SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 56
IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH
Presented by:
Sarita Neupane
Little Buddha College of Health Science
Prepared by:
Sarita Neupane
Time: 45 minutes
Outline of presentation
● Objective of presentation
● Overview of COVID-19
● Introduction of Mental Health
● Effects of COVID on Mental Health
● Data of mental health during the pandemic
● WHO guidelines for Mental health
● Conclusion
Objective of presentation
● To overview the situation of COVID -19
● To discuss about the Mental health during the pandemic
● To discuss the National and international scenario of the impacts of COVID-
19 in Mental Health
● Education,COVID-19 and Mental Health
● Consequences of COVID-19 on Mental Health
● To explain about the WHO guidelines on Mental Health during COVID-19.
Overview of COVID-19
● A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in a seafood
market in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in China, at the end of
2019
● The contagious respiratory illness caused by this novel
coronavirus is called coronavirus disease 2019 or, in short,
COVID-19
● From February, COVID-19 cases soared across most of
Europe, the United States, Australia, Asia and on to Africa.
● Until now, the novel coronavirus continues to wreak havoc on
daily life around the globe, affecting …..countries, infecting
……...and killing …….people (until……….; Worldometer,
2020
Mental Health
Mental Health
State of well-being in which the individual:
✔ Realizes his/her own abilities
✔ Cope with normal stress of life
✔ Can work productively and
✔ Able to make a contribution to community
Mental Illness
Any disease or condition that affects way a person
thinks, feels, behaves and ability to relate to others
and to surroundings
Introduction
● COVID-19 pandemic is turning out to be a major
stressor for most of the humanity. Never has such an
event affected so many individuals all across the globe.
● The initial focus is necessarily on the physical
consequences of the infection.
● There is recognition that the significant psychological
consequences emerging out of this catastrophe need to
be addressed.
● The mental health issues began emerging almost
immediately after the WHO declared COVID-19 a
Public Health Emergency of International Concern in
January 2020.
★ There are many factors which make the healthcare providers
vulnerable to mental distress such as high risk of contracting the
infection, heavy workload, inadequate protection against
contamination, frustration and poor social support as well as feeling
of isolation from the general public.
★ A nationwide survey of China found that almost one-third of the general
public have experienced certain psychological distress due to COVID-19
Effects of COVID on Mental Health
★ The general population is also at the high risk of mental distress.
★ An online survey performed among 4872 participants from 31
provinces of China during the first week of February 2020 found that
almost half, i.e. 48.3 % (95% CI: 46.9%-49.7%) of the participants
had experienced depression and 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) of the
participants had a certain level of anxiety, which were positively
associated with frequent exposure to social media during the COVID-
19.
Global scenario of COVID-19 prevalence with mental health status
Source : Data comes from "The Impact of COVID-19 on College Student Well-being," a survey conducted by the Healthy
Minds Network and the American College Health Association.
Source: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/what-risks-does-covid-19-pose-to-society-in-the-long-term/
Source : https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/united-nations-global-mental-health-crisis-covid19-
pandemic/
Source: https://cmha.ca/news/warning-signs-more-canadians-thinking-about-suicide-during-
pandemic
Harm and types of suicide
● According to Emile Durkheim, the term suicide is
applied to all cases of death resulting directly or
indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim,
which he/she knows will produce this result (Pickering
& Walford, 2011).
● Durkheim identifies three different types of suicide
which are,
egoistic
suicide
anomic suicide
fatalistic
suicide.
Egoistic
suicide
• Egoistic suicide is seen as stemming from the absence of social integration. It is
committed by individuals who are social outcast and see themselves as being alone or
an outsider.
• These individuals are unable to find their own place in society and have problems
adjusting to groups. They received little and no social care. Suicide is seen as a solution
for them to free themselves from loneliness or excessive individuation.
Anomic
suicide
• Anomic suicide is caused by the lack of social regulation and it occurs during high levels
of stress and frustration. Anomic suicide stems from sudden and unexpected changes in
situations. For example, when individuals suffer extreme financial loss, the
disappointment and stress that individuals face may drive them towards committing
suicide as a means of escape.
Fatalistic
Suicide
• Fatalistic suicide occurs when individuals are kept under tight regulation. These
