Einstein, E=mc2, relativity, gravity, spacetime lesson PowerPoint

1. • Sir Isaac Newton could describe gravity but couldn’t explain it. – For 200 years, science didn’t have an explanation for gravity until a clerk in a patent office in Switzerland named Albert Einstein… – Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

4. -Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Ice Melting Water Boiling Vapor GasT E M P Heat Added 

5. • RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

7. • Be prepared to have more questions than answers for the next 100 slides.

10. • What is time?

11. • Time: An indefinite period, a continuum of experience in which events pass from the future through the present to the past.

12. • How do you view time?

14. “Only twenty minutes left of science class”

20. • Space time continuum: The multidimensional places that things can happen, made up of space and time.

21. • Space time continuum: The multidimensional places that things can happen, made up of space and time.

24. • Is time travel possible?

25. • Is time travel possible? According to the Laws of Physics…

26. • Is time travel possible? According to the Laws of Physics…Yes

29. • Einstein and his two twins hypothesis – Two twins are born, one is put on a rocket ship and sent out into space at near the speed of the light. The other lives on earth. When the spaceship returns home, that twin is younger than his brother. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

32. • Einstein and his two twins hypothesis – Two twins are born, one is put on a rocket ship and sent out into space at near the speed of the light. The other lives on Earth. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

33. • Einstein and his two twins hypothesis – Two twins are born, one is put on a rocket ship and sent out into space at near the speed of the light. The other lives on Earth. When the spaceship returns home, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

34. • Einstein and his two twins hypothesis – Two twins are born, one is put on a rocket ship and sent out into space at near the speed of the light. The other lives on Earth. When the spaceship returns home, that twin is younger than his brother. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

35. • Einstein and his two twins hypothesis – Two twins are born, one is put on a rocket ship and sent out into space at near the speed of the light. The other lives on Earth. When the spaceship returns home, that twin is younger than his brother. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy On Earth On Rocket

36. • Very small changes in time can be observed on the ISS and navigational / GPS satellites, they are orbiting the earth at around 27,000 km/h.

39.  Special Relativity:  The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity.  The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving.  The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence.

40. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. How fast is the pitch if standing on the sidewalk as the truck goes by?

41. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. How fast is the pitch if standing on the sidewalk as the truck goes by? 140 mph

42. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. How fast is the pitch if you’re the batter on the moving truck?

43. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. How fast is the pitch if you’re the batter on the moving truck? 90 mph

44. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. What happens to the pitcher, batter, and catcher if the truck takes a fast turn?

45. • Special Relativity: – The laws of physics are equally valid in all frames of reference moving at a uniform velocity. – The speed of light from a uniformly moving source is always the same, regardless of how fast or slow the source or its observer is moving. – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. What happens to the pitcher, batter, and catcher if the truck takes a fast turn?

58. • Video Link! Ballistic Car Demonstration – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twUeBv7g1jI

61. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour.

62. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating.

63. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating. If we did…

64. • Remember, right now you are… – Traveling around the Sun at 66,000 miles per hour. – We are also traveling around the spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy at 483,000 miles per hour. – And the Milky Way Galaxy is traveling through space at 1.3 million miles per hour. – We don’t feel it because were not changing directions or accelerating. If we did…

67. • Special Relativity: – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence.

68. • Special Relativity: – The theory has as consequences the relativistic mass increase of rapidly moving objects, the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction, time dilatation, and the principle of mass-energy equivalence. Special Relativity: Thought Experiments learn more. http://aether.lbl.gov/www/classes/p139/exp/gedanken.html

76. • Einstein also challenged the current view of time. – He contradicted the belief that time was universal. He believed time changed, and flowed like a river. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Time changes with motion..

78. • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds.

79. • Special relativity describes how events look different to people in different places, or when at difference speeds. – Except for events involving the speed of light in a vacuum. Things moving at the speed of light always move at the speed of light compared to you, no matter how fast you're moving.

