Basics of Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Various types of HVAC systems, Career opportunities and study material for learning HVACR

2. Presented By –
Mr. Santosh M. Indulkar

3. CONTENT -
Introduction to HVAC/R Systems
Functions of HVAC
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
Types of HVAC Systems
Applications of HVAC/R
Career Opportunities & Growth
Study References & Resources

4. WHAT IS HVAC/R?
H - Heating
V – Ventilation
AC – Air Conditioning
R – Refrigeration

5. Heating
 Is the process of generating heat used to worm the
space air.
 Heating is achieved via -
 Boiler
 Furnace
 Electricity
 Heat pump
 Heating is required to maintain the desired
temperature in colder climatic conditions.

6. Ventilation
 Ventilation is the process of changing or
replacing air in any space/building.
 It required to remove any combination
of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust,
airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide and
to replenish oxygen.
 Ventilation includes both the exchange
of air with the outside air as well as
circulation of air within the space.
 Two types – Natural ventilation &
Mechanical/forced ventilation.

7. Air Conditioning
 It is process of maintaining constant indoor air
parameters like temperature, humidity and movement
for human comfort.
 It also works to remove dirt & dust from the air, which
feels us more comfortable at work or home.
 Dry Bulb Temp. = 24.4 °C
 Relative Humidity = 50 %

8. Refrigeration
 It is the process of lowering the temperature of a
substance less than that of its surroundings.

9. 2. Humidity
1. Temperature
5. Pressurization
4. Air Quality
Functions of HVAC

10. P
h
AD
C B

11. Types of Air Conditioning Systems
Air Conditioning
Non-Ductable
Window A/C
Split A/C
Floor
Mounted
Wall
Mounted
Ceiling
Mounted
Ductable
Packaged
A/C
Air Cooled
Water
Cooled
Central A/C
Dx system
Chilled Water
System

12. Conti…
1. Window A/C
2. Split A/C
3. Package A/C
4. VRV/VRF A/C
5. Central Air Conditioning system

13. Window A/C
 These are one of the most commonly used and
cheapest type of air conditioners.
 To install these units, you need the space simply in
a window or a slot in the wall.
 Window air-conditioner units are reliable and
simple-to-install solution to keep a room cool.
 Better yet, when the summer heat dies down, these
units can be easily removed for storage, and we
can use the window for other purpose.

15. Split A/C
 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts:
1. Outdoor unit
2. Indoor unit
 The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses. It consists
components like the compressor, condenser and expansion
valve.
 The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and
the cooling fan. For this unit you don‟t have to make any slot in
the wall of the room.
 Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and
add to the beauty of the room.

16. Working….

17. Package A/C
 The window and split a/c‟s are usually used for the
small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.
 The central air conditioning systems are used for
where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons.
 The packaged air conditioners are used for the
cooling capacities in between these two extremes.
 The packaged air conditioners are available in the
fixed rated capacities of 3,5, 7, 10 and 15 tons.
 These units are used commonly in places like
restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls,
etc.

19. VRV/VRF A/C
 VRV/VRF stands for “Variable Refrigerant
Volume/ Variable Refrigerant Flow”.
 This technology is invented by a Japanese company
named „Daikin‟ in 1982. Hence the name “VRV” is
trademark of Daikin, so other company are calling
this technology as “VRF”.
 Both the things are same but only their name is
different.

20. Conti…..
 In a VRV/VRF system, multiple indoor fan coil units
are connected to one single outdoor condensing unit.
 In this technology cooling/heating is adjusted by
adjusting refrigerant flow and which is achieved by
changing the speed of compressor.
 This system is equipped with enhanced features like
Inverter drive compressor, Pulse modulating
electronic expansion valves and distributed controls.
 Front running Air conditioning companies in INDIA are
– Daikin, Blue Star, Voltas, LG, Samsung, Mistubishi
& Carrier(Toshiba & Midea).

21. Types of VRV/VRF Systems

22. Cooling Only Systems
 Those systems can used only for cooling purpose.
 Heating is not available is such system.

23. Heat Pump Systems
 In this systems heating & cooling both possible in all of the
indoor units but not simultaneously. All the indoor units can either
heat or cool at a time.
 When the indoor units are in the cooling mode, they act as
evaporators; when they are in the heating mode, they act as
condensers.
 These are also know as Two-pipe systems.

24. Heat Recovery Systems
 In this type of system cooling and heating both
possible at the same time.
 This is also called as Three pipe system.

25. Central A/C Systems
 Central air conditioning systems are used when
large buildings, Hotels, airports, Shopping malls etc.
are to be air conditioned completely.
The air is directly circulated
over cooling coil which consist
of low temp refrigerant
The air is circulated over a
coil which consist of chilled
water or brine(i.e. Secondary
Refrigerant)
1. Direct Expansion
(DX) System
2. Chilled Water
System

26. The Five System Loops
Air Side
Chilled Water
Refrigeration
Heat Rejection
Control

27. 1. Air-Side Loop

28. Cooling Load Components

29. Supply Fan & Filters

30. Cooling coil

31. Chilled-Water Cooling Coil

32. Fan Coil Unit & Air Handling Unit
Fan Coil Unit
Air Handling Unit

33. Supply Air Distribution System

34. Ceiling Plenum Return

35. 2. Chilled Water Loop

36. Evaporator

37. Shell & Tube Type Evaporator

38. Pump & Control Valves

39. 2-Way & 3-Way Control Valve

40. 3. Refrigeration Loop

41. Compressor

42. Reciprocating
Centrifugal
Helical Rotary (Screw)
Scroll

43. Condenser

44. Types of Condensers

45. Expansion Valve

46. Helical Rotary Screw Chiller

47. 5. Heat Rejection Loop

48. Cooling Tower

49. Pump & Control Valve

50. Cooling Tower & Water Chiller

51. 5. Control Loop

52. Working…..

53. Applications of HVAC/R
Restaurants Hotels
Educational institutes
Offices
IT Company & Buildings Tool Rooms

54. Conti….
Clean Rooms & Pharma Indu.
Cold Storages Residential Buildings
Shopping Malls
Hospitals

55. Career Opportunities & Growth

56. Research &
Development
DEPARTMENTS
Service &
Maintenance
Production &
Manufacturing
Sales &
Marketing
Design &
Project

57. Study References & Resources
 https://nptel.ac.in/
 https://boilersinfo.com/
 http://choose.danfoss.com/danfoss-learning/
 https://www.youtube.com/user/mrgirish1982
(Girish Shinde)
 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxUCuXV
L9tGlPapwkTMicBw (B-Ten Air Cool Services)
 http://www.ishrae.in/ (Acrex INDIA Exhibition)