individuals are placed under extreme rules or high expectations are set upon them, which
removes a person’s sense of self or individuality. Slavery and persecution are examples of
fatalistic suicide where individuals may feel that they are destined by fate to be in such
conditions and choose suicide as the only means of escaping such conditions. In South
Korea, celebrities are being put under strict regulations.
Public health importance of Suicide
● The economic and human cost of suicidal behavior
to individuals, families, communities and society
makes suicide a serious public health problem
around the world.
● Suicide is estimated to contribute more than 2% to
the global burden of disease by the year 2020.
● Suicide is a multifaceted problem and hence suicide
prevention programs should also be
multidimensional.
● Collaboration, coordination, cooperation and
commitment are needed to develop and
implement a national plan, which is cost-effective,
appropriate and relevant to the needs of the
community.
● In Nepal, suicide prevention is more of a social and
public health objective than a traditional exercise in
the mental health sector.
Status of Mental Health during COVID-19 in nepal
❏ According to the Nepal police a total 2218 people committed the sucide
during nationwide lockdown.
❏ 20 people committed sucide per day during nationwide lockdown in Nepal.
❏ But the health export exclaim that the number could be higher as several
sucide attempt are not reported to authority concern.
❏ Before the pandemic the number of the sucide cause was an average of 400
per month or 13 death per day.
❏ The investigation by the expert found a combination of depression,
domestic violence, financial worries,and reduce access to health care service
are primary cause of sucide.
Status of Nepal during lockdown
❏ A media survey was conducted during the time
of lockdown between April 23 to May 3 by
Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO)
to study the social impact of COVID-19.
❏ Almost 50 percent of the participants reported
having at least one psychosocial problem,
whereas, 32 percent reported having two or
more psychosocial problems ranging from
restlessness, fearfulness, anxiety, worry and
sadness.
Contd...
❏ People are consuming alcohol as a
coping mechanism, which has
further added to the existing mental
and physiological distress. This has
led to numerous death accounted for
alcohol poisoning and the cases of
domestic violence and abuse.
❏ The Women’s Rehabilitation Center
(WOREC) a national organization
of Nepal recorded that, during the
time of lockdown form 24 March
2020 to 9 May 2020, there have
been 231 reported cases of
violence against women and girls at
24 districts of Nepal . Source: ????
❏ The World Health Organization (WHO)
2016 estimates that the crude suicide rate
for Nepal stands at 8.8 suicides per
100,000 populations.
❏ At the time of lockdown from 24 March
to June 6, 2020, in 74 days of lockdown
it has been estimated that the suicidal rate
has been increased by 20 percent as
1,200 cases of suicide throughout the
country has been reported.
❏ This illustrates almost 17 lives have been
lost per day due to suicide during the
period of lockdown.
Source:https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/
COVID, Education and Mental Health
❏ As of April 8, 2020, schools have been
suspended nationwide in 188 countries,
according to UNESCO.
❏ Over 90% of enrolled learners (1·5 billion
young people) worldwide are now out of
education.
❏ The UNESCO Director-General Audrey
Azoulay warned that “the global scale and
speed of the current educational disruption is
unparalleled”.
Impact on a student’s mental health
❏ Students experience reduced motivation toward
studies, increased pressures to learn independently,
abandonment of daily routines, and potentially higher
rates of dropout as direct consequences of these
measures.
❏ Thus, by increasing academic stressors in a population
with heightened pre-existing stress levels and a
potentially reduced ability to rely on typical coping
strategies – such as family who themselves may be
experiencing heightened distress – the COVID-19
pandemic has placed an unprecedented mental health
burden on students, which urgently requires further
examination and immediate intervention.
Virtual class and its
consequences in Nepal
❏ The Government of Nepal though has decided to
introduce a digital education system to continue
the teaching learning process, and this has further
burdened parents with the load of school fees and online internet fees.
❏ It is further stressful for parents with a low income who have to struggle for daily
wages and do not have proper internet access, as it compromises the learning needs of
their children.
❏ Parents have found themselves trying to educate bored, distressed children from home with
marginal support from school authorities; meanwhile, children and young adults have been
unable to continue the educational and social development which they would normally
receive in a school setting.
Phases of Mental Health Issues
Mental health issues noted in biological disaster zones including
COVID-19 can be classified as:
Acute phase - during
the outbreak (
approximately 2-6
months)
Long term phase -
after the control of
