1. Mato Grosso, Brazil near the Araguaia river
This area was turned into a national park in 1939,
and so is not as ecologically damaged as other areas
of Brazil
The mountain region hosts peaks over 6,000 feet
tall, so the flooding problems from rising sea levels
and the nearby river is avoidable

2. The area is host to
fresh water springs
and the nearby
Araguaia river,
which will provide
water for drinking,
cooking and
hygiene.
The Araguaia river is also currently a popular river
to fish on

3. Food
Many crops could be
grown, including but not
limited to corn,
tomatoes, potatoes, sweet
potatoes, avocadoes,
peppers, strawberries,
peanuts, squash, beans,
pineapples, and spices.

4. Terrain Farming
Terrain
farming was
invented
during the
Incan
civilization
It is created to get maximum use of sloped land such
as mountainsides

5. Aqueducts
An aqueduct system is
designed to deliver water to
the farmland
This design would use the rain
water and transport it
downhill in a safer way so
erosion is slowed down and
the water can be directed as
needed.

6. How will we get fresh water?
We will build irrigation channels through the foothills that
siphon rainwater & melt runoff to our civilization for
collection. These will be supplemented by recharging
aquifers.
We will…
…build a community well that collects groundwater.
… use Rainwater Catchment Systems (RCS) to supplement
& dilute collected runoff.
…use Bio-Sand Filters (BSF) to filter harmful pathogens out
of our water.
…equip each household with a SOLVATTEN unit for
disinfection & storage.
…supply stores/outposts with Iodine & Chlorine solutions
for small-scale disinfection

7. Irrigation channels
Ancient irrigation channels
in the foothills of mountains
can be found in parts of
Southeast Asia, such as Nepal
and the Philippines.
The advantage to living in the
The channels will be built foothills of mountains is that we
with burnt watertight clay may use irrigation channels to
(to be harvested in the silty collect groundwater flowing down
areas of the Araguaia the mountain without
floodplains) and wood to extracting/pumping it from the
areas where we live and grow our
prevent leakage. food.

8. Recharging Aquifers
Several small ponds will be built that connect with the
channels, in order to catch rainwater and runoff to
supplement the channels when flows get low. These
will also be insulated by clay from the floodplains.

9. One Community Well
Consolidated or
rock wells are
drilled 250 feet into
rock, rather than
dug into collapsible
sand and soil.
We use one well as a community because over
construction of private wells in a disorganized
fashion would cause groundwater contamination.

10. Rainwater Catchment Systems
Water can be collected in
RCS in two ways. The tank
can be situated on the
ground (pictured right), and
rainwater will flow from the
gutters through the pipes,
through the Bio-Sand Filter,
and into the collection tank. Rainwater in RCS may be
The tank can also be placed used to drink or to mix will
on top of the dwelling, with runoff from the irrigation
a single pipe flowing out of channels to dilute any
it, through the filter. concentration contaminating
chemicals or pathogens.

11. Bio Sand Filter
The BSF is incredibly easy to
build: simply make a mold,
insert a PVC pipe as pictured,
and pour cement.
After the cement sets, insert a
thin gravel layer, a thin layer
of coarse sand, and fill the
filter halfway waith very fine
sand.
Then insert a diffuser plate on
top.

12. BSF:hits the diffuser Worksis spread
First, the water
How it plate, and
evenly on the layer fine sand.
Second, the water flows slowly through the fine
sand layer. Pathogens are killed via four processes:
Mechanical trapping: Suspended solids & pathogens are
trapped in the physical spaces between the sand grains.
Predation: Pathogens are consumed by other
microorganisms in the sand layer.
Adsorption: Pathogens become attached to each other,
furthering the process of mechanical trapping.
Natural Death: Pathogens die because there’s no
nutrients or oxygen for them to survive on in the sand.

13. SLOVATTEN Per Household
It uses sunlight to disinfect
water from disease-causing
pathogens. It serves multiple
functions: collection, heater,
disinfection and clean
storage.
SOLVATTEN is a portable
water treatment device,
developed by Solvatten AB,
a Swedish company.

14. Things we must NOT do to maintain
non-contaminated water
Deforestation: Large-scale deforesting will disrupt the
delicate ecosystem of the Araguaia River floodplains,
causing us to lose our “wash load,” or fine sediments (clay &
silt) that help us insulate our water conduits & prevent
leakage into the ground.
Open defecation: We must have designated privies in which
we bury our excrement—VERY far away from any water
system components. Otherwise, fecal coliform will
contaminate our groundwater and thus our runoff. Bad.
Rampant groundwater extraction/over construction of
wells: Or else we will kill our fertile soil and contaminate

15. Iodine and Chlorine Solutions
For small-scale purification
These solutions are
an easy way to
purify water in one’s
bottle or other small
containers. People
can carry these in
their pockets and
purchase them at
stores or outposts.

16. Run of the River Hyroelectricity
is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby
little or no water storage is provided. The
limited storage areas in these plants are
referred to as pondage. a plant without
pondage has no storage and is therefore subject
to seasonal river flows and serves as a peaking
power plant while a plant with pondage can
regulate water flow and serve as a base load
power plant.

18. Why This Works Here
Elevation of the Araras Mountains ranges from 80-
150m (260 -490 ft) above sea level. Annual rainfall
over the flood basin is between 1,000-1,500 mm (39
and 59in), with most of the rainfall occurring
between November and March.
The nearby rivers water levels rise between 2-5m
seasonally and the flood waters tend to flow slowly-
2-10cm/s (0.79 -3.9in/s) due to low gradients & high
resistance offered by dense vegetation.

19. floodplain ecosystems such as these are defined by their
seasonal inundation and desiccation. The shift between
phases of standing water and phases of dry soil, when
the water table can be well below the root region. Soils
range from high levels of sand in higher areas to higher
amounts of clay and silt in riverine areas.

20. A 3° C global temperature rise by 2100 could
increase the number of annual malaria cases
by 50-80 million.
The largest changes will occur in areas adjacent to
current risk areas, at both higher altitudes and
latitudes.
A temperature increase can convert areas that are
malaria-free into areas that experience seasonal
epidemics

21. The effects of warmer weather on malaria might be
threefold:
-Higher metabolic rates shorten gestation periods
boosting the numbers of mosquitoes as generations
hatch more frequently;
-Longer periods of warmth would allow the
mosquitoes to be active for longer;
-The metabolic rate of malaria parasites might
increase as well leading to higher parasite numbers
carried by the mosquitoes.

22. Bed nets treated with an appropriate insecticide
(ITNs), or manufactured with a long-lasting wash-
resistant insecticide preparation (LLINs) have been
highly effective in reducing malaria transmission.

23. Drastic Times, Drastic Measures
Population control will be necessary
due to limited resources.
We will be implementing a "two
child policy."
According to an article entitled "Global Swarming"
by Daniel Engber, each family would have to cut
back by one child in order to live in these changing
climate conditions. Thus we came to the conclusion
that two children are an appropriate amount to have
to help farm the land as well as maintain survival
rates.

24. Penalties for Excessive Offspring
If a family has more than two children there will be
a high tax that will have to be paid and the family
will receive no extra land nor food for the extra
children.
Each family will have to survive with the sixty acres
of land provided to them along with the roots,
vegetables, and food that they make.
Likewise, we will enforce a mandatory education on the
effects of greenhouse gases, pollution & other harmful
environmental conditions to each family and their
offspring. Everyone will be tested on the subject matter
once a year to ensure the material is being taught.