Hazardous waste Management

1. HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Sanketh.K

2. SUMMARY
• Introduction
• Types of Hazardous Waste
• Categories
• Transport of Hazardous Waste
• Storage of Hazardous Waste
• Treatment
• Remedial Actions
• Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
• Hazardous waste disposal is a challenge for many businesses and
industries. Almost every medium to large scale industry generates
hazardous waste. From pharmaceutical waste in the medical industry to
heavy metals and cyanide waste in the metal manufacturing industry, and
acids, bases, radioactive waste or organic constituents in the chemical
industry, the production of hazardous waste is inescapable.
• Equally, the need for efficient hazardous waste management (HWM) and
disposal is also paramount in order to minimize the risks to lives and the
environment.

4. INTRODUCTION
• Industrial development is playing a pivotal role in India for its economic
growth and employment potential. So also Industrialization and generation
of Hazardous waste are inevitable scenarios. More thrust is on
maximization of production and recovery and minimal disposal. Certain
specific sectors of industries which are predominant in India such as
petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, fertilizers, textiles and general
engineering produce majority of hazardous wastes.
• The Government of India has promulgated the Hazardous Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules [HW (M&H)] in 1989 through the
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) under the aegis of
Environment (Protection) Act [E(P) Act], 1986. Under the HW (M&H)
Rules, the hazardous wastes are divided into 18 categories.

5. TYPES OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
 Corrosive, or something
that can rust or decompose
 Ignitable, or something
flammable
 Reactive, or something
explosive
 Toxic, or something
poisonous

6. CATEGORIES
Plants that produce corrosive, ignitable, reactive or toxic hazardous waste
are called hazardous waste generators. According to the EPA(Environment
Protection Agency), they are categorized as follows:
• Very Small Quantity Generators (VSQGs)- generate 100 kilograms or
less per month of hazardous waste or 1 kilogram or less per month of
acutely hazardous waste.
• Small Quantity Generators (SQGs)- generate between 100 kilograms to
1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste per month.
• Large Quantity Generators (LQGs)- generate 1,000 kilograms per month
or more of hazardous waste or more than 1 kilogram per month of acutely
hazardous waste

7. TRANSPORT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• Hazardous waste generated at a particular site often requires transport to an
approved treatment, storage, or disposal facility (TSDF). Because of
potential threats to public safety and the environment, transport is given
special attention by governmental agencies. In addition to the occasional
accidental spill, hazardous waste has, in the past, been intentionally spilled
or abandoned at random locations in a practice known as “midnight
dumping.” This practice has been greatly curtailed by the enactment of
laws that require proper labeling, transport, and tracking of all hazardous
wastes.

8. TRANSPORT

9. TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE OF HW:
• The CRADLE TO GRAVE concept
• HW generated at source requires movement by trucks to further.
• Requires serious care & attention while moving
• HW to be properly packed & labeled for transport to ensure safe handling
• Storage facilities are used to store waste temporarily before treatment &
disposal.

10. TRANSPORT VEHICLES
• Hazardous waste is generally transported by truck over public highways.
Only a very small amount is transported by rail, and almost none is moved
by air or inland waterway. Highway shipment is the most common because
road vehicles can gain access to most industrial sites and approved
TSDFs(Treatment Storage Disposal Facilities). Railroad trains require
expensive siding facilities and are suitable only for very large waste
shipments.
• Hazardous wastes can be shipped in tank trucks made of steel or aluminum
alloy, with capacities up to about 34,000 liters (9,000 gallons). They also
can be containerized and shipped in 200-litre (55-gallon) drums.
Specifications and standards for cargo tank trucks and shipping containers
are included in governmental regulations.

11. STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS AND OTHER
WASTES
• The occupiers of facilities may store the hazardous and other wastes for a period
not exceeding Ninety Days and shall maintain a record of sale, transfer, storage,
recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing and utilization of such wastes
and make these records available for inspection: Provided that the State Pollution
Control Board may extend the said period of ninety days in following cases,
namely:-
• Small generators (up to ten tons per annum) up to one hundred and eighty days of
their annual capacity;
• Actual users and disposal facility operators up to one hundred and eighty days of
their annual capacity,
• Occupiers who do not have access to any treatment, storage, disposal facility in the
concerned State;
• The waste which needs to be specifically stored for development of a process for its
recycling, recovery, pre-processing, co-processing or utilization;
• In any other case, on justifiable grounds up to one hundred and eighty days.

12. STORAGE SITE REQUIREMENT
• Impermeable base material
• Leak and spill containment
• Protection from climate
• Good ventilation
• Limit height of stacked containers
• Eye wash station
• Provide drainage system or elevate
• Adsorbent material for spills or Spill control arrangement
• Re-packaging area & material
• Comply with regulations

13. FOUR METHODS OF PROPER DISPOSAL
1) Segregation
• Glass, plastics, building materials and waste from site work could take
many years to decompose. This is the reason waste separation using
container units is necessary. As a leading provider of skip bins, we can help
you with proper segregation so you can maintain green practices..
2) Landfill
• One of the most popularly used methods of waste disposal, Australians
have a strong dependence on landfills. This process buries the waste in the
land, but there is more to it. When it comes to proper landfill management,
it is important to sort out all the waste first and send only the waste that you
cannot recycle or compost. There is also a method that eliminates the odour
and dangers of rubbish before placing them on the ground.

14. FOUR METHODS OF PROPER DISPOSAL
3) Composting
• This process turns waste into organic compounds, which you can use to
feed plants. Once you have identified and evaluated the waste, you can
achieve composting through the use of skip bins. Though this method of
waste disposal can take lots of space, you can turn unsafe organic products
into safe compost.
4) Recycling
• Instead of disposing materials and other wastes, it could be better if your
company practice recovery and recycling. This process aims to make
unwanted items turn into useful ones. By knowing what you can recycle
and how you can recover valuable resources, you can be a huge part of
helping the country achieve a positive environmental future.

15. TREATMENT
• Physical Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
This includes processes that separate components of a waste stream or change the physical
form of the waste without altering the chemical structure of the constituent materials. Physical
treatment techniques are often used to separate the materials within the waste stream so that
they can be reused or detoxified by chemical or biological treatment or destroyed by high-
temperature incineration.
• Chemical Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
Chemical treatment processes alter the chemical structure of the constituents of the waste to
produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. Chemical processes are attractive
because they produce minimal air emissions, they can often be carried out on the site of the
waste generator, and some processes can be designed and constructed as mobile units.
• Biological Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
Biological waste treatment is a generic term applied to processes that use micro-organisms to
decompose organic wastes either into water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganic substances,
or into simpler organic substances, such as aldehydes and acids.

16. REMEDIAL ACTION
• Disposal of hazardous waste in unlined pits, ponds, or lagoons poses a threat to
human health and environmental quality. Many such uncontrolled disposal sites
were used in the past and have been abandoned. Depending on a determination of
the level of risk, it may be necessary to remediate those sites. In some cases, the
risk may require emergency action. In other instances, engineering studies may be
required to assess the situation thoroughly before remedial action is undertaken.
• Develop an adequate infrastructure for the proper treatment and disposal of
Hazardous waste.
• Give urgent attention to reducing the generation of solid waste at source through
mandatory standards and regulations, fee tax incentives, education and voluntary
compliance.
• Develop technologies for waste collection and disposal in order to ensure proper
solid-waste management.
• Government standards must be set up not only for disposal of waste on land but
also for cleaning up contaminated soils and groundwater.

17. CONCLUSION
“On the basis of above study it is recommended that Hazardous wastes are
potential sources of pollution for our environment. They should produced
in as little quantities as possible. The laws and regulations formulated for
the treatment and Disposal of Hazardous waste should be strictly
implemented they should be recycled or treated properly and if they are non
degradable, then disposed in a way that they do cause any damage to our
health and environment”

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19. THANK YOU