the outbreak (>6
months )
Phases of Mental health of COVID-19
a. Acute phase (during the outbreak):
● Issues to be dealt with include
immediate mental health impacts such
as
○ Fear,
○ Denial,
○ Anxiety,
○ Insomnia,
○ dissociative symptoms,
○ suicidal ideas/attempts,
○ substance withdrawal and
○ relapse of pre-existing mental health
problems.
b. Long -term phase(after the control
of the outbreak):
● Issues commonly presenting include:
○ Grief
○ Survivors guilt
○ Depression
○ Substance use
○ Relapses of pre-existing mental
illness
○ PTSD
○ Somatization disorder
Vulnerable Population
● Children
● Senior citizens
● Pregnant women
● Person with disability
● Homeless individuals
● Poor social support and lower economic status
● Life threatening chronic medical conditions like
cancer,chronic renal
failure,Asthna/COPD,immuno compromised
patients
● History of severe mental illness and wandering
mentalli ill
Common Stressors
➢ The rising death toll in various parts of the world is creating a sense of panic.
➢ Survival guilt among those who suffered from the illness.and might have
infected others.
➢ The prospect of losing employment and sources of income facing losses and
even horrific specter of closing down of the business
➢ Inability to pay room rent
Contd….
➢ Not being able to place food on the table
daily
➢ Infodemic:the overabundance of
misinformation about the Coronavirus,
especially on social media
➢ Social distancing has become a major
stressor for the youngsters
➢ Mental health issues surrounding food:
inability to buy groceries, vegetables,fish,
meat, eggs,and dairy products
Other Mental Health problems due to COVID
Anxiety Disorder
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic disorder Phobias Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder(OCD)
Anxiety disorder
● Many forms of Anxiety disorders are
expected in the aftermath of COVID-
19.
● The emergence of these symptoms can
occur even during lockdowns periods
due to fear/anticipation of an infection.
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
● It is characterized by excessive
worrying and persistent free-floating
anxiety
Panic disorder
● It is characterized by recurrent
unexpected attacks of severe anxiety
(panic attacks) that reach a peak within
a few minutes and last for a few more
minutes.
● This is associated fear of having more
attacks (anticipatory anxiety) of
avoidance of triggers of panic attack.
Phobias
● Most commonly certain people can
excessively develop fear of crowds in the
wake of COVID-19 ( DUE TO FEAR OF
INFECTION).
● In certain cases,if there is excessive
avoidance of crowds to the point of being
housebound it is called agoraphobia.
● In all these phobic states, anxiety
symptoms are triggered only in particular
situations and are accompanied by strong
avoidance of the situations that trigger
fears.
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
● OCD is also expected to increase in the
aftermath of COVID-19.
● To ensure that subjects reduce transmission of
infection,they have been bombarded with public
health message to wash repeatedly to reduce
contamination.
● Subject with OCD also experience repetitive
thoughts that they are
contaminated(contamination obsessions) and
wash repeatedly to reduce anxiety
(compulsion).
Severe Mental illness
● In individuals already suffering from such
conditions, there could be a relapse or worsening.
● Common symptoms:
➢ Unexplained irritability/aggressive behaviour
➢ Talking or smiling to self
➢ Suspiciousness
➢ Hearing voices when nobody is
around(hallucination)
➢ False beliefs(delusions)
➢ Poor self-care
Effects of COVID on Mental Health
Common Worries during COVID-19
Falling ill & Dying
fear of being infected
Mistaken by COVID
19
Avoiding to
seek Health
facilities
Powerlessness
Helplessness
Boredom & Loneliness
Relieving
Traumatic events,
Previous
epidemics
Fear
Indecisiveness
OR Problematic
Behavior
Cognitive Difficulties
WHO guidelines for Mental Health
Conclusion
● COVID-19 pandemic is turning out to be a major cause of mental health for
most of the humanity.
● Combination of depression, domestic violence, financial worries, and reduce
access to health care service are primary cause of suicide during the
pandemic in Nepal.
● Education and its effect on the mental health of the students have been the
major problem in most of the countries.
● Stay connected with others while practicing physical distancing can be the
better coping mechanism for stress.
References
My republic , Retrieved from https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/author/880
Mental Health Concern during COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal, Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342690766_Mental_Health_Concern_during_COVID-
19_Pandemic_in_Nepal
WHO guidelines on mental health, Retrived from
https://www.who.int/publications/guidelines/mental_health/en/
Corona update of Nepal , Retrieved from
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nepal
Education,COVID-19 and Mental Health
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30109-7/fulltext
https://www.healtheuropa.eu/covid-19-and-mental-health-at-work-and-school/102085/
Final pp on impacts of covid on mental health webinar

