The document discusses the role of mulching and solarization in weed management. Mulching involves spreading a material over the soil to suppress weeds and retain moisture. It can reduce sun damage, provide nutrients, and encourage microorganisms. Solarization uses plastic sheeting to trap heat from the sun and increase soil temperatures, killing weed seeds and soilborne pests. Together, mulching and solarization are effective non-chemical methods of controlling weeds through blocking sunlight from seeds and heating the soil to terminate seeds and pests.

1. Presentation Topic:
Role of Mulching and Solarization
in weed management

2.  Weeds are plants which are underliable in a
particular
 Situation and there removal is a source of
economic
 Social ,aesthetic and a medical relief for human
being.

3.  Mulch is a German word which derived from
molsch.
 It means beginning to decay.
 Mulch is a thin layer of any substance that is
spread over the soil.

4.  Mulching is a soil and water conserving and
weed management practice through soil
solarization in which any suitable material is
used to spread over the ground between rows
of crops or around tree trunks .

5.  Mulch reduces sun heat damage.
 It suppresses weed growth.
 Retain moisture.
 Reduce soil erosion.
 Provide soil nutrients
 Encourage beneficial soil microorganisms.
 Decrease water evaporation.

6.  Mulch blocks sunlight, it prevents some
seeds from germinating.
 Slugs, Earwigs, Cutworms, other pests love
dark, cool, moist places.

7. 1. Low light intensity
2. Most seeds do not germinate
3. Or kill at seedling stage
4. There is lack of photosynthetic activity.
5. Overheating

8.  Aluminum foil or Painted mulch
 Plastic mulch
 Degradable mulch
 Stone mulch

12. Advantages
 Increased yield of numerous crops mostly
vegetables.
 It repels the aphids and thrips.
 When vector insects repelled, transmission of
viruses is also reduced.

13. Disadvantages
 Not used on large scale.
 Hard to lay
 Very expensive
 Sometimes caused physical damage to plants
when come in contact with it.

15. Advantages
 Black plastic mulch increase the soil
temperature up to 4-5℉.
 Eliminate weeds problems .
 Red mulch increase tomato yields.

16. Disadvantages
 Some insects like aphids, thrips, and
whiteflies attracted to black plastic
 Influence of mulch color on crops is highly
specific .

18. Advantages
 It used before the plastics were developed.
 Can be turn into soil at the end of season.

19. Disadvantages
 Paper mulches may degrade too quickly.
 Tend to degrade early especially around
edges that are in the soil.
 Windy conditions hinder complicate
installation.
 Mixed results in terms of yields.

20. 1. Straw mulch
2. Bark mulch
3. Wood mulch
4. Compost mulch
5. Cocoa mulch
6. Leaf mulch

26.  It is also called solar soil heating.
 Soil solarization is the act of using the solar energy
of the sun used to kill weeds and soil borne
diseases.
 Soil solarization can be done by anchoring :
 A piece of plastic to the ground
That increased the soil temperature
And kill pests or weeds.

27.  It is effective against weeds which are
produced from seeds.
 Soil covered with thin transparent plastic
sheets of 20-25 mm.
 Polyethylene film used during hot summer
months for 2-4 weeks.
 This increases the temperature by 10-12 C*.
 Weeds seeds desiccated present at top 5cm.
 Example : Philaris minor, Avena and broad
leaves.