83. One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity

84. One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter what their relative speeds.

85. One of Theoretical Basis for Special Relativity The speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter what their relative speeds. You need to be in the environment you are observing (there are differences in behavior on Earth and in space).

86. • Video Link! General Relativity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30KfPtH ec4s “My apologies for the slightly inappropriate animations.”

87. • Relativity helps explain the theory of gravity.

88. • Relativity helps explain the theory of gravity. – It unifies special relativity, Newton’s view of gravity, mass-energy, and momentum.

90. • General relativity describes that space and time are actually different aspects of the same thing -space-time-.

91. • General relativity describes that space and time are actually different aspects of the same thing -space-time-. – Gravity is the bend in space-time.

92. • Gravity – The force which attracts objects

93. • Gravity is…Ripples and waves in the fabric of space and time.

94. • Gravity is…Ripples and waves in the fabric of space and time.

95. • Activity: Space Time, Gravity, a bed sheet, shot put and marbles.

96. • Activity! Spacetime – Everyone hold the sheet so it stretches tight. – Place the weight / shot put into the middle (Sun). – Toss marbles (planets) around the sun and observe their behavior.

97. • The heavier the mass, the more the fabric of space and time is bent.

98. • The heavier the mass, the more the fabric of space and time is bent. – Creating more gravity.

99. • 'Matter tells spacetime how to curve.

100. • 'Matter tells spacetime how to curve. Spacetime tells matter how to move.'

101. • 'Matter tells spacetime how to curve. Spacetime tells matter how to move.' -John Wheeler

103. • Simulated Black Hole - Showing gravity

104. • Simulated Black Hole - Showing gravity, • A collapsed star would be way down there.

105. • Simulated Black Hole - Showing gravity, • A collapsed star would be way down there. Photoshop

106. • Video Link! General Relativity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPf_KGnQ UmM

107. • Video! From Newton to Einstein from The Elegant Universe (Review of Relativity) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O- p8yZYxNGc

121. • Activity! Audio Link to many scientists describing E=mc² – Listen to three scientists and be ready to report what you learned. – Keyword: E=MC2 will get you the address below. – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/einstein/experts.ht ml ²

122. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) E = Energy measured in Kilograms, M = Mass measured in Joules, and C = The speed of light in a gas. – B.) E = Energy measured in Joules, M = Mass measured in Kilograms, and C = The speed of light in a vacuum (Meters / Sec.) – C.) E = Sun Energy, M = Motion of Particles, C = Constant of Space and Time. – D.) E = Einstein, M = Mechanical Constant J x K = P, C = 690,000 mph. – E.) None of the above.

123. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) E = Energy measured in Kilograms, M = Mass measured in Joules, and C = The speed of light in a gas. – B.) E = Energy measured in Joules, M = Mass measured in Kilograms, and C = The speed of light in a vacuum (Meters / Sec.) – C.) E = Sun Energy, M = Motion of Particles, C = Constant of Space and Time. – D.) E = Einstein, M = Mechanical Constant J x K = P, C = 690,000 mph. – E.) None of the above.

125. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is a term that has been around since the beginning of recorded history. – B.) Energy cannot be transferred between systems and surroundings. It can be created and destroyed. – C.) Energy comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for energy is the Joule. – D.) Energy was first described by Einstein at the Vienna conference in 1948. – E.) All of the above.

126. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is a term that has been around since the beginning of recorded history. – B.) Energy cannot be transferred between systems and surroundings. It can be created and destroyed. – C.) Energy comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for energy is the Joule. – D.) Energy was first described by Einstein at the Vienna conference in 1948. – E.) All of the above.

128. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Mass is the same thing as weight. How heavy you are is exactly how much mass you have. – B.) Like energy, mass can easily be created or destroyed. – C.) Mass comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for mass is the newton. – D.) Mass is a measure of a bodies inertia / resistance to acceleration. It is the total amount of matter in an object. – E.) A and D.