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Health care (Public vs Private)
Health care (Public vs Private)Health care (Public vs Private)
Health care (Public vs Private)
guestf5a8232
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Mental health issues during global pandemic
Mental health issues during   global pandemicMental health issues during   global pandemic
Mental health issues during global pandemic
 
Covid 19 Mental Health Impact
Covid 19 Mental Health Impact Covid 19 Mental Health Impact
Covid 19 Mental Health Impact
 
Psychological impact of covid 19
Psychological impact of covid 19Psychological impact of covid 19
Psychological impact of covid 19
 
Emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from India and Nepal
Emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from India and NepalEmotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from India and Nepal
Emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from India and Nepal
 
COVID vaccination truth & myth
COVID vaccination truth & mythCOVID vaccination truth & myth
COVID vaccination truth & myth
 
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Drug and Alcohol AbuseDrug and Alcohol Abuse
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
 
Covid 19 and mental health
Covid 19 and mental healthCovid 19 and mental health
Covid 19 and mental health
 
Mental health disorder
Mental health disorderMental health disorder
Mental health disorder
 
COVID-19
COVID-19COVID-19
COVID-19
 
COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS IN INDIA
COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS IN INDIACOVID-19 CORONAVIRUS IN INDIA
COVID-19 CORONAVIRUS IN INDIA
 
Stigma - Draw A Picture Of Mental Illness
Stigma - Draw A Picture Of Mental IllnessStigma - Draw A Picture Of Mental Illness
Stigma - Draw A Picture Of Mental Illness
 
Covid 19 (corona virus)
Covid 19 (corona virus)Covid 19 (corona virus)
Covid 19 (corona virus)
 
Gaps in mental health
Gaps in mental healthGaps in mental health
Gaps in mental health
 
Corona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation Slides
Corona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation SlidesCorona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation Slides
Corona Virus Disease 19 Powerpoint Presentation Slides
 
Mental Health and Psychosocial Disorders in the Workplace
Mental Health and Psychosocial Disorders in the WorkplaceMental Health and Psychosocial Disorders in the Workplace
Mental Health and Psychosocial Disorders in the Workplace
 
Covid -19
Covid -19Covid -19
Covid -19
 
Health care (Public vs Private)
Health care (Public vs Private)Health care (Public vs Private)
Health care (Public vs Private)
 
Mental health lecture ppt
Mental health lecture pptMental health lecture ppt
Mental health lecture ppt
 
COVID-19 reviews- By Sabnam Khatun
COVID-19 reviews- By Sabnam KhatunCOVID-19 reviews- By Sabnam Khatun
COVID-19 reviews- By Sabnam Khatun
 
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of covid 19
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of covid 19Neuropsychiatric manifestations of covid 19
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of covid 19
 

Ähnlich wie Final pp on impacts of covid on mental health webinar

Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
Université de Montréal
 
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptxImpact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
OENDRILDAS
 
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
ijtsrd
 
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
HAMIA KHAN
 
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
ijtsrd
 
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full informationUntitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
riya94051
 

Ähnlich wie Final pp on impacts of covid on mental health webinar (20)

A Study on the Effect of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College St...
A Study on the Effect of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College St...A Study on the Effect of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College St...
A Study on the Effect of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of College St...
 
