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29.04.2013
1
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Neurophysiologische
Charakterisierung der neurogenen
Darmfunktionsstörung (bei SCI)
19.04.2013
Andreas Hug
Klinik für Paraplegiologie Heidelberg
Orthopädie Heidelberg
„Aber niemand im Himmel, auf der Erde und unter der Erde konnte das Buch öffnen und es lesen“
Quelle: NT, Offb 5,3
29.04.2013
2
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Pubmed cites
– ‚spinal cord injury‘
n=48694
– ‚spinal cord injury‘ AND ‚neurogenic bowel‘
n=153 (0,31%)
– ‚spinal cord injury‘ AND ‚neurogenic bowel‘
AND ‚neurophysiology“
n=0
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Pubmed cites
29.04.2013
3
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Einleitung/Klinische Relevanz
• Klinisch
neurologische/neurophysiologische
Aspekte
• Vorhandene Tools (EMG, ENG)
• Zusammenfassung
Gliederung
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Klinische Relevanz
Einleitung
Anderson et al. 2004, J Neurotrauma
29.04.2013
4
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Neurogene Darmlähmung (NBD bei SCI)
Objektivierbare (messbare Parameter)?
Verlängerte Colon-Transitzeit
• sowohl akut als auch chronisch
• Sowohl bei suprasakraler/sakraler Schädigung
klinisch neurologisch/neurophysiologisch
• NBD UMN-type (Typ oberes Motoneuron)
• NBD LMN-type (Typ unteres Motoneuron)
Einleitung
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Transitzeit
Einleitung
29.04.2013
5
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Transitzeit
Einleitung
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Transitzeit
Einleitung
29.04.2013
6
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Transitzeit
Einleitung
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Transitzeit
Einleitung
29.04.2013
7
Orthopädie Heidelberg
NBD bei SCI
• zentral (UMN-type)
– Akut (spinaler Schock)
– Chronisch
• peripher (LMN-type)
– Akut/chronisch
Klinisch neurologisch/neurophysiologisch
Literatur: Übersicht bei Krassioukov et al. 2010 Spinal Cord
Orthopädie Heidelberg
UMN vs LMN warum wichtig?
Reflexdarmeinstellung
Klinisch neurologisch/neurophysiologisch
LMN (nicht möglich)UMN (möglich)
29.04.2013
8
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Vegetative Innervation
Orthopädie Heidelberg
UMN LMN
29.04.2013
9
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Exkurs anticholinerge Therapie
UMN LMN
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Exkurs anticholinerge Therapie
UMN LMN
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Glu-GluR
Ach-M Ach-M
29.04.2013
10
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Exkurs anticholinerge Therapie
UMN LMN
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Glu-GluR
Ach-M Ach-M
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Exkurs anticholinerge Therapie
UMN LMN
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Ach-N
NA-β/α
Ach-N
Ach-M
Ach-N
Glu-GluR
Ach-M Ach-M
29.04.2013
11
Orthopädie Heidelberg
UMN LMN
Direkt messbar
Analsphinkter-EMG
Orthopädie Heidelberg
– EMG
Extremitätenmuskulatur (z. B.
gastrocnemius, S1)
– ENG
N. tibialis (Ableitung über
Fußmuskulatur (S2)
indirekt messbar
Surrogatparameter?
29.04.2013
12
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Nadelelektroden
intramuskulär
• Spontanaktivität
• Willkürpotentiale
• Willkürpotentiale bei
maximaler Kraft
Elektromyographie
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Kurven
Elektromyographie
29.04.2013
13
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Elektrischer Reiz über Nerv
Ableitung über Muskel
(i.d.R
Oberflächenelektroden)
• Latenz (NLG)
• Amplitude
Elektroneurographie
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Kurven
Elektroneurographie
29.04.2013
14
Orthopädie Heidelberg
LMN
EMG/ENG/Klinik
UMN
Surrogatparameter für NBD bei SCI
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Zusammenschau von
– Klinischem Befund
– Verständnis der funktionellen Neuroanatomie
– Elektrophysiologischer Zusatzdiagnostik
• Direkt (externer Analsphinkter)
• Indirekt (Surrogatparameter)
• Ermöglicht Klassifizierung der NBD bei SCI in
– UMN-Typ
– LMN-Typ
Zusammenfassung 1
29.04.2013
15
Orthopädie Heidelberg
• Wir Wissen zu wenig über neurogene
Darmlähmung bei SCI
– Diagnostik
– Therapie
• Objektivierbare Meßmethoden dürftig
– Diagnostik
– Therapie
Zusammenfassung 2
Orthopädie Heidelberg
„Für die Durchführung der Klistieranwendungen gab es sogar spezielle Ärzte“ (Quelle unbekannt)
Ausblick
29.04.2013
16
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Vielen Dank
Orthopädie Heidelberg
Vielen Dank

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Neurophysiologische Charakterisierung der neurogenen Darmfunktionsstörung (bei SCI), Andreas Hug