Zadok sustainable tourism 21 june 2012

Sustainable/Responsible/Eco-Tourism
Sustainability and Tourism

Sasin Centre for Sustainability Management
SUSTAINABLE / RESPONSIBLE /

21 June 2012
ECO-TOURISM

SUSTAINABILITY and TOURISM

Zadok S. Lempert, PhD
Professor for Sustainability Management & Tourism Development

©Author: Zadok Severin LEMPERT, PhD


PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT:

Knowing / Understanding the problem =
ECO-TOURISM

Enables Providing Most of the Solution* / **

(*= Ideas, Concept, Proposal, Legislation, Definitions,
Rules & Guidelines, Implementation, Audits)

(**= And this is when the “troubles” begin… )



ENVIRONMENT as it should be:
ECO-TOURISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable Development

People depend on nature's capital, i.e. on nature's steady

supply of basic requirements for life, for example energy for
heat and mobility, quality food and water for healthy living,
ecological sinks for waste absorption. Therefore, diminishing
ECO-TOURISM

our planet's natural capital will lead to the destruction of
humanity's own home.

Environmentally / Economically Sustainable Development
is envisaged as leading to the management of all resources in
a way, and at a rate which enables people to meet their needs
now without compromising the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.
(Brundland Report, 1987)



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable Development

Agenda 21 is the action plan for sustainable development for

the 21st century adopted by world leaders at the United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development
(UNCED) - the Earth Summit - held in Rio de Janeiro in June
1992.
ECO-TOURISM

Each local authority should enter into a dialogue with its citizens,
local organisations, and private enterprises, and adopt a "local
agenda 21". Through consultation and consensus building, local
authorities would learn from citizens and from local, civic,
community, business and industrial organisations and acquire the
information needed for formulating the best strategies.
„Development that delivers basic environmental, social and
economic services to all, without threatning the viability of
the ecological and community systems upon which these
systems depend“
(ICLEI definition – International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives)


ENVIRONMENT as we make it (problems):
ECO-TOURISM



Everyone* wants Tourism -

(*= Government & Public Sector, Private Sector, Industries, Individuals)
ECO-TOURISM

It is a strong Economic Development** Factor !

(**= Investments, Forex, Infra-Structure, Real-Estates, Hospitality and
Gastronomy, Agriculture and Food, Transportation, Trade, SMEs,
Handicraft, Education, Entertainment, Communication = Work and
Income)



(Sample of Contents of a course:)

Impacts of Tourism – general
Impacts of Tourism on the global environment
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Environmental damages of other industries
Impacts of Tourism on socio-cultures
Impacts of Tourism on the economy
Economic potential of Eco-Tourism – facts and statements
Impacts of EcoTourism
About Sustainable Tourism - definitions and statements
About Eco-Tourism - definitions and statements



During the past four decades Tourism has become a major

international industry, with many countries all over the world
relying on the income it produces.
Its economic advantages as a major source of foreign
ECO-TOURISM

exchange and employment lead to its active promotion by
governments and other institutions.
The consequences on the environment, however, were long
neglected as economic development was more important.
The fact that “Environment” is a major “natural” integrated
factor in the “tourism menu” has now also been recognized.



Infrastructure (roads, habitat, electricity, water, public
transportation, civil services, jobs = Urbanisation
ECO-TOURISM



The demands of tourism can, however, also contribute to the destruction

of the natural and cultural environment upon which it depends. It is
essential to find ways to protect those environments and cultures for the
present and future generations.
ECO-TOURISM

The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential
to tourism.
However, tourism's relationship with the environment is complex. It
involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects.
Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general
infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities,
including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas.
The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the
natural environmental resources on which it depends.


Uncontrolled conventional tourism
poses potential threats to many

natural areas around the world.
It can put enormous pressure on an
area and lead to impacts such as
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soil erosion, increased pollution,
discharges into the sea, natural
habitat loss, increased pressure on
endangered species and
heightened vulnerability to forest
fires. It often puts a strain on water
resources, and it can force local
populations to compete for the use
of critical resources.



Tourism‘s main impact areas, excluding cultural and financial influence,

can be defined as:
- Natural resources:
Depletion of natural resources: Forests, Water, Local Resources, Land
Degradation;
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- Pollution:
Air, Water, Noise, Waste (solid, liquid, littering), Sewage; Aesthetic;
- Physical impacts:
Destruction of Ecosystems and Landscapes through Construction,
Deforestation, unsustainable Agro-Landuse, Marinas, Anchoring, Golf-
Courses
- Environmental impacts at global level:
Migration of Foreign Species, No Boundaries for Sicknesses,
Contribution to Climate Change;



See the beautiful beach….?
ECO-TOURISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Triple-Bottom-Line Principle

The integrated management approach within sustainable development:

ECONOMIC - ECOLOGIC - SOCIAL
ECO-TOURISM



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable / Ecotourism
While the details vary, most definitions of Sustainable and
Eco-Tourism boil down to a special form of tourism that

meets three win-win-win criteria:
1) it provides for environmental conservation
2) it includes meaningful community participation
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3) it is profitable and can sustain itself.
UNEP Criteria:
- Contributes to conservation of biodiversity.
- Sustains the well being of local people.
- Includes an interpretation / learning experience.
- Involves responsible action on the part of tourists and the
tourism industry.
- Is delivered primarily to small groups by small-scale businesses.
- Requires the lowest possible consumption of non-renewable
resources.
- Stresses local participation, ownership and business
opportunities, particularly for rural people.


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: Sustainable / Ecotourism

EcoTourism participants obtain certificates. The following

principles should be followed by everyone who implements
and participates in ecotourism activities:

 Minimize impact
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 Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect
 Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts
 Provide direct financial benefits for conservation
 Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local
people
 Raise sensitivity to host countries' political,
environmental, and social climate
 Support international human rights and labour
agreements


ECO-TOURISM

THANK YOU


Zadok sustainable tourism 21 june 2012

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