ANEMIA

1. ANAEMIA
PRESENTATION :-Dr.Sandhya Sahu MD(HMM)
Reader:-RKCHMS COLLEGE .BHOPAL
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3. what is anemia?
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4. Greek word anaimia, meaning lack of blood
Defination:- Reduction in circulating RBC mass/a
decrease in number of red blood cells (RBCs) or less than
the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood.
Anemia from the Greek word ( ναιμία)(an-haîma)
meaning "without blood", is a deficiency of red
blood cells (RBCs) and/or hemoglobin.
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5. RBC CARRY THE OXYGEN IN WITH IN THE BLOOD
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6. DEFINTION OF ANEMIA
RBC CELL
Definition Men •Hb < 13.5 gm/100ml
Women •Hb < 12.0 gm/100ml
Reduction in total circulating RBC
mass
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7. shall we learn some basic about our red blood cell
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8. RED BLOOD CELL
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9. N0 8........Red blood cell cytoplasm is rich in Hb mature red blood cells are
flexible biconcave disks that lack a cell nucleus 2.4 million new erythrocytes are
produced per second. develop in the bone marrow and circulate for about 100–
120 days in the body before their components are recycled by macrophages
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10. RBC
• RBC women have about 4 to 5 million erythrocytes per
microliter (cubic millimeter) of blood and men about 5 to 6
million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen
tension will have more Each RBC contains approx. 270
million of Hb biomolecules, each carrying 4 heme groups.
RBCs of an average adult human male store collectively
about 2.5 grams of iron, representing about 65% of the
total iron contained in the body
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11. Erythrocytes parameters
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14. Just for GK…….. Do u know????
The only known vertebrates without RBC are the
crocodile icefishes . They live in very oxygen
rich cold water and transport oxygen freely
dissolved in their blood.
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16. Normal Hb/ Abnormal Hb
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17. Anemia classification
Based on general mechanisms
Morphological classification
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18. ANEMIA MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
MICROCYTIC ANEMIA
NORMOCYTIC ANEMIA
MACROCYTIC ANEMIA
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19. What are different types of anemia?
–Microcytic (MCV – mean corpuscle volume <80) – small
RBC
• - Normocytic (MCV = 80-100) – normal size RBC
• - Macrocytic (MCV > 100) – big RBC
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20. MORPHOLOGCAL CLASSIFICATION
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21. How to classify anemias on the basis
of etiology and RBC parameters:
1.) Decreased production
vs. RBC loss (increased destruction
or bleeding)
2.) RBC Size:
Macrocytic vs. microcytic vs. normocytic5/24/2018 21

22. cnt....
• 3.) Hemoglobin Content:
• Hypochromic vs. normochromic
• 4.) Shape: Normal or abnormal
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23. NORMAL RBC
PERIPHERAL SMEAR
NORMAL RBC
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24. MORPHOLOGY OF CELL
MORPHOLOGY
MICROCYTIC ANEMIA
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25. RBC MORPHOLOGY
RBC MORPHOLOGY
MACROCYTIC ANEMIA
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26. How is anemia measured?
Hb, Hct and RBC count (total RBC mass difficult to
measure)
All of these measures are concentration dependent so
have problems. Ex – in pregnancy, blood volume
increases making Hb and Hct concentration low even
though total amount might be same. Immediately
after gunshot wound and blood loss, Hb and Hct
concentration might be normal even though pt might
have lost lots of blood.5/24/2018 26

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28. Anemia is actually a sign of a disease process rather
than a disease itself
• CAUESES
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30. GENERAL MECHANISM OF ANEMIA
 Rbc loss without Rbc destruction
 Deficinent Rbc production
 Marrow faliure
 increased Rbc desctruction over production:
HEMOLYSIS
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31. CAUSES
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34. What is pathophysiology of microcytic anemia?
Main problem in microcytic anemia is decreased
production of Hb
RBC is produced from subsequent division of
erythroblast (EB). During Hb deficiency, EB divides too
much. As a result, RBCs become small and microcytic
anemia occurs. If erythroblast doesn’t divide
enough, macrocytic anemia occurs.
Think that by dividing extra, RBC surface area exposed
to blood increases and it can carry more O2 – not
correct idea but works for thinking
 Normal RBC size is equal to size of nucleus of

35. Normal RBC size is equal to size of nucleus of
lymphocyte. Notice that multiple
RBC are smaller than that. Also notice variability in size
of RBC and increased pallor in center of RBC
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36. What is hemoglobin made up of?
- Hemoglobin = heme + globin (protein).
- Heme = Iron + protoprophyrin.
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37. What are etiologies of microcytic anemia (Hb deficiency)?
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What are
etiologies of
microcytic
anemia (Hb
deficiency)?TYPES
Fe deficiency
Anemia of chronic
state
Cideroblastic anemia
– protoprophyrin
deficiency
- Thalessemia –
decreased production
of globin