2. INTRODUCTION
Definition:
Geography is a social science. Geography is the
study of the Earth surface( mountains, deserts,
oceans, islands,…), inhabitans and the interaction of
humans and their enviroment.
Video : introduction to earth science
5. The Universe is everything we can touch, feel, sense, measure or
detect.
It includes living things, planets, stars, galaxies ...
The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each containing millions or
billions of stars, satellites and also planets.
The Earth Planet belongs to the Solar System which is located in
the Milky Way Galaxy .
Universe definition:
6. It is located in the Solar System, which belongs to the
Milky Way galaxy.
Within the Milky Way there are more than 250 Solar Systems
In our Solar System there are eight planets and five dwarf planets.
- They have different sizes and satellites revolving around.
-All the planets of the Solar System revolve around the Sun.
-The orbits on which they revolve are elliptical
The planets of the Solar System are:
Mercury Venus Earth Mars
Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
0. THE UNIVERSE
The Earth is the only known inhabited planet
7. It is thought that the Universe was created after the Big Bang
The cosmic explosion
that marked the origin
of the Universe
The Earth was formed around 4.5 billion years ago
0. THE UNIVERSE
8.
9. 2.The Earth is not a perfect sphere because it is flat at poles
4. It is representd with an imaginary axis which goes from pole to pole
3. The surface area of our planet consist of
1. PLANET EARTH
Characteristics of our planet
5. There is also an imaginary circle called Equator
70% water
30% land
Northern
Hemisphere
Southern
Hemisphere
Blue
planet
1. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun
10.
11.
12.
13. • Mild temperature(around 15ºC
average).
1.
• Liquid water
2.
• Atmosphere avoids excessive
cooling and heating It filters
the harmful solar radiations
3
Life can exist on the Earth thanks to:
14. The Earth has two kinds of movements
•The earth rotates on its
axis
It moves from west to
east
•It takes 24 hours
•Consequence:
Succession of days and
nights
•Our planet moves around
the sun (at 30 km/sec
following its elliptical orbit)
•It takes 365 days and 6h.
•Every four years : leap year
•Consequences:
a)The seasons
b)Equinoxes and solstices
c)Eclipses
2. MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH
18. b) Equinoxes and solstices
• The Sun is vertical to the
equator
• Day and night have the same
duration across the world
• There are two equinoxes
during the year:
EQUINOX
• The Sun falls vertically on
one hemisphere
• In one hemisphere is
summer and in the other is
winter.
SOLSTICE
20. 3. LINES AND GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
Imaginary lines
Parallels
• Infinites
• East- West
• They are numbered from 0º to 90º
• Parallel 0º is Equator
• Other important parallels:Tropic of Cancer,Tropic of
Capricorn, Artic Circle and Antartic Circle.
Meridians
• Infinites
• North- South
• They are numbered from 0º to 180º
• Prime meridian or 0º : Greenwich
21.
22. 3. LINES AND GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATES
Latitude and Longitude
• Distance between any point
and the Equator
• Noth –south
• Maximun value 90º
• Mesured in degrees
Latitude
• Distance betwwen any point
and Greenwich meridian
• East- West
• Maximun value 180º
• Measured in degrees
Longitude
23. TIME ZONES
There are 24
Times zones
The time uses as
a reference is
called GMT
If we move
westwards,
clocks go back
If we move
eastwards, clocks
move forward
4. TIMES ZONES
24.
25. 5. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE EARTH AND MAPS
CYLINDRICAL
• Rectangular proyection
• It represents the whole world
PLANAR
• Circular proyection
• It represents the poles and sorroundings
CONICAL
• Fan-shaped proyection
• It represents the middle latitudes
5.1 cartographic projections
26. 5.2 Maps
Map:
• Representation on a plane of
part of the Earth´s surface
Cartography:
• Art of making maps and the
science of their study
29. 5.3 Map scale
DEFINITION: Proportion between an area represented on a map and the
real size of the area.
SCALE
SIZE
SMALL
SCALE
LITLE DETAILED
LARGE
SCALE
VERY DETAILED
TWO TYPES NUMERICAL
LINEAR OR
GRAPHIC
