1. JAINISM
Presented By Satyabrata Dash
Parosparopagraho Jivanam
(The function of souls is to help one
another)
Souls render service to one another
2. BIOGRAPHY
Mahavira also known as Vardhaman, was the 24th tirthankara of Jainism. He was the
spiritual successor of the 23rd tirthankara Parsvanatha .
Founder –Rishavdev (Adinath)
Born in Kundagram (dist.- Muzaffarpur , BH) IN 540 BC
FATHER- King SIDDHARTH( Head of jnatrika clan)
MOTHER-Queen TRISHLA (Sister of prince chetak of Vaishali)
Married to – Yasodha
Daughter- Priyadarsana (whose husband Jamali became his first disciple)
At the age of 30 his parents passed away and he became ascetic.
In the 13 year(At 42 years) of his asceticism on the 10th day of Vaisakha, he attained
kaivalya (supreme knowledge) which was outside the town of Jimbhikgrama under sal
tree
His first sermon was held at Pava vithulanchal parbat (in rajgiri ,magadh, BH)
After that he was called with Mahavira and jains (his followers)
At the age of 72, he attained death which is at Pavapuri near Patna in 468 BC.
3. Vardhaman Mahavir
Jainism is an ancient religion that is rooted in the philosophy that teaches the way to
liberation and a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined nonviolence
to all living creatures. Lord Mahavira was the twenty-fourth and last Jain Tirthankara
according to the Jain philosophy. A Tirthankara is an enlightened soul who is born as a
human being and attains perfection through intense meditation. For a Jain, Lord Mahavira
is no less than God and his philosophy is like the Bible. Born as Vardhaman Mahavir, he
later came to be known as Bhagavan Mahaveer. At the age of 30, Vardhaman left his home
in pursuit of spiritual awakening, and for the next twelve-and-a-half years, he practiced
severe meditation and penance, after which he became omniscient. After achieving Kevala
Jnana, he travelled throughout the Indian subcontinent to teach Jain philosophy for the
next 30 years.
4. JAINISM – Philosophy , A way of life and A Religion
“Live and Let Live”
The word ‘Jain’ is derived from jina or jaina which means the ‘Conqueror’
Jainism is one of the oldest living religions of the world.
It is independent and not a branch or off shoot of any religion.
Its contribution to Indian Philosophy in particular and to the world thought of
non violence, Truth and Peaceful Co‐existence is significant and of great value.
5. Nine Tattvas (Principles)
1.Jiva soul or living being (Consciousness)- All living beings are called Jivas. Jivas have
consciousness known as the soul, which is also called the atma (soul – chetan). The soul
and body are two different entities. The soul can not be reproduced. It is described as a
sort of energy which is indestructible, invisible, and shapeless. Jainism divides jivas into
five categories ranging from one-sensed beings to five-sensed beings. The body is merely
a home for the soul. At the time of death, the soul leaves the body to occupy a new one.
Tirthankaras have said that the soul has an infinite capacity to know and perceive. This
capacity of the soul is not experienced in its present state, because of accumulated karmas.
2. Ajiva -non-living substances -Anything that is not a soul is called ajiva. Ajiva does not
have consciousness
3. Asrava- cause of the influx of karma (Asrava may be described as attraction in the
soul toward sense objects) -The influx of Karman particles to the soul is known as asrav. It
is caused by wrong belief, vow lessness (observing no vows), passions, negligence, and
psychophysical activities. Such an influx of karmas is facilitated by mental, verbal, or
physical activities.
4. Bandh- bondage of karma- This refers to the actual binding of karman particles to the
soul. Bandh occurs, when we react to any situation with a sense of attachment.
6. 5. Punya- virtue means providing food or other items to the needy people, doing
charity work, propagating religion, etc. When punya matures, it brings forth worldly
comfort and happiness. Digambar consider “Punya” as part of Asrava.
6. Papa- sin By undertaking bad activities, we acquire pap or bad karmas. Such
activities are: being cruel or violent, showing disrespect to parents or teachers,
being angry or greedy and showing arrogance
7. Samvara- arrest of the influx of karma -This is the process by which the influx of
Karman particles is stopped.
8. Nirjara -exhaustion of the accumulated karma
9. Moksha- total liberation from karma- when we get rid of all the karmas, we attain
liberation or moksha
9. AIMS OF EDUCATION
Jain system recommended liberation as the ultimate aim of education.
To build the character of the individual
To enable the individual to acquire values
To enable the individual to attain salvation
To enable the individual to detach from the worldly desires. (ସାାଂସାରିକ ଇଚ୍ଛା |)
To develop the personality of the individual.
To develop the personality of the individual.
To enable the individual to attain salvation.
12. 5 basic vows
5 main Teaching
1. Nonviolence (Ahimsa) - not to cause harm to any living beings
2. Truthfulness (Satya) - to speak the harmless truth only
3. Non-stealing (Asteya) - not to take anything
4. Chastity (Brahmacharya) - not to indulge in sensual pleasure
5.Non-possession/Non-attachment (Aparigraha) - complete detachment from
people, places, and material things.
13. 1. Ahimsa (Non-violence) – Ahimsa parmo dharma – Non-violence is the supreme
religion. Non-violence is the cornerstone of Jainism, no living being has the right to injure,
harm or kill any other living being including animals, plants and even insects.
2. Satya (Truth) – There is no place for lies in Jainism, one should always speak up the truth
and only those who have conquered greed, fear, jealousy, anger, ego and frivolity can speak
the truth.
3. Achaurya or Asteya (Non-stealing) – Jainism is against stealing/grabbing property by
unjust/immoral methods. Even while accepting help, aid, alms one should not take more than
what is required.
4. Brahmacharya (Celibacy, Chastity – this vow was added by Mahavira) – Celibacy refers
to the total refraining from sensual pleasures. Even the thought of sensual pleasure is
prohibited in Jainism. Monks are required to observe this vow completely while the general
laity following Jainism should not indulge in any physical relationship other than with one’s
own spouse and that too of limited nature.
5. Aparigraha (Non-attachment/Non-possession) – One who seeks spiritual liberation
should withdraw from all attachments to objects that please any of the five senses. Mahavira
has said that “wants and desires have no end, and only the sky is the limit for them”. The
wealth which a common man desires to attain creates attachment which will continuously
result in greed, jealousy, selfishness, ego, hatred, violence, etc.
14. TYPES/SECTIONS Of JAIN
1. SHVETAMBARAS- The monks of this section
Wear white clothes and do not follow the rules
Strictly. They Consider Mahavir swami married.
2. DIGAMBAR- The monks of this section
doesn’t Wear clothes and follow the rules of
Jainism Strictly and they consider
Mahavir swami as balbramhachari.
15. Daily Life Of A Jain
Code of Conduct for Monks & Nuns (stricter)
Code for Laymen and Laywomen
Vegetarianism & Non-Violent Practices
No Silk, Leather, Animal Products
Simplicity of Lifestyle, Non-Materialism
Meditation and Introspection
Forgiveness is a Moral Doctrine
Compassion, Charity & Community Service
Preservation of the Environment
Jainism is the World’s Only Religion Emphasizing the Environment.
16. The sacred literature of Svetambara's is written in a form of Prakrit, called
Ardhamagadhi and may be classified as follows-
(i) 12 Angas
(ii) 12 Upangas
(iii) 10 Parikarnas
(iv) 6 Chhedasutras
(v) 4 Malasutras
(vi) 2 Sutra Granthas
14 Purvas is the oldest text of Mahavira’’s preaching Besides this the important Jain
texts are-Kalpa Sutra (in Sanskrit) by Bhadrabahu, Bhadrabahu charita, Parishishta
parvan(an appendix of trishasthis Halak purush) by Hemchndra.
18. CENTERS OF LEARNING
Mathas, Asramas were constructed for the jain munis and acharyas.They became
the centre of learning.
19. CURRICULUM
1. Social Science, Moral Science and vocational education
2. Curriculum should include the provision for attainment of Tri-Ratnas.
3. Curriculum should include subjects which teaches non-violence.
24. Literature and Language
Jains literature exists mainly in Jain Prakrit, Sanskrit, Marathi, Tamil,
Rajasthani, Dhundari, Marwari, Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, and
more recently in English. Jains have contributed to India's classical and popular
literature.
25. ROLE OF THE TEACHER
• Regarded as Gods.
• To teach the students non-violence (ଅହିାଂସା)
• To help the students to attain liberation (ମୁକ୍ତି)
• To follow Tri-Ratnas (ତିନ ାଟି ରତ୍ନ)
• To be well aware of the vows (ପ୍ରତିଜ୍ଞା/ସମ୍ପାଦ ା)
• To have moral values
• To have mastery over the subject.
26. Educational Implication
Truth is relativistic and pluralist. What is true to some, may not be true for others. Knowledge,
therefore may be viewed differently. Students must be taught to view things in different
perspectives. They should be open minded and be willing to accept different opinions.
Self-realization is important. Man must focus on the divinity and remove the material bond of
soul. Therefore, students should be taught to focus on developing their spiritual side, and not
focus on material things.
Education should lead to self-enlightenment. Students should not study for the sake of marks or
good report results. They should study to broaden their mind and broaden their thinking.
Studying
should be for the sake of gaining new knowledge and developing oneself.
Education should develop in students the sense of discrimination between what is good and
what is bad.
Education should inculcate non-violence as a virtue, practiced and not only aspired for, that
would be socially desirable.