129. • Questions • E=mc2 – A.) Mass is the same thing as weight. How heavy you are is exactly how much mass you have. – B.) Like energy, mass can easily be created or destroyed. – C.) Mass comes in many forms, it can be transferred from one system to another. The basic unit of measurement for mass is the newton. – D.) Mass is a measure of a bodies inertia / resistance to acceleration. It is the total amount of matter in an object. – E.) A and D.

131. • Questions from reading or in general. • E=mc2 – A.) The speed of light in a vacuum such as space is close to 186,300 miles per second or 300,000 km per second. – About seven times around the earth every second. – B.) The speed of light cannot be determined with any real accuracy. – C.) The speed of light is approximately 93,0000 miles per second. It takes light from the sun only one second to reach Earth. – D.) Einstein was the first scientist to propose the correct speed of light – E.) A and B.

132. • Questions from reading or in general. • E=mc2 – A.) The speed of light in a vacuum such as space is close to 186,300 miles per second or 300,000 km per second. – About seven times around the earth every second. – B.) The speed of light cannot be determined with any real accuracy. – C.) The speed of light is approximately 93,0000 miles per second. It takes light from the sun only one second to reach Earth. – D.) Einstein was the first scientist to propose the correct speed of light – E.) A and B.

134. • Questions from reading or in general. • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is related to the speed of light. All objects in the universe get energy from the sun much like Superman. – B.) The equation describes that energy and mass are the same thing, and how much energy is contained in a given mass or vice versa. – C.) The equation describes that mass and weight are the same thing, and how much mass is contained in a given amount of energy is different. – D.) Energy and Mass are not the same thing! – E.) B and D.

135. • Questions from reading or in general. • E=mc2 – A.) Energy is related to the speed of light. All objects in the universe get energy from the sun much like Superman . – B.) The equation describes that energy and mass are the same thing, and how much energy is contained in a given mass or vice versa. – C.) The equation describes that mass and weight are the same thing, and how much mass is contained in a given amount of energy is different. – D.) Energy and Mass are not the same thing! – E.) B and D.

137. • "It followed from the Special Theory of Relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing - a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E is equal to mc², in which energy is put equal to mass, multiplied with the [by the] square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned before [E = mc²]. This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally."

160. E=mc2 LET’S DO IT AGAIN

162. "It followed from the Special Theory of Relativity that mass and energy are both but different manifestations of the same thing - a somewhat unfamiliar conception for the average mind. Furthermore, the equation E is equal to mc², in which energy is put equal to mass, multiplied with the [by the] square of the velocity of light, showed that very small amounts of mass may be converted into a very large amount of energy and vice versa. The mass and energy were in fact equivalent, according to the formula mentioned before [E = mc²]. This was demonstrated by Cockcroft and Walton in 1932, experimentally."

186. • One of Einstein's great insights was to realize that matter and energy are really different forms of the same thing. Matter can be turned into energy, and energy into matter. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

203. • Relativity and E=mc² also describes the changes that occur when you approach the speed of light. – Time slows down. – Space contracts. – Mass increases (You get heavier). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

205. • Relativity and E=mc² also describes the changes that occur when you approach the speed of light. – Is this flashlight getting lighter in mass as it emits light? – Answer! Yes! But our classroom scales couldn’t tell.

212. • Does anybody know what this famous clock is?

222. • Fukushima nuclear plant (2011) in Japan had a partial meltdown and released nuclear fallout after the 9.0 earthquake and tsunami hit the area.

231. • Although I showed the negative aspects of nuclear power, it is a reliable and somewhat clean form of energy.

232. • Although I showed the negative aspects of nuclear power, it is a reliable and somewhat clean form of energy. – Somewhat because you do need to dispose of nuclear waste and the potential for disaster.

234. • Albert Einstein is undoubtedly one of the most brilliant minds humanity has ever known. – The rumors that he failed math around your age are false, he was brilliant and worked very hard to become that way. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

235. “Thank goodness that part is over.” “My brain hurts.”

