presented by Dr SARIN A.NIZAR PG RESIDENT,ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

3. • “The heritages of the past are the seeds that
bring forth the harvest of the future
Not to know what has been transacted in
former times is to continue always as a child.
If no use is made of the labors of the past
ages, the world must remain in the infancy of
knowledge. ”
- Cicero, the great Roman orator

7. Sushruta,
an ancient Indian sage is universally acknowledged
as the first dental anatomist of the world

8. • Taught dentistry scientifically at Kashi, at around 600 AD.
During which dentistry flourished scientifically all over.
• wrote the book ‘Sushruta Samhita’.
– Described treatments of diseases of the oral cavity and
emphasized the importance of tongue hygiene

9. • “Surgery is the first and the highest
division of the healing art, pure in itself,
perpetual in its applicability, a working
product of heaven and sure of fame on
earth" - Sushruta (400 B.C.)
• Sushruta (600 BC) taught and practiced
surgery on the banks of the Ganges
• His contribution:
1. Authored Susruta Samhita.
2. 120 surgical instruments
3. 300 surgical procedures
4. 650 drugs
5. Father of plastic surgery and cosmetic
surgery

10. • The Sushruta samhita was translated into Arabic
and Persian.
• Sushruta used skin flaps for repairing nose,
procedure is described in Sushruta Samhita. This
procedure was observed in India by a British
Surgeon in 1793 and published in London

11. 650 AD
Advocated extraction of
carious tooth with
specially designed
instruments.

12. Jan Steen 1626-1696
A tooth-drawer holding
up a tooth he has just
extracted on stage to try
and sell his skills;

13. Anatomists, beginning with Vesalius
(1514-1564)
1575 Ambrose Pare (the Father of Surgery)
published Complete Works. Carried information on
tooth extraction and jaw fractures

14. Pierre Fauchard in
1728 wrote a
treatise called
"The Surgeon
Dentist.”

15. • 1.Bacteria as cause of infection. Louis
Pasteur, 1822-1895
• 2. Antisepsis. Joseph Lister,1827-1912
• 3. General Anaesthesia. Horace Wells,1844
(nitrous oxide), William TG Morton,1846
(ether) and James Simpson,1846
(chloroform).
• 4.Split skin graft. Carl Thiersch, 1874
• 5. X-rays. Carl Röntgen, 1874

16. • Simon Hullen (1810-1857)after
completing medical degree was
inspired about Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery. He helped
develop many modern technique of
Maxillofacial surgery and
contributed to the establishment of
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery as a
surgical speciality in U.S. He is
considered to be the first oral
surgeon in U.S

17. • James Edmund Garretson (1829-
1895) MB DDS was a professor of Dental
college in Philadelphia.
• With his work a treatise on The Diseases
And Surgery Of Mouth Jaws And
Associated Parts first published in 1869,
helped to establish Oral & Maxillofacial
surgery in U.S
• He is known as the father of oral surgery
• He established oral surgery as a branch of
medicine and dentistry though distinct
from both

19. Truman William Brophy
1848-1928
“Oral Surgery; A Treatise on Diseases, Injuries
and Malformations of the Mouth and
Associated Parts” 1916

20. • CHALMERS J. LYONS (1874-1935)
He established principles of gentle surgery that advanced the
specialty and made extensive contributions to the oral surgery
literature.
• MATHEW H. CRYER (1840-1921)
He invented many instruments for the removal of teeth and other
surgical procedures In 1901 he established the first dental service at
the Philadelphia hospital.
• ROBERT H. IVY(1881-1974)
He was a great founder of oral surgery and plastic surgery.
“Ivy loop” for the treatment of jaw fractures

21. • The emerge of the Journals.
• The development of elective OMF surgery.
• The understanding of bone healing.
• The introduction of plate and screw fixation.
• Endosteal implants.
• The evolution of imaging techniques.
• Better understanding of the pathophysiology of
benign and malignant tumours.
• The understanding that complex treatment needs
team work (Cleft lip and palate, Head and Neck
cancer).
• Research

23. • 1960’s :Preprosthetic and orthognathic surgery.
• 1970’s : The concept of primary bone healing and
subsequently the introduction of screws and mini-
plates.
• 1980’s Introduction Ct and MRI scans
• 1980’s: Increased number of patients suffering from
oral cancer. Introduction of micro-vascular
techniques for reconstruction.
• 1980’s: The introduction of titanium implants
• 1990’s: The gradual introduction of esthetic surgery
in the armamentarium of OMF surgeons
• 1990’s Distraction osteogenesis introduced in OMF
surgery
• 2000’s: 3-D imaging, Stereolithography, Stem Cell
Therapy

24. • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is an evolving field
and development of new techniques has widened
the scope of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Today the scope of OMFS practice continues to
expand as a result of educational process that is
responsive to the changing needs of the specialty.
• Stem cell technology ,Microvascular surgery, skull
base surgery is finding a promisable scope in Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery

25. GENERAL
DENTIST
ORAL SURGEON
ORAL AND
MAXILLOFACIAL
SURGEON
CRANIO-
MAXILLOFACIAL
SURGEON

27. • Diagnosis and treatment of chronic facial pain disorders
• Dento-alveolar surgery
• Diagnosis and treatment of benign pathology, cyst tumors and head
and neck oncology
• Management of the cranio-maxillo-facial trauma ( bone, teeth, and soft
tissues ), both acute injuries and sequellae
• Preprosthetic surgery including implantology
• Surgical and non surgical management of the temporomandibular joint
disease and disorders

28. • Oncological surgery and treatment in the head and neck
area, including benign and malignant salivary gland tumours,
and management of regional lymph node stations
• Regional reconstructive surgery including harvesting of hard
and soft tissue grafts and free tissue transfer including
microsurgery
• Orthognathic/facial orthopaedic surgery and treatment
• Aesthetic/cosmetic/plastic facial surgery
• Surgery and treatment of congenital abnormalities including
clefts of the lips and palate.
• Craniofacial surgery

30. • Surgery to remove impacted teeth, difficult tooth extractions,
extractions on medically compromised patients.
• Bone grafting or preprosthetic surgery to provide better anatomy for
the placement of implants, dentures, or other dental prostheses.

32. • Mandibular fractures
• Zygomatic fractures
• Nasal bone fractures
• Le-Fort fractures
• Skull fractures
• Orbital fractures

36. • Muscle disorders
• Derangement disorders
• Degenerative disorders
• Ankylosis

39. • Rhytidectomy/facelift, browlift/blepharoplasty, otoplasty,
rhinoplasty, septoplasty.
• Cheek augmentation, chin augmentation, genioplasty, neck
liposuction, lip enhancement.
• Injectable cosmetic treatments, botox, chemical peel.

40. Is a surgical technique that transfers
individual hair follicles from a part of the
body called the 'donor site' to a balding part
of the body known as the 'recipient site'. It is
primarily used to treat male pattern
baldness. In this condition, grafts containing
hair follicles that are genetically resistant to
balding are transplanted to the bald scalp.It
is also used to restore eyelashes and
eyebrows and to fill in scars caused by
accidents or surgery such as face lifts
Dimple Creation Hair transplantation

41. N Y State Dent J. 1997 Nov;63(9):46-50.
1. Oral and maxillofacial surgery. A specialty
altered by time and circumstance.
Roberts SL
The evolution of oral and maxillofacial surgery into a specialty was aided
by international strife in the first half of the century. Today the scope of
OMS practice continues to expand as the result of an educational process
that is responsive to the changing needs of the specialty. But
understanding and acceptance of the OMS scope of practice lags behind.
Nig Q J Hosp Med. 2007 Jan-Mar;17(1):8-12.
2. Public and professional perception of oral and
maxillofacial surgery .
Adewole RA1, Akinwande JA
The figures indicate low awareness of the specialty by the
public and the professionals

42. 3. Are people aware of oral and
maxillofacial surgery in India?
Reddy K1, Adalarasan S, Mohan S, Sreenivasan P, Thangavelu A.
• This study highlights the need to promote our
speciality among the dentists, doctors and general
public. and if need be even change the name of our
speciality from oral and maxillofacial surgery to a more
simple but more easily understood facial surgery
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Volume 51, Issue 1, January 2013, Pages e4–e5
4.Lost tribe? Awareness of oral and maxillofacial
surgery (OMFS) among the general public
Shahme A. Farooka, , , , Kulraj Rihalb, Anwer Abdullakuttya, Darryl
Coombesa

44. • The training followed in most of the countries is like
• After high school candidate should do a pre med
degree (BS, BA) which will take 2-4 years
(Two years in case of full time course and four years
in case of part time course)
• Then 4 years of basic dental degree training (DMD,
BDent, DDS or BDS)
• Then 4-6 years of speciality training program i.e four
year residency program or six year residency
program
• After completing six year residency program oral and
maxillofacial surgeons are now also obtaining
fellowships with the American College of Surgeons
(FACS)

45. • Six Year Residency / Integrated MD Curriculum
The six-year integrated MD training program has been
developed to prepare the graduate dentist for an academic
and/or private practice career in Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery.
• It is an integrated clinical and didactic program designed to
meet the requirements leading to certification by the
American Board of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. The
residency program is fully approved by the Commission on
Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association.
• Following successful completion of the residency program,
the candidate will receive
1. a medical degree ,
2. a certificate of completion for one year of General
Surgery residency,
3. a specialty certificate in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

46. • 4-Year Residency Curriculum
• Four year Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery training program
encompassing the identical training as the six year integrated
program with the exception of the medical degree. This residency
program is also approved by the Commission on Dental
Accreditation.