2021 p los-one-open-access
2021 p los-one-open-access2021 p los-one-open-access
2021 p los-one-open-access
 
Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
Review of "A Manifesto: Healing a Violent World," RF Mollica, et al.
 
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptxImpact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
Impact of COVID 19 on mental health.pptx
 
Mental health in this Covid 19
Mental health in this Covid 19Mental health in this Covid 19
Mental health in this Covid 19
 
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
A Review on Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019
 
Journal Club presentation in Nursing Research
Journal Club presentation in Nursing ResearchJournal Club presentation in Nursing Research
Journal Club presentation in Nursing Research
 
grp ppt.pptx
grp ppt.pptxgrp ppt.pptx
grp ppt.pptx
 
Mental health care
Mental health care Mental health care
Mental health care
 
Public health emergencies
Public health emergenciesPublic health emergencies
Public health emergencies
 
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
PSYCHOLOGICALIMPACTOFCOVID-19AMONGUNIVERSITYSTUDENTSANDTHEIRCOPINGMECHANISMWI...
 
Impacts of covid19 on humanity.
Impacts of covid19 on humanity.Impacts of covid19 on humanity.
Impacts of covid19 on humanity.
 
Increasing Investment on Psycho Social Support amid Pandemic
Increasing Investment on Psycho Social Support amid PandemicIncreasing Investment on Psycho Social Support amid Pandemic
Increasing Investment on Psycho Social Support amid Pandemic
 
Mental illness. curbing the next pandemic
Mental illness. curbing the next pandemicMental illness. curbing the next pandemic
Mental illness. curbing the next pandemic
 
Theses Defense ppt
Theses Defense pptTheses Defense ppt
Theses Defense ppt
 
Research on covid 19 effects on youths
Research on covid 19 effects on youthsResearch on covid 19 effects on youths
Research on covid 19 effects on youths
 
GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF PEOPLE
GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF PEOPLEGOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF PEOPLE
GOOD HEALTH AND WELLBEING OF PEOPLE
 
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
Anxiety, Depression and Stress among General Population during Covid 19 Outbr...
 
A430108.pdf
A430108.pdfA430108.pdf
A430108.pdf
 
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full informationUntitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
Untitled.pdf introduction to covid full information
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
mahaiklolahd
 
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
chetankumar9855
 
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
 
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Gwalior Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
Manyata Tech Park ( Call Girls ) Bangalore ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy...
 
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls  * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
 
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
All Time Service Available Call Girls Marine Drive 📳 9820252231 For 18+ VIP C...
 
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
 
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
Mumbai ] (Call Girls) in Mumbai 10k @ I'm VIP Independent Escorts Girls 98333...
 
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...Top Rated  Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
Top Rated Hyderabad Call Girls Chintal ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Se...
 
Most Beautiful Call Girl in Bangalore Contact on Whatsapp
Most Beautiful Call Girl in Bangalore Contact on WhatsappMost Beautiful Call Girl in Bangalore Contact on Whatsapp
Most Beautiful Call Girl in Bangalore Contact on Whatsapp
 
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
Independent Call Girls In Jaipur { 8445551418 } ✔ ANIKA MEHTA ✔ Get High Prof...
 
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟   9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
Top Rated Bangalore Call Girls Mg Road ⟟ 9332606886 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine S...
 
Call Girls Vadodara Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Vadodara Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Vadodara Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Vadodara Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝  9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
 
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Rishikesh Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Tirupati Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Shimla Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Shimla Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Shimla Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Shimla Just Call 8617370543 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service AvailableTrichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
Trichy Call Girls Book Now 9630942363 Top Class Trichy Escort Service Available
 
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
Night 7k to 12k Navi Mumbai Call Girl Photo 👉 BOOK NOW 9833363713 👈 ♀️ night ...
 
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
 
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
VIP Service Call Girls Sindhi Colony 📳 7877925207 For 18+ VIP Call Girl At Th...
 

