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‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫لغبؿ‬ ‫اٌقشث١خ‬ ‫ِصش‬ ‫خّٙٛس٠خ‬
‫اٌٛصساء‬ ‫ِدٍظ‬ ‫سئبعخ‬
‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫ٌشئ‬ ‫اٌذٌٚخ‬ ‫ٚصاسح‬
‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫شئ‬ ‫خٙبص‬
‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫لغبؿ‬
‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ثج‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬
‫االٚي‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ُ‫إٌؾ‬ ‫ٚحّب٠خ‬ ْٛ‫ص‬‫ثبٌّٕغمخ‬.
ٝٔ‫اٌثب‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
‫اٌّغزذاِخ‬ ‫اٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ٚرحم١ك‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ‫اٌغ١بحخ‬ ‫رشد١ـ‬.
‫اٌثبٌث‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
ِٓ ‫ثبٌغ١بحخ‬ ٓ١ٍِ‫ٚاٌقب‬ ٓ١١ٍ‫اٌّح‬ ْ‫اٌغىب‬ ٜ‫ٌذ‬ ٝ‫اٌج١ئ‬ ٝ‫اٌٛف‬ ‫ٔشش‬ٌٝ‫األ٘ب‬.
ْ‫اإلفال‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬
ُ‫سل‬ ‫ثبٌمشاس‬ ‫عج١ق١خ‬ ‫وّحّ١خ‬ ‫سعّ١ب‬ ‫أفٍٕذ‬1204‫ٌغٕخ‬1992‫ِدٍظ‬ ِٓ ‫اٌصبدس‬ ،
ْٛٔ‫اٌمب‬ ‫إعبس‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ،‫اٌٛصساء‬102‫ٌغٕخ‬1983‫ثبٌمشاس‬ ‫اٌّقذي‬709‫ٌغٕخ‬1997.
ٗ١ّ‫اٌّح‬ ‫ِٛلـ‬
‫رجقذ‬ ‫ثّغبفخ‬ ،‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ث‬ ‫ِحبفؾخ‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫خٕٛة‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ‫رمـ‬70‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬
‫اٌّذ٠ٕخ‬ ٓ‫ف‬.
‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ث‬ ٟ‫اإلعفٍز‬ ‫اٌغش٠ك‬ ِٓ ‫إٌ١ٙب‬ ‫اٌٛصٛي‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬–ٖ‫االردب‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬ ،ٞٚ‫اٌصحشا‬ ‫إٌّ١ب‬
ٞ‫ٚاٌز‬ ،ٞٚ‫اٌصحشا‬ ‫اٌّذق‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ٔٙش‬ ‫ثششق‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫ِذخ‬ ‫فٕذ‬‫ُقشف‬٠
‫ٌّغبفخ‬ ٞ‫اٌجحش‬ َ‫اٌشخب‬ ‫ثذسة‬30‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬.
ٗ١ّ‫اٌّح‬ ‫ِغبحخ‬
‫ِغبحخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رمـ‬12‫ِشثـ‬ ‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬.
ٓ١‫ث‬ ‫ٚاٌّحصٛس‬
‫فشض‬ ٝ‫خغ‬
28.36–28.38‫ششلب‬
‫عٛي‬ ٝ‫ٚخغ‬
31.16–31.18‫شّبال‬
‫االٚي‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ُ‫إٌؾ‬ ‫ٚحّب٠خ‬ ْٛ‫ص‬‫ثبٌّٕغمخ‬.
ٝٔ‫اٌثب‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
‫اٌّغزذاِخ‬ ‫اٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ٚرحم١ك‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ‫اٌغ١بحخ‬ ‫رشد١ـ‬.
‫اٌثبٌث‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬:
ِٓ ‫ثبٌغ١بحخ‬ ٓ١ٍِ‫ٚاٌقب‬ ٓ١١ٍ‫اٌّح‬ ْ‫اٌغىب‬ ٜ‫ٌذ‬ ٝ‫اٌج١ئ‬ ٝ‫اٌٛف‬ ‫ٔشش‬ٌٝ‫األ٘ب‬.
‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬
ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬
‫عٕٛس‬
‫ٌغٕخ‬ ‫اإلوزشبف‬ ‫٠قٛد‬1989‫األٌجبعزش‬ ‫اعزغالي‬ ‫أثٕبء‬ ‫اٌّحبخش‬ ‫ٌقّبي‬ َ
ُ‫سل‬ ‫اٌّحدش‬ ِٓ ٜ‫اٌّصش‬54ٓ‫ثبع‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫فّ١ك‬ ‫فشاك‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ٜ‫رؤد‬ ‫فزحخ‬ ‫ؽٙشد‬
‫٠ّزذ‬ ‫فّ١ك‬ ‫وٙف‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫فجبسح‬ ٝ٘ ‫اٌفدٛح‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ارضح‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫األسض‬
‫اٌصٕبف١خ‬ ‫اٌفزحخ‬ ‫ٚشّبي‬ ٓ١ّ٠ ‫وج١شح‬ ‫ٌّغبفبد‬.
‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬ ِٓ ