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DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR OVERVIEW
- 1. Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor OverviewOverview By SATHISHKUMAR G (sathishsak111@gmail.com)
- 3. 3 Real-time tasks Real-timeReal-time ProcessingProcessing Example:Example: 100-tap FIR filter100-tap FIR filter èè eseguito real-time se si è in grado dieseguito real-time se si è in grado di completare l’operazione di filtraggiocompletare l’operazione di filtraggio entro due istanti di capionamentoentro due istanti di capionamento successivi:successivi: ( ) ( ) ( )∑= −= 99 0k knxkany La definizione di Real-time Processing dipende dal contesto applicativo Processing Time Waiting Time Sample TimeSample Timenn n+1n+1 WTPT ST WTWT ≥≥ 00
- 4. 4 Analog Signal ProcessingAnalog Signal Processing Specialized Specialized HWHW 1D ASICASIC 2D
- 5. 5 Le tolleranzetolleranze associate a questi componenti analogici, la temperaturatemperatura, le variazioni divariazioni di voltaggiovoltaggio e le vibrazioni meccanichevibrazioni meccaniche possono drammaticamente indurre effetti non prevedibili sul circuito analogico. Le tecniche di processing analogico si avvalgono di componenti come: ResistorsResistors,, CapacitorsCapacitors ee InductorsInductors. Analog Signal ProcessingAnalog Signal Processing
- 6. 6 ADC 2D 01101110001010110100010110111000101011010001 1011101001000101010011110111010010001010100111 0101010111000101010011101010101110001010100111 Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing SpecializedSpecialized CPUCPU ADCADC SpecializedSpecialized HWHW DSPDSP FPGAFPGA LW R1, a(R4R4) LW R2, b(R4R4) ADD R3,R1,R2 SW c(R4R4),R3 ASICASIC 1D
- 7. 7 FIR Filter with Linear PhaseFIR Filter with Linear Phase Le attuali tecniche di processing digitale sono così potenti che in particolari ambiti applicativi, è quasi impossibile, per le tecniche di processing analogiche ottenere performance comparabili. Adaptive FiltersAdaptive Filters Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing FIR FilterFIR Filter
- 8. 8 Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing Change applicationsChange applications Correct applicationsCorrect applications Update applicationsUpdate applications Easy Reduces Noise susceptibilityNoise susceptibility Development timeDevelopment time Power consumptionPower consumption Cost ProgrammablProgrammabl e Hardwaree Hardware DSPDSP FPGAFPGA ProgrammabilitàProgrammabilità
- 9. 9 High frequency signalsHigh frequency signals cannot be processed digitally because of two reasons: Digital Signal ProcessingDigital Signal Processing Limiti degli ADCLimiti degli ADC Le applicazioni diventano troppoLe applicazioni diventano troppo complesse per essere elaborate in Real-complesse per essere elaborate in Real- timetime Analog to Digital Converters (ADC )Analog to Digital Converters (ADC ) non lavorano ad alte frequenzenon lavorano ad alte frequenze ADC
- 10. 10 Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor DSP vs. GPPDSP vs. GPP General Purpose ProcessorGeneral Purpose Processor (GPP)(GPP)Large memoryLarge memory Advanced operating systemsAdvanced operating systems Processing of many “high” frequencyProcessing of many “high” frequency signals in real-timesignals in real-time Cost savingCost saving Smaller sizeSmaller size Low power consumptionLow power consumption Digital Signal Processor (DSP)Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
- 11. 11 Algorithm Equation Finite Impulse Response Filter Infinite Impulse Response Filter Convolution Discrete Fourier Transform Discrete Cosine Transform La Somma di Prodotti (SOPSOP) è la base di molti algoritmi tipici per DSP: Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Algoritmo SOPAlgoritmo SOP
- 12. 12 I processori DSP sono ottimizzati per operazioni di somma e moltiplicazione. Moltiplicazioni e addizioni sono eseguite con hardware specializzati e completate in un ciclo di clock. HardwarHardwar ee MicrocodMicrocod ee 10111011 x 1110x 1110 1001101010011010 10111011 x 1110x 1110 00000000 1011.1011. 1011..1011.. 1011...1011... 1001101010011010 Cycle 1Cycle 1 Cycle 2Cycle 2 Cycle 3Cycle 3 Cycle 4Cycle 4 Cycle 5Cycle 5 Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Hardware vs. MicrocodeHardware vs. Microcode Example:Example: 4-bit multiply4-bit multiply (unsigned)(unsigned)
- 13. 13 Parameter Arithmetic format Extended floating point Extended Arithmetic Performance (peak) Number of hardware multipliers Number of registers Internal L1 program memory cache Internal L1 data memory cache Internal L2 cache 32-bit N/A 40-bit 1200MIPS 2 (16 x 16-bit) with 32-bit result 32 32K 32K 512K 32-bit 64-bit 40-bit 1200MFLOPS 2 (32 x 32-bit) with 32 or 64-bit result 32 32K 32K 512K TMS320C6211 (@150MHz) TMS320C6711 (@150MHz) C6711 Datasheet:C6711 Datasheet: TMS320C6711.pdfTMS320C6711.pdf C6211 Datasheet:C6211 Datasheet: TMS320C6211.pdfTMS320C6211.pdf Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Parametri TecniciParametri Tecnici