Final pp on impacts of covid on mental health webinar

  • 1. IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH Presented by: Sarita Neupane Little Buddha College of Health Science
  • 3. Outline of presentation ● Objective of presentation ● Overview of COVID-19 ● Introduction of Mental Health ● Effects of COVID on Mental Health ● Data of mental health during the pandemic ● WHO guidelines for Mental health ● Conclusion
  • 4. Objective of presentation ● To overview the situation of COVID -19 ● To discuss about the Mental health during the pandemic ● To discuss the National and international scenario of the impacts of COVID- 19 in Mental Health ● Education,COVID-19 and Mental Health ● Consequences of COVID-19 on Mental Health ● To explain about the WHO guidelines on Mental Health during COVID-19.
  • 5. Overview of COVID-19 ● A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in a seafood market in Wuhan City, Hubei Province in China, at the end of 2019 ● The contagious respiratory illness caused by this novel coronavirus is called coronavirus disease 2019 or, in short, COVID-19 ● From February, COVID-19 cases soared across most of Europe, the United States, Australia, Asia and on to Africa. ● Until now, the novel coronavirus continues to wreak havoc on daily life around the globe, affecting …..countries, infecting ……...and killing …….people (until……….; Worldometer, 2020
  • 7. Mental Health State of well-being in which the individual: ✔ Realizes his/her own abilities ✔ Cope with normal stress of life ✔ Can work productively and ✔ Able to make a contribution to community Mental Illness Any disease or condition that affects way a person thinks, feels, behaves and ability to relate to others and to surroundings
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Introduction ● COVID-19 pandemic is turning out to be a major stressor for most of the humanity. Never has such an event affected so many individuals all across the globe. ● The initial focus is necessarily on the physical consequences of the infection. ● There is recognition that the significant psychological consequences emerging out of this catastrophe need to be addressed. ● The mental health issues began emerging almost immediately after the WHO declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in January 2020.
  • 11. ★ There are many factors which make the healthcare providers vulnerable to mental distress such as high risk of contracting the infection, heavy workload, inadequate protection against contamination, frustration and poor social support as well as feeling of isolation from the general public. ★ A nationwide survey of China found that almost one-third of the general public have experienced certain psychological distress due to COVID-19
  • 12. Effects of COVID on Mental Health ★ The general population is also at the high risk of mental distress. ★ An online survey performed among 4872 participants from 31 provinces of China during the first week of February 2020 found that almost half, i.e. 48.3 % (95% CI: 46.9%-49.7%) of the participants had experienced depression and 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) of the participants had a certain level of anxiety, which were positively associated with frequent exposure to social media during the COVID- 19.
  • 13. Global scenario of COVID-19 prevalence with mental health status Source : Data comes from "The Impact of COVID-19 on College Student Well-being," a survey conducted by the Healthy Minds Network and the American College Health Association.
  • 16.
  • 18. Harm and types of suicide ● According to Emile Durkheim, the term suicide is applied to all cases of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim, which he/she knows will produce this result (Pickering & Walford, 2011). ● Durkheim identifies three different types of suicide which are, egoistic suicide anomic suicide fatalistic suicide.
  • 19. Egoistic suicide • Egoistic suicide is seen as stemming from the absence of social integration. It is committed by individuals who are social outcast and see themselves as being alone or an outsider. • These individuals are unable to find their own place in society and have problems adjusting to groups. They received little and no social care. Suicide is seen as a solution for them to free themselves from loneliness or excessive individuation. Anomic suicide • Anomic suicide is caused by the lack of social regulation and it occurs during high levels of stress and frustration. Anomic suicide stems from sudden and unexpected changes in situations. For example, when individuals suffer extreme financial loss, the disappointment and stress that individuals face may drive them towards committing suicide as a means of escape. Fatalistic Suicide • Fatalistic suicide occurs when individuals are kept under tight regulation. These individuals are placed under extreme rules or high expectations are set upon them, which removes a person’s sense of self or individuality. Slavery and persecution are examples of fatalistic suicide where individuals may feel that they are destined by fate to be in such conditions and choose suicide as the only means of escaping such conditions. In South Korea, celebrities are being put under strict regulations.
