Foot and Mouth out break of cattle in Attanagalla, SriLanka in 2008

1. Foot and mouth outbreak
Veterinary Range
Attanagalla
Sri Lanka
1Dr Sanjika Perera

2. A brief introduction of Foot and mouth disease
2Dr Sanjika Perera

3. • FMD is a highly contagious disease
sometimes fatal.
• In cloven footed animals including
cattle buffalo, sheep goat and pigs.
• Also in wild animals such as deer
antelopes and bison
• Elephants and hedgehogs are
susceptible too.
3Dr Sanjika Perera

4. • In laboratory conditions mice and
rats even chickens can be infected
• Other animals including humans dogs
and wolves play a major role in
spreading the disease.
4Dr Sanjika Perera

5. • in 1897 Friedrich Loeffler
established the fact that it ia cause
by a virus.
• Occurred through out the world
Specially in Asia Africa and south
America.
• Some countries free from it such as
North America, Australia and new
Zealand.
• European union has stopped the
History
5Dr Sanjika Perera

6. • 2001- a serious outbreak in Britain
resulted in postpone of general
elections and major sporting events.
• 2007 again in England
• 2010 in Japan.
• Total number of 270000 cattle
slaughtered
6Dr Sanjika Perera

7. • Causative agent Aphthovirus in family
Picornaviridae RNA virus
• There are seven serotypes:
O,A,C,SAT-1,SAT-2,SAT-3, and ASIA
-1
O is most common and others show
regionality
7Dr Sanjika Perera

8. o
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s
8Dr Sanjika Perera

9. Clinical signs
• Incubation period 2-12 days
• Characteristic by high fever
• foaming or stringy saliva- drooling saliva
due to blisters.
• Lameness due to rupture of blisters in the
feet causing lameness.
• In adult weight loss, decreased milk yield
swollen testicles can be noted.
• May lead to myocarditis and death
especially in the calves.
• Some are symptomatic –but act as carries.
9Dr Sanjika Perera

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13. Same animal as above with four day old lesions
13Dr Sanjika Perera

14. Steers foot
14Dr Sanjika Perera

15. Transmission
• Close contact –animal to animal
• Long distance-by aerosols
• Fomite and inanimate objects fodder and
vehicles
• Clothes and skin of animal handles,
farmers standing water uncooked feed
supplements containing infected animal
products.
• And cows can catch it through semen of
infected bulls. 15Dr Sanjika Perera

16. Prevention.
• Vaccination
• Seven serotypes
• Like other viruses FMD virus continuously
evolves and mutates.
• No cross protection
• Even within serotype there are different
strains.
• Vaccine should be highly specific for the
strain involved.
• But vaccination only provides a temporary
immunity that 16Dr Sanjika Perera

17. Categorization of the
countries according to oie
regarding FMD status.
• FMD present with or without
vaccination
• FMD –free with vaccination
• FMD –free without vaccination
• Important
• Countries with FMD free without
vaccination status have greater
access to export market.
17Dr Sanjika Perera

18. FMD outbreak in the
Attanagalla vs range.2008
• Case history
Farmers name and address Mr.Danie
Shantha, Nagoda Urapola.
Size of the herd.4 cows.
Complain :anorexic lethargic animal
with lameness.
18Dr Sanjika Perera

19. • Clinical examination revealed lesions
in buccal mucosa and the hooves in all
four animals,
19Dr Sanjika Perera

20. Attanagalla Veterinary
Range
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27. Source of infection
• The infected animals said to be in
close contact with an bull with a
lameness which was released to
Attanagalla Rajamaha Vihara. This
was not a established fact.
27Dr Sanjika Perera

28. Spread of the disease
After the initial outbreak in Nagoda on
04th January 2008.
Four infected cattle found in Kattota
area on 5th January 2008. on the
same day 5 animals found to be
infected in the Mangalathiriya area.
28Dr Sanjika Perera

29. confirmation
• After the initial sample collection by VIO
Welisara blood was collected by VRO, VRI
• Antibodies of serum sample were detected
by using ELISA Kit.
• Viral detection kit was not available.
• FMD virus is found to be O serotype
strain.
29Dr Sanjika Perera

30. Disease control
• Ring vaccination started immediately
• Vaccination done from 5th 0f January
2008 to 10th January 2008
continuously.
• 981 animals were vaccinated including
cattle pigs and goats.
30Dr Sanjika Perera

31. • No new cases were reported after
5th January 2008.
• Sent weekly reports (nil) for seven
weeks
31Dr Sanjika Perera

32. Discussion
• Spread of disease is curtailed by
• the prompt diagnosis of the disease with
the help of vio Welisara.
• And vaccination of all the animals who are
not vaccinated recently irrespective of
state of the animal ( eg.Pregnant animals )
• Rapid and prompt vaccination by the staff
within very short period of time just used
only seven days.
32Dr Sanjika Perera

33. • Though the FMD is a major disease in
domesticated farm animal in Sri Lanka,
very few research papers published and
very few studies done on the subject.
• the economic impact of the FMD is not
studied thoroughly.
• The transmission of the disease is not
established convincingly.
33Dr Sanjika Perera

34. Thank you
34Dr Sanjika Perera