- 14. 14 Parameter I/O bandwidth: Serial Ports (number/speed) DMA channels Multiprocessor support Supply voltage Power management On-chip timers (number/width) Cost Package External memory interface controller JTAG 2 x 75Mbps 16 Not inherent 3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core Yes 2 x 32-bit US$ 21.54 256 Pin BGA Yes Yes 2 x 75Mbps 16 Not inherent 3.3V I/O, 1.8V Core Yes 2 x 32-bit US$ 21.54 256 Pin BGA Yes Yes TMS320C6211 (@150MHz) TMS320C6711 (@150MHz) Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Parametri TecniciParametri Tecnici
- 15. 15 Can be slower than fixed-pointCan be slower than fixed-point counterparts and larger in sizecounterparts and larger in size Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Fixed vs. FloatingFixed vs. Floating Floating Point Ease ofEase of useuse High precisionHigh precision Wide dynamic rangeWide dynamic range High signal-to-noise ratioHigh signal-to-noise ratio Higher power consumptionHigher power consumption Can be more expensiveCan be more expensive It is the application that dictates which deviceIt is the application that dictates which device and platform to use in order to achieveand platform to use in order to achieve optimum performance at a low costoptimum performance at a low cost
- 16. 16 AdvantagesAdvantages • High throughputHigh throughput • Lower silicon areaLower silicon area • Lower power consumptionLower power consumption • Improved reliabilityImproved reliability • Reduction in system noiseReduction in system noise • Low overall system costLow overall system cost DisadvantagesDisadvantages • High investment costHigh investment cost • Less flexibilityLess flexibility • Long time from design toLong time from design to marketmarket Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor GP-DSP vs. ASIC-DSPGP-DSP vs. ASIC-DSP Application Specific Integrated CircuitsApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are semiconductors designed for(ASICs) are semiconductors designed for dedicated functionsdedicated functions
- 17. 17 VoIP Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor Texas Instruments’Texas Instruments’ TMS220 FamilyTMS220 Family C2000 C5000 C6000 Lowest CostLowest Cost Control SystemsControl Systems - Motor Control- Motor Control - Storage- Storage - Digital Ctrl Systems- Digital Ctrl Systems EfficiencyEfficiency Best MIPS per Watt /Best MIPS per Watt / Dollar / SizeDollar / Size - Wireless phones- Wireless phones - Internet audio- Internet audio playersplayers - Digital still cameras- Digital still cameras - Modems- Modems - Telephony- Telephony - VoIP- VoIP Performance &Performance & Best Ease-of-UseBest Ease-of-Use - Multi Channel and Multi- Multi Channel and Multi Function App'sFunction App's - Comm Infrastructure- Comm Infrastructure - Wireless Base-stations- Wireless Base-stations - DSL- DSL - Imaging- Imaging - Multi-media Servers- Multi-media Servers - Video- Video
- 18. 18 TMS320TMS320CC64x:64x: The C64x fixed-point DSPs offer the industry's highest level of performance to address the demands of the digital age. At clock rates of up to 1 GHz, C64x DSPs can process information at rates up to 8000 MIPS with costs as low as $19.95. In addition to a high clock rate, C64x DSPs can do more work each cycle with built-in extensions. These extensions include new instructions to accelerate performance in key application areas such as digital communications infrastructure and video and image processing. TMS320CTMS320C6262x:x: These first-generation fixed-point DSPs represent breakthrough technology that enables new equipments and energizes existing implementations for multi-channel, multi-function applications, such as wireless base stations, remote access servers (RAS), digital subscriber loop (xDSL) systems, personalized home security systems, advanced imaging/biometrics, industrial scanners, precision instrumentation and multi-channel telephony systems. TMS320CTMS320C6767x:x: For designers of high-precision applications, C67x floating-point DSPs offer the speed, precision, power savings and dynamic range to meet a wide variety of design needs. These dynamic DSPs are the ideal solution for demanding applications like audio, medical imaging, instrumentation and automotive. Digital Signal ProcessorDigital Signal Processor TMS220 - C6000TMS220 - C6000
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