  • 20. Public health importance of Suicide ● The economic and human cost of suicidal behavior to individuals, families, communities and society makes suicide a serious public health problem around the world. ● Suicide is estimated to contribute more than 2% to the global burden of disease by the year 2020. ● Suicide is a multifaceted problem and hence suicide prevention programs should also be multidimensional. ● Collaboration, coordination, cooperation and commitment are needed to develop and implement a national plan, which is cost-effective, appropriate and relevant to the needs of the community. ● In Nepal, suicide prevention is more of a social and public health objective than a traditional exercise in the mental health sector.
  • 21. Status of Mental Health during COVID-19 in nepal ❏ According to the Nepal police a total 2218 people committed the sucide during nationwide lockdown. ❏ 20 people committed sucide per day during nationwide lockdown in Nepal. ❏ But the health export exclaim that the number could be higher as several sucide attempt are not reported to authority concern. ❏ Before the pandemic the number of the sucide cause was an average of 400 per month or 13 death per day. ❏ The investigation by the expert found a combination of depression, domestic violence, financial worries,and reduce access to health care service are primary cause of sucide.
  • 22. Status of Nepal during lockdown ❏ A media survey was conducted during the time of lockdown between April 23 to May 3 by Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) to study the social impact of COVID-19. ❏ Almost 50 percent of the participants reported having at least one psychosocial problem, whereas, 32 percent reported having two or more psychosocial problems ranging from restlessness, fearfulness, anxiety, worry and sadness.
  • 23. Contd... ❏ People are consuming alcohol as a coping mechanism, which has further added to the existing mental and physiological distress. This has led to numerous death accounted for alcohol poisoning and the cases of domestic violence and abuse. ❏ The Women’s Rehabilitation Center (WOREC) a national organization of Nepal recorded that, during the time of lockdown form 24 March 2020 to 9 May 2020, there have been 231 reported cases of violence against women and girls at 24 districts of Nepal . Source: ????
  • 24. ❏ The World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 estimates that the crude suicide rate for Nepal stands at 8.8 suicides per 100,000 populations. ❏ At the time of lockdown from 24 March to June 6, 2020, in 74 days of lockdown it has been estimated that the suicidal rate has been increased by 20 percent as 1,200 cases of suicide throughout the country has been reported. ❏ This illustrates almost 17 lives have been lost per day due to suicide during the period of lockdown.
  • 25.
  • 27. COVID, Education and Mental Health ❏ As of April 8, 2020, schools have been suspended nationwide in 188 countries, according to UNESCO. ❏ Over 90% of enrolled learners (1·5 billion young people) worldwide are now out of education. ❏ The UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay warned that “the global scale and speed of the current educational disruption is unparalleled”.
  • 28. Impact on a student’s mental health ❏ Students experience reduced motivation toward studies, increased pressures to learn independently, abandonment of daily routines, and potentially higher rates of dropout as direct consequences of these measures. ❏ Thus, by increasing academic stressors in a population with heightened pre-existing stress levels and a potentially reduced ability to rely on typical coping strategies – such as family who themselves may be experiencing heightened distress – the COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented mental health burden on students, which urgently requires further examination and immediate intervention.
  • 29. Virtual class and its consequences in Nepal ❏ The Government of Nepal though has decided to introduce a digital education system to continue the teaching learning process, and this has further burdened parents with the load of school fees and online internet fees. ❏ It is further stressful for parents with a low income who have to struggle for daily wages and do not have proper internet access, as it compromises the learning needs of their children. ❏ Parents have found themselves trying to educate bored, distressed children from home with marginal support from school authorities; meanwhile, children and young adults have been unable to continue the educational and social development which they would normally receive in a school setting.
  • 30.
  • 31. Phases of Mental Health Issues Mental health issues noted in biological disaster zones including COVID-19 can be classified as: Acute phase - during the outbreak ( approximately 2-6 months) Long term phase - after the control of the outbreak (>6 months )