236. • Learning some thermodynamics before we start environmental issues.

262. • Activity! Pendulum Daredevil. – I will brave the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. – Lift weight on string attached to ceiling so it touches nose, and let go… – What will happen? Why? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

264. • Activity! Pendulum Daredevil. – Answer: The object will not hit the teacher on the way back because of the second law of thermodynamics. Energy was used to move air molecules to the side, heat was lost due to friction in the rope, sound, etc. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

268. • Activity! Please record the temperature in Celsius of the fluid in the three containers. – Draw picture and record temp next to drawing. In degrees Celsius. – Use two different thermometers. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

269. • Activity! Please create the following in your journal and then set it up at your lab area. – Record the temp of the warm and then the cold. Temp____ C Temp____ C Temp____ C

270. • Activity! Please create the following in your journal and then set it up at your lab area. – Record the temp of the warm and then the cold. – Make a prediction, mix, and then find Med. temp. Temp____ C Temp____ C Temp____ C

272. • The entire universe will eventually lose all usable energy.

276. The energy is not destroyed, it becomes very low quality energy that can’t be used by life or to keep stars burning.

302. • When it’s hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube.

303. • When it’s hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube.

304. • When it’s hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube. – The opposite happens when it is cold.

305. • When it’s hot, the liquid inside the thermometer will expand and rise in the tube. – The opposite happens when it is cold.

306. • Kelvin Scale: Zero Kelvin is absolute zero where molecular motion stops. That is the coldest something can be. (Never been reached.) – Water freezes at 273.16K; water boils at 373.16K. K = C + 273.16° Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

307. • Kelvin Scale: Zero Kelvin is absolute zero where molecular motion stops. That is the coldest something can be. (Never been reached.) – Water freezes at 273.16K; water boils at 373.16K. K = C + 273.16° Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

310. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light

311. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light Zero K Warm Again

312. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light Warm Again Again

313. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light Zero K Warm Again

314. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light Warm Again Again

315. • Activity (Optional) Red Light Green Light Zero K Warm Again • Students line up in a safe place. • Teacher creates finish line • When teachers spins and says Zero K you must freeze / stop. • When teacher says Warm Again and spins you may try and advance to the finish.

317. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT and NSTA) • http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p= 1 • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j ournal=tst Please visit at least one of the “learn more” educational links provided in this unit and complete this worksheet

318. • “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet – Visit some of the many provided links or.. – Articles can be found at (w/ membership to and NSTA) • http://www.sciencedaily.com/ • http://www.sciencemag.org/ • http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo urnal=tst

320. • http://sciencepowerpoint.comWebsite Link:

322. http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Areas of Focus within The Matter, Energy, and the Environment Unit. There is no such thing as a free lunch, Matter, Dark Matter, Elements and Compounds, States of Matter, Solids, Liquids, Gases, Plasma, Law Conservation of Matter, Physical Change, Chemical Change, Gas Laws, Charles Law, Avogadro’s Law, Ideal Gas Law, Pascal’s Law, Viscosity, Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Seven Forms of Energy, Nuclear Energy, Electromagnet Spectrum, Waves / Wavelengths, Light (Visible Light), Refraction, Diffraction, Lens, Convex / Concave, Radiation, Electricity, Lightning, Static Electricity, Magnetism, Coulomb’s Law, Conductors, Insulators, Semi-conductors, AC and DC current, Amps, Watts, Resistance, Magnetism, Faraday’s Law, Compass, Relativity, Einstein, and E=MC2, Energy, First Law of Thermodynamics, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of Thermodynamics, Industrial Processes, Environmental Studies, The 4 R’s, Sustainability, Human Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, Green Design, Renewable Forms of Energy.

332. • Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum – These units take me about four years to complete with my students in grades 5-10. Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html = Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult 5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

333. Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods. html Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

334. • The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

335. • http://sciencepowerpoint.comWebsite Link:

Einstein, E=mc2, relativity, gravity, spacetime lesson PowerPoint

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