4.  A greenstick fracture is a fracture in a
young, soft bone in which the bone
bends and partially breaks. The bones
become harder(calcified) and more
brittle with age, it occurs almost
exclusively during infancy and
childhood when their bones are soft.
The name is by analogy with green
wood which similarly breaks on the
outside when bent.

5. 3 BASIC FORMS
•TRANSVERSE FRACTION occurs in the cortex, extends
into the midportion of the bone and becomes oriented
along the longitudinal axis of the bone without
disrupting the opposite cortex.
•TORUS or BUCKLING FRACTURE caused by
impaction.
•BOW FRACTURE in which the bone becomes curved
along its longitudinal axis.

7.  A spiral fracture is a type of bone fracture
which is caused by a twisting force. You may
also hear spiral fractures referred to as torsion
fractures, in a reference to the forces involved
to create a spiral fracture. Because the break is
helical, it can be difficult to treat a spiral
fracture, involving months in a cast and
possible surgery, depending on the location of
the break, the general health of the individual,
and the specific circumstances involved in a
fracture.

9.  A comminuted fracture is a splintered or
fragmented break in the continuity of bone or
cartilage. The fracture site consists of multiple
pieces of bone, which can be small or large,
grouped together or displaced within the
traumatized tissue.

11.  A transverse fracture is a fracture in
which the line of break forms a right
angle with the axis of the bone.

13.  An open fracture, also called a compound
fracture, is an injury that occurs when there is a
break in the skin around a broken bone. In
order for an injury to be classified as a
compound fracture, the outside air (and dirt
and bacteria) must be able to get to the fracture
site without a barrier of skin or soft-tissue.
Therefore, a bone does not need to be through
the skin in order for the injury to be called a
compound fracture.