  • 32. Phases of Mental health of COVID-19 a. Acute phase (during the outbreak): ● Issues to be dealt with include immediate mental health impacts such as ○ Fear, ○ Denial, ○ Anxiety, ○ Insomnia, ○ dissociative symptoms, ○ suicidal ideas/attempts, ○ substance withdrawal and ○ relapse of pre-existing mental health problems. b. Long -term phase(after the control of the outbreak): ● Issues commonly presenting include: ○ Grief ○ Survivors guilt ○ Depression ○ Substance use ○ Relapses of pre-existing mental illness ○ PTSD ○ Somatization disorder
  • 33. Vulnerable Population ● Children ● Senior citizens ● Pregnant women ● Person with disability ● Homeless individuals ● Poor social support and lower economic status ● Life threatening chronic medical conditions like cancer,chronic renal failure,Asthna/COPD,immuno compromised patients ● History of severe mental illness and wandering mentalli ill
  • 34. Common Stressors ➢ The rising death toll in various parts of the world is creating a sense of panic. ➢ Survival guilt among those who suffered from the illness.and might have infected others. ➢ The prospect of losing employment and sources of income facing losses and even horrific specter of closing down of the business ➢ Inability to pay room rent
  • 35. Contd…. ➢ Not being able to place food on the table daily ➢ Infodemic:the overabundance of misinformation about the Coronavirus, especially on social media ➢ Social distancing has become a major stressor for the youngsters ➢ Mental health issues surrounding food: inability to buy groceries, vegetables,fish, meat, eggs,and dairy products
  • 36. Other Mental Health problems due to COVID Anxiety Disorder Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic disorder Phobias Obsessive Compulsive Disorder(OCD)
  • 37. Anxiety disorder ● Many forms of Anxiety disorders are expected in the aftermath of COVID- 19. ● The emergence of these symptoms can occur even during lockdowns periods due to fear/anticipation of an infection. Generalized Anxiety Disorders ● It is characterized by excessive worrying and persistent free-floating anxiety
  • 38. Panic disorder ● It is characterized by recurrent unexpected attacks of severe anxiety (panic attacks) that reach a peak within a few minutes and last for a few more minutes. ● This is associated fear of having more attacks (anticipatory anxiety) of avoidance of triggers of panic attack.
  • 39. Phobias ● Most commonly certain people can excessively develop fear of crowds in the wake of COVID-19 ( DUE TO FEAR OF INFECTION). ● In certain cases,if there is excessive avoidance of crowds to the point of being housebound it is called agoraphobia. ● In all these phobic states, anxiety symptoms are triggered only in particular situations and are accompanied by strong avoidance of the situations that trigger fears.
  • 40. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) ● OCD is also expected to increase in the aftermath of COVID-19. ● To ensure that subjects reduce transmission of infection,they have been bombarded with public health message to wash repeatedly to reduce contamination. ● Subject with OCD also experience repetitive thoughts that they are contaminated(contamination obsessions) and wash repeatedly to reduce anxiety (compulsion).
  • 41. Severe Mental illness ● In individuals already suffering from such conditions, there could be a relapse or worsening. ● Common symptoms: ➢ Unexplained irritability/aggressive behaviour ➢ Talking or smiling to self ➢ Suspiciousness ➢ Hearing voices when nobody is around(hallucination) ➢ False beliefs(delusions) ➢ Poor self-care
  • 42. Effects of COVID on Mental Health
  • 43.
  • 44. Common Worries during COVID-19 Falling ill & Dying fear of being infected Mistaken by COVID 19 Avoiding to seek Health facilities Powerlessness Helplessness Boredom & Loneliness Relieving Traumatic events, Previous epidemics Fear Indecisiveness OR Problematic Behavior Cognitive Difficulties
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51. WHO guidelines for Mental Health
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 54. Conclusion ● COVID-19 pandemic is turning out to be a major cause of mental health for most of the humanity. ● Combination of depression, domestic violence, financial worries, and reduce access to health care service are primary cause of suicide during the pandemic in Nepal. ● Education and its effect on the mental health of the students have been the major problem in most of the countries. ● Stay connected with others while practicing physical distancing can be the better coping mechanism for stress.
  • 55. References My republic , Retrieved from https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/author/880 Mental Health Concern during COVID-19 Pandemic in Nepal, Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342690766_Mental_Health_Concern_during_COVID- 19_Pandemic_in_Nepal WHO guidelines on mental health, Retrived from https://www.who.int/publications/guidelines/mental_health/en/ Corona update of Nepal , Retrieved from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nepal Education,COVID-19 and Mental Health https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(20)30109-7/fulltext https://www.healtheuropa.eu/covid-19-and-mental-health-at-work-and-school/102085/