different teaching methods to apply in classrooms, their merits and demerits.

3. TEACHING
METHODOLOGY
PRESENTER
Samina Khan
FDC Risalpur

4. outline
O Teaching
O Method
O Teaching methods of Holy Prophet(PBUH)
O Teaching methodology
O How we learn/learnt

5. O Teaching methods
O Discussion
O Demonstration
O Brain storming
O Visual aids
O Video tape
O Role play
O Field method
O Oral teaching
O Cooperative
O Class Debate
O Activities

6. What is Teaching?

7. O Teaching is the art and science
of helping others to grow in their
knowledge and understanding.
O Teaching is holding the hand of
a young one and saying it's going
to be OK.
O Process of inculcating moral
values, abilities and skills

8. O sharing of knowledge and
experience, which is usually
organized within a discipline.
O It is a purposeful activity of
influencing the thinking and
habits of others.

9. Method
O Method is a cluster of
procedures utilized in a situation.
O Method is a set of techniques,
based on a course of study,
which uses certain type of
materials.
O It is an overall plan to do
something

10. Teaching Methods of the
Holy Prophet (PBUH)

11. O As a model in human
relationships, the methods that
the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
used in spreading his cause and
mission will prove to be effective
if we can apply them successfully
in our own educational activities.

12. O Repetition and enforcement
O Memorization
O Examples
O Presentation
O Questions and description
O Exploration and description
O Dialogue
O Discussion
These are:

13. O Story telling
O Action and Imitation
O Demonstration
O Use of intellect
O Problem solving
O Individualization
O Motivation

14. O Preaching and reminding
OPractice
O Dictation
OQuestioning
O Persuasion and discouragement
ODebate

15. O Drawing and demonstration
O Similarities and contrast
O Indication and physical
movements
O Competition
O Experimentation and observation

16. “A thousand teachers, a
thousand methods.”
-Chinese Proverb

17. Teaching Methodology
O What is more important than
what we teach in education is
how we teach it.
O we have to teach good and
useful things to people and
youth, but this must be done in
effective ways.

18. Cont…
O The principles and methods of
instruction used by a teacher to
process a LESSON.
O It is a systematic way of doing
something. It implies an orderly
logical arrangement of steps. It is
more procedural.

19. How we learn/learnt…
When we were students…
And now…are we still learning or
just teaching?

20. The old way of learning, was knowing
what you should know.

21. Now the way of learning is knowing what
you don't know, not feeling bad about it,
and knowing how to find out.

22. Uncertainty was discouraged and
ignorance avoided.
Now, uncertainty is legitimized and
questioning encouraged

23. Now, students are encouraged to ask
questions

25. Teaching methods
O Discussion
O Demonstration
O Brain storming
O Visual aids
O Video tape
O Role play
O Field method
O Oral teaching
O Cooperative
O Class Debate
O Activities

26. Discussion

27. Discussion
O Discussion involves free,
interactive dialogue between
teachers and students.
O It is more than just a question-
answer period.
O A successful discussion requires
that all students’ responses and
ideas be accepted and
considered.

28. Merits
O Involves students, at least after
the lecture.
O Students can question, clarify
and challenge.
O Lecture can be interspersed with
discussion

29. Demerits
O Time constraints may affect
discussion opportunities.
O Effectiveness is connected to
appropriate questions and
discussion; Often requires
teacher to "shift gears" quickly

30. Demonstration

32. Demonstration
O This method is used when the
teacher wants to explain the
structure and function of a
device or about an experiment or
about specific procedures.

33. Merits
O It makes information regarding a
device attractive.
O Interactive
O As more than one sense of the
students is involved in this
method therefore, maximum
learning outcomes are expected.

34. Demerits
O Carelessness may create
problems .
O Costly because it may be used
for small group of students.
O Time consuming

35. Brain Storming

36. Brain Storming
O In this method the teacher
chooses an issue and then asks
questions from the students
about that issue.

37. Merits
O Listening exercise that allows creative
thinking for new ideas.
O Encourages full participation.
O Spirit of cooperation is created.
O One idea can spark off other ideas.
O Better to use in mathematics Creative
thinking for generating new ideas.

38. Demerits
O Can be unfocused. Needs to be
limited to 5 - 7 minutes.
O Students may have difficulty
getting away from known reality.
O Sometime confusion is produced

39. Visual Aids
O Through the direct stimulation of
vision the students could learn
faster and more efficient.
O Show them pictures related to
the topic.
O The memory can last for a longer
period.

42. Video tapes

43. O In this method a specific topic is
delivered to the audience
through video or CD player.
O This method is better for
listening comprehension and
also in scientific experiments

44. Merits
O Entertaining way of introducing
content and raising issues.
O Usually keeps group's attention.
O Looks professional.
O Stimulates discussion Interesting.
O Professional way of teaching.
O Stimulates discussion

45. Demerits
O Can raise too many issues to
have a focused discussion
O Discussion may not have full
participation
O One way communication
O Costly
O Can raise too much issues

46. Role Playing

47. Role Playing
O we use “Role Teaching Method”
to help students to integrate into
the real role, therefore they could
handle the real situation in daily
life correctly and flexibly.

48. Merits
O Introduces problem situation
dramatically
O Provides opportunity for students to
assume roles of others
O Allows for exploration of solutions.
O Provides opportunity to practice
skills
O Problems situations are defined
dramatically

49. Demerits
O Some students may be too self
conscious.
O Not appropriate for large groups.
O Some students may feel
threatened.
O Disturbance in classroom

50. Field Method

51. Field Method
O Taking the students to
supermarkets, metro stations,
parks restaurants.
O In order to help students fulfill
the tasks in the reality.
O Students could easily use what
they have learned into daily life.

52. Oral Teaching

53. Oral Teaching
O For some students who already
have some basic mandarin
knowledge, teacher will offer
some social topics or news for
discussing together.
O Listening and speaking skills will
improve fast.

54. Cooperative
O This technique encourages
collaboration, competition, and
independence.
O Students are encouraged to interact
and share with one another, which
helps reduce the students' desire to
talk with one another.
O Helps students develop conceptual
reasoning and problem-solving skills.

55. Class Debate
O In this method an issue is given
to the participants to debate on.
O The teacher plays the role of a
facilitator.
O In a classroom situation topic
may be given to the students
before the commencement of
the debate.

56. O The students may prepare their
self using various sources.

57. Merits
O Pools ideas and experiences
from group
O Allows everyone to participate in
an active process.
O Views and expression of all the
participants for discussion.
O Does not require too much audio-
visual support

58. Demerits
O Not practical with more that 20
students.
O A few students can dominate .
O Some students may not
participate.
O Is time consuming.
O Can get off the track
O Disturbance in the class.

59. Activities

60. O engage the students in activities
which require the students to
learn independently.
O This allows students to
independently discover patterns
and relationships in their
learning and knowledge.
O Students take an active role in
their learning through activities

62. Effective teaching method
O Teachers can use many different
types of teaching methods in
their classrooms.
O First it is important that the
teacher sets goals.
O The best teaching methods may
prove ineffective when students
don’t like the teacher.
O

63. O Teachers can build these
relationships by taking an interest in
their students' lives;
O Simply asking them how their
weekend was when they return to
school on Monday can show
students that you care.
O Offering help and motivating
students to do well can create a
positive classroom environment.