented by Borland and licensed to Microsoft  Software’s method of dispatching and handling exceptions  Can handle both software and hardware exceptions  For eg try{ } ; except { }; block  Whenever an exception happens control is passed on to the OS, which in turn locate and pass the control to the handler chain
SEH Overwrite in Action Pointer to next SEH Thread Fs[0] – 8 bytes Process Information Exception Pointer to excep. Block Registration handlers Exception Registration Record FFFFFFFF OS Handler Default ERR
SEH Overwrite Demo  A vulnerability in  “MM Player 2.2  Buffer overflow when reading file (.ppl) Step -1 : Create a PoC to generate a crash in the software to verify the vuln Step -2 : Find the offset to overwrite nSEH + SEHandler Step -3: Find an address of the command sequence “pop pop ret ” Step -4: Generate a shellcode and append it to the exploit code Step -5: Putting it all together
SEH Overwrite Demo  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njQ47H7 jO4s&feature=youtu.be www.SecurityXploded.com
Reference  Complete Reference Guide for Reversing & Malware Analysis Training www.SecurityXploded.com
Thank You ! www.SecurityXploded.com

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Reversing & Malware Analysis Training Part 10 - Exploit Development Basics

  • 2. Disclaimer The Content, Demonstration, Source Code and Programs presented here is "AS IS" without any warranty or conditions of any kind. Also the views/ideas/knowledge expressed here are solely of the trainer’s only and nothing to do with the company or the organization in which the trainer is currently working. However in no circumstances neither the trainer nor SecurityXploded is responsible for any damage or loss caused due to use or misuse of the information presented here. www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 3. Acknowledgement  Special thanks to null & Garage4Hackers community for their extended support and cooperation.  Thanks to all the trainers who have devoted their precious time and countless hours to make it happen. www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 4. Reversing & Malware Analysis Training This presentation is part of our Reverse Engineering & Malware Analysis Training program. Currently it is delivered only during our local meet for FREE of cost. For complete details of this course, visit our Security Training page. www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 5. Who am I #1 Harsimran Walia • Research Scientist @ McAfee • Expertise: Malware Analysis, Exploit development and Vulnerability Analysis • Twitter: b44nz0r • Email: walia.harsimran@gmail.com www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 6. Who am I #2 Amit Malik (sometimes DouBle_Zer0,DZZ)  Member SecurityXploded & Garage4Hackers  Security Researcher  RE, Exploit Analysis/Development, Malware Analysis  Email: m.amit30@gmail.com www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 7. Contents  What is an Exploit?  Classification of exploits  Exploitation Techniques  Direct EIP overwrite  SEH overwrite www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 8. Vulnerability  In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which allows an attacker to reduce a system's information assurance.  Vulnerability is the intersection of three elements: a system susceptibility or flaw, attacker access to the flaw, and attacker capability to exploit the flaw. - Source: Wikipedia www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 9. Exploit  Piece of software/code that takes advantage of a vulnerability in order to cause unintended or unanticipated behaviour to occur on computer software, hardware [Wiki]  This frequently includes  gaining control of a computer system or  privilege escalation or  a denial-of-service attack.
  • 10. Exploit (contd)  Exploits can be in any form based on the software it exploits:  Software : exploit  Adobe reader : pdf file  Microsoft word : doc file  Microsoft excel : xls file  Internet Explorer : Attacker hosted website or html file  and so on..
  • 11. Classification  Based on the vulnerability they exploit  Buffer Overflow, Memory Corruption, Use-After-Free  Local or Remote  Local Privilege Escalation, Remote code execution  Result of running the exploit  DoS, EoP etc www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 12. Stack Buffer Overflow  Occurs when a program writes to memory addresses on the stack outside of the allocated buffer  For exploiting a stack based buffer overflow is to overwrite the function return address with a pointer to attacker-controlled data (usually on the stack itself)
  • 13. Stack Buffer Overflow in Action C- A - Before data is copied. B - "hello" is the first A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​A​ command line A​x08​x35​xC0​x80" is the argument. first command line argument.
  • 14. Direct EIP overwrite  Every Windows uses process memory that contains 3 major components :  code segment (executable instructions). The EIP keeps track of the next instruction  data segment (variables, dynamic buffers)  stack segment (used to pass data/arguments to functions, and is used as space for variables) ○The stack starts (= the bottom of the stack) from the very end of the virtual memory of a page and grows upwards (to a lower address). ○PUSH adds something to the top of the stack, ○POP will remove one item (4 bytes) from the stack and puts it in a register.
  • 15. EIP Overwrite Demo  A vulnerability in  “Shadow Stream Recorder version 3.0.1.7  Buffer overflow when reading file (.asx) Step -1 : Create a PoC to generate a crash in the software to verify the vuln Step -2 : Find the offset to overwrite EIP Step -3: Find an address of the “jmp esp” instruction Step -4: Generate a shellcode and append it to the exploit code Step -5: Putting it all together
  • 16. DEMO - EIP  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erl_Aee8 oDg www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 17. SEH Overwrite  Exception?  An event which disrupts normal execution flow of code and requires execution outside normal flow  Software Exception –Generated by program (e.g Invalid file handle)  Hardware Exception – Access invalid memory, divide by zero etc  SEH (structured exception handler)  Patented by Borland and licensed to Microsoft  Software’s method of dispatching and handling exceptions  Can handle both software and hardware exceptions  For eg try{ } ; except { }; block  Whenever an exception happens control is passed on to the OS, which in turn locate and pass the control to the handler chain
  • 18. SEH Overwrite in Action Pointer to next SEH Thread Fs[0] – 8 bytes Process Information Exception Pointer to excep. Block Registration handlers Exception Registration Record FFFFFFFF OS Handler Default ERR
  • 19. SEH Overwrite Demo  A vulnerability in  “MM Player 2.2  Buffer overflow when reading file (.ppl) Step -1 : Create a PoC to generate a crash in the software to verify the vuln Step -2 : Find the offset to overwrite nSEH + SEHandler Step -3: Find an address of the command sequence “pop pop ret ” Step -4: Generate a shellcode and append it to the exploit code Step -5: Putting it all together
  • 20. SEH Overwrite Demo  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njQ47H7 jO4s&feature=youtu.be www.SecurityXploded.com
  • 21. Reference  Complete Reference Guide for Reversing & Malware Analysis Training www.SecurityXploded.com