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Pathophysiology of mechanical ventilation cairo program dec 2011
1. Pathophysiology of
Mechanical Ventilation
PJ Papadakos MD FCCM FCCP
Director CCM
Professor Anesthesiology, Surgery and Neurosurgery
University of Rochester School of Medicine
Rochester NY
Professor Respiratory Care
State University Of New York Genesee Community
College
Batavia NY
15. Lung Skeleton
Force-bearing structure
Elastin and collagen that are embedded in
a the extracellular matrix
Two fiber systems connected at alveolar
levels one originating from the hilum and
the other from the visceral pleura in the
periphery
Papadakos, Karcz and Lachman Mechanical Ventilation in Trauma, Curr Opin in
Anesthesiol 23 2010
46. Lipids
Levels of total phospholipids decrease
over time with cyclic opening and closing
especially phosphatidylcholine and
phosphatidylglycerol, which are essential
for lowering surface tension at the
alveolar capillary membrane.
Tsangaris l. et al Eur Respir J 2003, 21:495-501
47. The cycle opening and
closing of Alveolar
Units
Deplete Surfactant and lead to
further collapse through clumping.
75. Nosocomial Pneumonia
Head of Bed Up
Suctioning Mouth and Subglotic
Mouth Care
Oral intubation and Special ET tubes
Hand washing and gowns
Low gastric volumes
Humidification
76. Presence of
atelectasis
Leads to impairment of host
defense
promotes nosocomial pneumonia
97. Dept. of Anesthesiology
PEEP levels used in patients on mechanical
ventilation: international data
50
40
Patients (%)
30
20
10
0
0 1 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 >15
PEEP (cm H2O)
Esteban et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000:161:1450-8
99. Hamdan A. A , Papadakos PJ Saunders Manual of Critical Care 2002
100. Small Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Decrease Results in Dramatic Pa02 Changes
In a Experimental Model of ARDS
Schwaiberger, Lachmann,
Papadakos and Leonhardt
ATS 2011