47. • Standards of Training
In order to practice the full scope of the specialty oral and
maxillo-facial surgeons are unique in that they require
education and training in both medicine, dentistry and a
training in surgery in general and in the relevant surgery of
the specialty which should be formally recognised based on
national requirements.
The specialty training in oral & maxillo-facial surgery may be
accomplished in a number of ways. The entry point may be
either a medical degree or a dental degree.
The duration of core training for Oral and Maxillo-Facial
Surgery should be 6 years.

48. 4–6 years of further formal university training
after dental school (DDS, BDent, DMD or BDS)
Four year residency program
• Residents will be granted the speciality training
certificate in Oral & Maxillofacial surgery
Six year residency program
• Residents will be granted the speciality certificate in
addition to the medical degree

49. • Canadian training programs, are "dual-degree".
The trainees obtain a degree in medicine as
well as a specialty certificate in oral and
maxillofacial surgery.

50. • 5 years of undergraduate course in dentistry (BDS)
• 3 years of post graduation in OMFS (MDS)
• Research and specialization in micro vascular
surgery and reconstruction.
• Maxillofacial surgeons having the medical degree
can go for fellowships like FACS FORCS

52. • The IAOMS Foundation (IAOMSF) was established in September
1996 with the mission of passing on the priceless gift of
knowledge. The Foundation directly supports surgeon-to-surgeon
educational efforts led by experienced clinicians who travel from
East Africa and Asia to Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Eastern
Europe and Latin America to teach young surgeons and trainees
state-of-the art skills and procedures. The Foundation also works
to help secure donations for needed medical equipment in these
underserved areas.

53. • Asian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgeons (Asian AOMS) is a not-for-profit
professional association. Asian AOMS aims to
improve the quality and standards of the
specialty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and is
committed towards promoting academic and
clinical excellence amongst oral and maxillofacial
surgeons in the Region. Asian AOMS is affiliated
to the International Association of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgeons.

54. • The AOMSI is a registered organization and
admits qualified Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgeons as Life or Annual members. The
Association is committed to the promotion of
the specialty through its scientific
deliberations and social causes.

55. • The American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
(AAOMS), the professional organization representing more than
9,000 oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the United States,
supports its members' ability to practice their specialty through
education, research, and advocacy. AAOMS members comply with
rigorous continuing education requirements and submit to
periodic office examinations, ensuring the public that all office
procedures and personnel meet stringent national standards.

56. • EACMFS was established in 1970 by a group of
innovative European surgeons who were keen to
advance the specialty. It is has become the most
prominent and highly respected professional
group for the specialty in Europe and has a high
profile in other parts of the World.

57. • BAOMS is a registered charity, and a company
limited by guarantee, not having share capital.
The overall strategic direction of the charity is
determined by the trustees, who are assisted and
advised by the other officers and members of the
Council of the Association.

58. • Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 242–247
• Demand for Single- and Dual-Degree Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery Residency Positions
• The T. Phan, DDS, MD⁎, , ,
• Joel M. Davis, DDS†
• The proportions of single- and dual-degree OMS
residency positions and applicant preference for
a single- or dual-degree position have remained
relatively constant during the past 14 years.
Recent trends have suggested a significantly
greater demand for the single- versus dual-
degree OMS residency position.

59. • Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology
• Available online 22 July 2014
• A look at current oral and maxillofacial
surgery (OMS) training requirements in
comparison to 1994
• Talal Ranea,
• Samir Tahab, , ,
• Firas Nasser
• OMS remains a dental speciality in the majority of
countries in the world, despite earlier claims that dual
qualification is superseding single degree training fast,
with some countries having also a medical OMS
speciality with same scope of practice.

60. • J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Nov;68(11):2926; author reply 2926-7. doi:
10.1016/j.joms.2010.07.033.
• Single degree and dual degree: we are all
oral and maxillofacial surgeons.
Sharafi A.
Tex Dent J. 2004 Apr;121(4):304-9.
• The "dual degree". Does it change the scope
of practice for oral and maxillofacial surgery?
Byrne RP.

61. Oral surgery has emerged as a specialised branch of
dentistry over the course of time and has opened
new options in fields of surgery beyond basic
dentistry.
As a OMFS surgeon one can move out of oral cavity
and explore the fields of oncology, plastic surgeries,
craniofacial surgeries ,microvascular surgeries and
much more……………..