Research Approaches by Dr. Sundeep Kumar Shrivsa

1. by
Dr. Sundeep Kumar Shrivas
Assistant Professor (B.Ed.)
Prof. H. N. Misra College of Education, Kanpur

2. Research approaches
(a) Qualitative Research,
(b) Quantitative Research, and
(c) Mixed methods Research

3. 1. Qualitative research….
Qualitative research is an approach for exploring and
understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a
social or human problem. The process of research involves
emerging questions and procedures, data typically collected in
the participant’s setting, data analysis inductively building from
particulars to general themes, and the researcher making
interpretations of the meaning of the data.

4. 2. Qualitative research….
Quantitative Research is used to quantify the
problem by way of generating numerical data or data that
can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to
quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined
variables – and generalize results from a larger sample
population. Quantitative Research uses measurable data to
formulate facts and uncover patterns in research.

5. 3. Mixed methods research
Mixed methods research is an approach to inquiry
involving collecting both quantitative and qualitative data,
integrating the two forms of data, and using distinct designs
that may involve philosophical assumptions and theoretical
frameworks. The core assumption of this form of inquiry is that
the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches
provides a more complete understanding of a research problem
than either approach alone.

6. Quantitative research V/s Qualitative research
Quantitative research is a deductive ,objective process
of inquiry where the variables in study are measured in
numbers and analyzed using statistical procedures in order
to describe or make generalizations and reported in formal,
impersonal language
Qualitative research is an inductive, subjective process
of inquiry done in natural setting in order to build a
complex, holistic picture , described in words, including
the detailed views of the informants are reported in
informal, personal language.

7. QUALITATIVE
 Multiple realities
 Small sample
 Reality is socially constructed
 Reality is context interrelated
 Holistic
 Uses multiple methods that are interactive
and humanistic
 Strong philosophical Perspective
 Reasoning is inductive
 Discovery of meaning is the basis of
knowledge
QUANTITATIVE
 Single reality
 Large sample
 Reality is objective
 Reality is context free
 Reductionist
 Observes and measures information
numerically
 Strong theoretical base
 Reasoning is deductive and inductive
 Cause-and-effect relationships are the bases
of knowledge

8. QUALITATIVE
 Develops theory/ New Knowledge
 Takes place in the natural setting than
Develops theory/ New Knowledge
 Theory developed during study
 Meaning of concepts
 Process oriented
 Control unimportant
 Basic element of analysis is words
 Relates variables
 Less Generalization
 Statistical Based
QUANTITATIVE
 Tests theory
 Tests or verifies theories or explanations
 Theory developed in end
 Measurement of variables
 Outcome oriented
 Control important
 Basic element of analysis is numbers
 Researcher views social
 More Generalization
 Description Based

9. When to Use Qualitative Quantitative?
Methods

10. Qualitative Research Type/Method
1. Phenomenological Research
2. Grounded Theory
3. Ethnography
4. Case Study
5. Heuristic method
6. Content Analysis

11. Quantitative Research Type/Method
1. Corelational Research
2. Experimental Research
3. Survay Research
4. Causal-Comparative Research

12. Thank You