Bio-Chemical Sensors are most valuable sensors in chemical industry, Hope this will help you.

1. BIOCHEMICAL SENSORS
By: Saumya Ranjan Behura

2. Introduction
1. Combination of 3 fields
a. Biology
b. Chemicals
c. Sensors
2. Study of the chemical substances and vital
processes occurring in living organisms

3. 1. Biosensor is an analytical device,
which converts a biological response into
electrical signal.
2. Monitoring electrolytes concentration
and pH in sweat and even to detect
specific proteins in blood or plasma.
Introduction (Cont.)

4. Construction
1. Their construction dedicated to different
applications
2. The transducers are ISFET or ChemFET
3. Typical Ex for detection of pH in urea:
CO(NH2)2 + 3 H2O urease CO2 +2 NH4
+ + 2 OH–
Here pH ISFETs are used for detection of pH in urea

5. Fig- Structure of the urea ENFET
The figure includes:
1: Enzymatic membrane
2: Ion selective membrane
3: PolyHEMA hydrogel layer
4: Gate layers:
- Silicon nitride
- Silicon oxide
5: Channel
6: Encapsulation
S: Source
D: Drain
B: Bulk
Cont.

6. Fig-1. Lamella type Fig-2. Batch type
1. Modern biosensing is based on microreactor
construction
2. 2 types of microreactors has developed:
A. lamella type- a system of parallel
microchannels etched in Si
B. Batch type- a form of column filled with
glass microbeads with immobilized enzymes

7. Elements of biochemical sensor
Figure 3. Schematic arrangement of a typical chemical or
biochemical sensor

8. Components of a Biosensor
Detector
Signal ProcessingSignal Conditioning

9. It should be high for the detection of
high substrate concentration.
Value of the electrode response per
substrate concentration.
Chemicals Interference must be
minimized for obtaining the correct
result.
Necessary time for 95% of the
response.
1. LINEARITY
2. SENSITIVITY
3. SELECTIVITY
4. RESPONSE TIME
Basic Characteristics

10. 5. LIMIT OF DETECTION
6. RELIABILITY
7. STABILITY
8. LIFE TIME
Three times standard deviation of
the blank value
Degree of trust or correctness in
result
Output change as per input changes
Have few minutes to several years
Characteristics (Cont.)

11. Typical Biochemical Sensors
1. Ionic Sensors- Sense electrolyte
concentration in fluid
2. PH sensor- Sense pH of a fluid
3. Immune Sensor- Integrated into wound
dressing and bandages
4. Sweat rate Sensor- Derive the sweat rate
gradient along the time

12. Typical biosensors(Cont.)
5. Strain Sensors- Monitor strain on artificial
limbs
6. Piezo-resistive Sensor- Developed by
Smartex, measure breathing rate & breathing
amplitude
7. Piezo-electrical sensor- Contactless sensors
measure heart rate, respiration rate, movement
of a subject during sleep

13. Advantages
1. DURABLE- have relatively long useful life
2. TINY and COMPACTABLE- Closely packed easily
portable
3. CHEAP- Afford by everyone
4. EASY USE- very much easy to use
5. HIGHLY SPECIFIC- Give accurate result

14. Disadvantages
1. HEAT RESPONSE - High temperature may damage it
2. CONTENTS OF CELL - Deposit on reactor or receptor
media of cell
3. RESPONSE TIME - Take some minutes or hour
4. RESPONSE TO PH - may impaired by pH

15. Applications
1. Medicine - control metabolites and drugs
2. Clinical chemistry - Used for laboratory safety
3. Environmental - Pollution control and
monitoring
Pregnancy test
Detects the hCG protein in
urine.
Glucose monitoring device (for
diabetes patients)
Monitors the glucose level in
the blood.

16. Applications (Cont.)
4. Chemical, pharmaceutical, food industry
5. Agriculture
6. Military detection- detect chemical and
biological warfare agents
Infectous disease biosensor from RBS

17. Future Trends
1. There are number of areas where the unique
capabilities of biosensors might be exploited to
meet the requirement of environmental
monitoring.
2. Advances in such areas such as toxicity,
bioavailability and multi-pollutant screening,
could when the potential market and allow these
techniques to be more competitive.
3. Biosensors should be made smaller more
portable and can detect various agent for fall
protection.

18. Conclusion
1. It is the dynamic technique used in
many fields like food, agricultural,
environmental, clinical etc.
2. By this technique enormous
problems of science can be solved

19. Thank You