different types of substations

1. TOPIC:-Types of substation
SUBMITTED TO
Mr. KAMAL ARORA
SUBMITTED BY
SAPNA SHARMA
UID- K11598

2.  What is substation....?
 Types of substation
 Classification on types of substation
 Substation parts and equipment

3.  A substation is a part of an electrical generation,
transmission, and distribution system.
 Substations transform voltage from high to low,
or the reverse, or perform any of several other
important functions.
 The first substations were connected to only one
power station

4. 1. Transmission substation
2. Distribution substation
3. Collector substation
4. Converter substations
5. Switching station
6. Railways

5.  A transmission substation connects two or more
transmission lines.The simplest case is where all
transmission lines have the same voltage.
 Transmission substations can range from simple
to complex.
 The largest transmission substations can cover a
large area with multiple voltage levels, many
circuit breakers .

6.  A distribution substation transfers power from
the transmission system to the distribution
system of an area.
 The input for a distribution substation is typically
at least two transmission or sub transmission
lines.

7.  In distributed generation projects such as a wind
farm, a collector substation may be required.
 Collector substations also exist where multiple
thermal or hydroelectric power plants of comparable
output power are in proximity.
 Examples for such substations are Brauweiler in
Germany and Hradec in the Czech Republic, where
power is collected from nearby lignite-fired power
plants. If no transformers are required for increase of
voltage to transmission level, the substation is a
switching station.

8.  Converter substations may be associated with
HVDC converter plants, traction current, or
interconnected non-synchronous networks.
 These stations contain power electronic devices
to change the frequency of current, or else
convert from alternating to direct current or the
reverse.

9.  A switching station is a substation without
transformers and operating only at a single
voltage level.
 Switching stations are sometimes used as
collector and distribution stations.
 A switching station may also be known as a
switchyard,The function of the switching station
is to isolate the faulted portion of the system in
the shortest possible time.

10.  Electrified railways also use substations, often
distribution substations.
 In some cases a conversion of the current type
takes place, commonly with rectifiers for direct
current (DC) trains, or rotary converters for trains
using alternating current (AC) at frequencies other
than that of the public grid.
 Sometimes they are also transmission substations
or collector substations if the railway network
also operates its own grid and generators.

11. The substations can be classified in several ways including
the following:
1 Classification based on voltage levels
A.C. Substation : EHV, HV, MV, LV; HVDC Substation.
2 Classification based on Outdoor or Indoor
Outdoor substation is under open skv. Indoor substation is
inside a building.
3 Classification based on configuration
Conventional Air insulated outdoor substation or
SF6 Gas Insulated Substation (GIS)
Composite substations having combination of the above
two

12. Step Up Substation – Associated with generating station
as the generating voltage is low.
Primary Grid Substation – Created at suitable load centre
along primary transmission lines.
Secondary Substation – Along secondary transmission
line.
Distribution Substation – Created where the transmission
line voltage is step down to supply voltage.
Bulk supply and industrial substation – Similar to
distribution sub-station but created separately for each
consumer.
Mining Substation – Needs special design consideration
because of extra precaution for safety needed in the
operation of electric supply.
Mobile Substation – Temporary requirement.

13. 1 Outdoor Switchyard
-incoming Lines
-Outgoing Lines
-Bus bar
-Transformers
-Bus post insulator & string insulators
-Substation Equipment such as circuit-beakers,
isolators, earthing switches, surge arresters, CTs,
VTs, neutral grounding equipment.

14. Administrative building
Conference room etc.
3. Switchgear and Control Panel Building
Low voltage a.c. Switchgear
Control Panels, Protection Panels
4 . Battery Room and D.C.
Distribution System
D.C. Battery system and charging equipment
D.C. distribution system

15. -Fire fighting system
-Diesel Generator (D.G.) Set
-Oil purification system