1. ANCIENT AFRICA
N- Sahara desert : difficult to cross- stops movement N- Egypt & Nubia/Kush trade partners, then rivals
Nile River (NE), Niger River,(W) Congo River (W): trade, water, N- Assyrians invade; then Axums invade
farming, food N-Axum: advanced weapons; controlled trade on Red Sea
S- Kalahari desert Trading: cargo ships sailing the Nile- Rome, India, Persia, Egypt
rainforest in Congo S- Bantu- farmers until resources used up; moved
Grasslands- Serengeti W- on Niger River: Ghana/Mali taxed the caravans crossing the Sahara
S- Bantu migrate: use up resources, then move W- salt and gold, ivory
W- Nok farming/family W- Mali: ISLAM Mansa Musa went on his hajj & showed off Mali’s
wealth
W- Mali: ISLAM – Songhai - Sunni Ali ruler
W- Mali Askia the Great Morocco died of malaria
N- Egypt/Kush ruler: pharoah N- Egypt: rulers were gods
S- rulers: chiefs, council elders N- 330 CE Christianity to Axum (Ethiopia)
S- extended families = clans; matrilineal (husband joined wife’s N- 600 CE Islamic raiders
clan) S- polytheism, animism, pray to ancestors; spirit dances & masks
W-Ghana ruler- king (ghana) S- family &farming: kinship (matrilineal or patrilineal)
W- Mali- king (Mansa Musa,)- ISLAMIC S- oral traditions: griot (storyteller)
W- Sonhai- (Suni Ali, Askia the Great) -ISLAMIC S- diviner: someone who communes with spirits
W- ISLAM (Mansa Musa- hajj)
W- ISLAM: 5 pillars; mosque