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Saundra Swain
Image: images.nationalgeographic.com
 Bifurcated (paired) reproductive
  tract
 Lateral vaginae

 Medial vaginal canal
   (Feldhamer et al 2007)




                   Image: palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk
   Kangaroo Choriovitelline placenta
   Eutherian chorioallantoic placenta
   Less villi – less surface area- less gas exchange-
    less gestation time
   (Feldhamer et al 2007)

                              Kangaroo




                             Eutherian


    Image: (Feldhamer et al 2007).
    Eutherian: progesterone creates
     negative feedback loop inhibiting
     new estrous cycle
    (Sharman 1970)




    Image: www.ansci.wisc.edu
   Kangaroo: no negative feedback loop does not
     inhibit estrous cycle. Short gestation
    (Sharman 1970)




Image: www.ansci.wisc.edu
   Except grey kangaroo
   Delayed implantation
   Egg arrests in blastocyst stage (100
    cells)
   Can be pregnant, have young in
    pouch and young at foot at same
    time
   (Renfree and Shaw 2000, Dawson 1995)
Image: greatunansweredquestions.blogspot.com
   Temporary reduced egg shell
   Lasts 2/3 of gestation
   Prevents mother’s immune system
    from rejecting egg
   (Dawson 1995)
   Kangaroos have short gestation and longer
    lactation when compared to Eutherians
   Kangaroos develop more in pouch
   (Dawson 1995)




    Image: www.kangaroocenter.com   Image: upload.wikimedia.org
   Can produce 2 different types of
    milk synchronously
   Separately controlled mammary
    gland and teat for young in pouch
    than for young at foot
   (Krockenberger 1996; Joss et al 2009; Nicholas 1988)
   Different composition of milk in each teat
   Four phases of milk production
   (Krockenberger 1996; Joss et al 2009; Nicholas 1988)




                              Image: 1.bp.blogspot.com
   Forelimbs must develop quickly to be usable
    for climb to pouch
   Hindlimbs have more time to develop
   Forelimbs show much less diversity
   Hindlimbs show much more diversity
   (Cooper and Steppan 2010).
Image: brattahlid.tripod.com   Image: australianstamp.com
   Cooper, James W., and Scott J. Steppan. 2010. Developmental constraint on the
    evolution of marsupial forelimb morphology. Australian Journal of Zoology 58: 1-
    15.
   Dawson, Terence J.. 1995. Kangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials. Cornell U.
    P., Ithaca, New York.
   Feldhamer, George A., Lee C. Drickamer, Stephan H. Vessey, Joseph F.
    Merritt, and Carey Krajewski. 2007. Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology.
    Third ed. The Johns Hopkins U. P. Baltimore, Maryland.
   Joss, Janice L., Mark P. Molloy, Lyn Hinds, and Elizabeth Deane. 2009. A
    longitudinal study of the protein components of marsupial milk from birth to
    weaning in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Developmental and
    Comparative Immunology 33: 152-161.
   Krockenberger, Andrew K. 1996. Composition of the milk of the
    koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, an arboreal Folivore. Physiological Zoology 69(3): 701-
    718.
   Nicholas, Kevin R.. 1988. Asynchronous dual lactation in a marsupial, the tammar
    wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Biochemical and Biophysical research Communications
    154(2): 529-536.
   Renfree, M.B., and G. Shaw. 2000. Diapause. Annual Review of Physiology 62: 353-
    375.
   Sharman, G.B.. 1970. Reproductive physiology of marsupials. Science 167(3922)
    1221-1228.

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Kangaroo Reproduction

  • 2.  Bifurcated (paired) reproductive tract  Lateral vaginae  Medial vaginal canal  (Feldhamer et al 2007) Image: palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk
  • 3. Kangaroo Choriovitelline placenta  Eutherian chorioallantoic placenta  Less villi – less surface area- less gas exchange- less gestation time  (Feldhamer et al 2007) Kangaroo Eutherian Image: (Feldhamer et al 2007).
  • 4. Eutherian: progesterone creates negative feedback loop inhibiting new estrous cycle  (Sharman 1970) Image: www.ansci.wisc.edu
  • 5. Kangaroo: no negative feedback loop does not inhibit estrous cycle. Short gestation  (Sharman 1970) Image: www.ansci.wisc.edu
  • 6. Except grey kangaroo  Delayed implantation  Egg arrests in blastocyst stage (100 cells)  Can be pregnant, have young in pouch and young at foot at same time  (Renfree and Shaw 2000, Dawson 1995)
  • 8. Temporary reduced egg shell  Lasts 2/3 of gestation  Prevents mother’s immune system from rejecting egg  (Dawson 1995)
  • 9. Kangaroos have short gestation and longer lactation when compared to Eutherians  Kangaroos develop more in pouch  (Dawson 1995) Image: www.kangaroocenter.com Image: upload.wikimedia.org
  • 10. Can produce 2 different types of milk synchronously  Separately controlled mammary gland and teat for young in pouch than for young at foot  (Krockenberger 1996; Joss et al 2009; Nicholas 1988)
  • 11. Different composition of milk in each teat  Four phases of milk production  (Krockenberger 1996; Joss et al 2009; Nicholas 1988) Image: 1.bp.blogspot.com
  • 12. Forelimbs must develop quickly to be usable for climb to pouch  Hindlimbs have more time to develop  Forelimbs show much less diversity  Hindlimbs show much more diversity  (Cooper and Steppan 2010).
  • 13. Image: brattahlid.tripod.com Image: australianstamp.com
  • 14. Cooper, James W., and Scott J. Steppan. 2010. Developmental constraint on the evolution of marsupial forelimb morphology. Australian Journal of Zoology 58: 1- 15.  Dawson, Terence J.. 1995. Kangaroos: Biology of the Largest Marsupials. Cornell U. P., Ithaca, New York.  Feldhamer, George A., Lee C. Drickamer, Stephan H. Vessey, Joseph F. Merritt, and Carey Krajewski. 2007. Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology. Third ed. The Johns Hopkins U. P. Baltimore, Maryland.  Joss, Janice L., Mark P. Molloy, Lyn Hinds, and Elizabeth Deane. 2009. A longitudinal study of the protein components of marsupial milk from birth to weaning in the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Developmental and Comparative Immunology 33: 152-161.  Krockenberger, Andrew K. 1996. Composition of the milk of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, an arboreal Folivore. Physiological Zoology 69(3): 701- 718.  Nicholas, Kevin R.. 1988. Asynchronous dual lactation in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii). Biochemical and Biophysical research Communications 154(2): 529-536.  Renfree, M.B., and G. Shaw. 2000. Diapause. Annual Review of Physiology 62: 353- 375.  Sharman, G.B.. 1970. Reproductive physiology of marsupials. Science 167(3922) 1221-1228.