Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
3 plagiarism-final
1. 2 زکاتالعلمنشرها
1 http://baftanymamanazam.blogfa.com/
Plagiarism: How to reference and
conduct research ethics
1
2صادق امام به منسوبعلیهالسالم
Computer Science & Engineering Dept., Shahid Beheshti University
Presented by: Ghassem Jaberipur
Title proposed by Dr. Ghassemian
2. Sources for most of the material in this
presentation1
http://www.plagiarism.org
http://isites.harvard.edu
1These sources were kindly recommended by Professor Behrooz Parhami of UCSB
3. Outline
• Plagiarism: Definition and instances
• Harvard Guide to Using Sources
• Citations: Use and Importance
• Academic writing
• Audio and Video
• Types of Plagiarism
• Self Plagiarism
• Glossary
4. Plagiarism is an act of fraud
It involves both stealing someone else's work and lying about it afterward
In the dictionary1
• to steal and pass off, the
ideas or words of another,
as one's own
• to use, another's
production, without
crediting the source
• to present as new and
original an idea or product
derived from an existing
source
Instances of plagiarism
• turning in someone else's work as
your own
• copying words or ideas from
someone else without giving
credit
• failing to put a quotation in
quotation marks
• giving incorrect information
about the source of a quotation
• changing words but copying the
sentence structure of a source
without giving credit
1Merriam-Webster
5. Harvard Guide to Using Sources
A Publication of the Harvard College Writing Program
A HARWARD DEFINITION
In academic writing, it is
considered plagiarism to draw
any idea or any language from
someone else without
adequately crediting that
source in your paper. Taking
credit for anyone else's work is
stealing, and it is unacceptable
in all academic situations,
whether you do it intentionally
or by accident.
6. Citing sources
How to use a source effectively
you must integrate a source into your
argument in a way that makes it
clear to your reader that
what the source is doing in your
paper
not only which ideas come from
that source,
but also what the source is adding
to your own thinking
In other words, each source you
use in a paper should be there for a
reason
and your reader should not have to
guess what that reason is
IMPORTANCE OF CITATIONS
• First, citing sources allows
scholars to give credit to
other scholars for their hard
work and their ideas.
• Second, by citing sources,
scholars provide a roadmap
for readers who are
interested in learning more
about a topic and joining
the ongoing conversation
about that topic.
7. Academic writing
• Academic writing is essentially an ongoing
conversation among scholars
• You are expected to do your own thinking,
when assigned research and writing so that:
• you can figure out what you think rather than
reporting or parroting someone else's
thoughts
8. What about images, videos, voice,
and music?
• Recording audio or video in which copyrighted
music or video is playing in the background
• Re-creating a visual work in the same medium.
Example: shooting a photograph that uses the
same composition and subject matter as
someone else’s photograph
• Re-creating a visual work in a different medium
Example: making a painting that closely
resembles another person’s photograph
9. Types of Plagiarism
#1. Clone: Submitting another’s
work, word-for-word, as one’s
own
#2. CTRL-C: Contains significant
portions of text from a single
source without alterations
#3. Find-Replace: Changing key
words and phrases but retaining
the essential content of the source
#4. Remix: Paraphrases from
multiple sources, made to fit
together
#5. Recycle: Borrows generously
from the writer’s previous work
without citation
#6. Hybrid: Combines perfectly cited
sources with copied passages
without citation
#7. Mashup: Mixes copied material
from multiple sources
#8. 404 Error: Includes citations to
non-existent or inaccurate information
about sources
#9. Aggregator: Includes proper
citation to sources but the paper
contains almost no original work
#10. Re-tweet: Includes proper
citation, but relies too closely on the
text’s original wording and/or structure
10. Self-plagiarism
• Copying material you have previously
produced and passing it off as a new
production.
• This can potentially violate copyright
protection if the work has been published and
is banned by most academic policies.
11. Glossary
• Attribution
The acknowledgement that something
came from another source
• Bibliography
A list of sources used in preparing a
work
• Citation
A short, formal indication of the source
of information or quoted material
• Common Knowledge
Information that is readily available
from a number of sources or so well-
known that its sources do not have to
be cited
Example: Carrots are a source of
Vitamin A (common knowledge, no
source accreditation). However,
Effects of Vitamin A on the human body
products of original research; to be cited
• Original
Not derived from anything else, new
and unique
• Paraphrase
A restatement of a text or passage in
other words
• Reproduction
Redrawing a figure with new symbols
• Public Domain
The absence of copyright protection;
belonging to the public so that
anyone may copy or borrow from it
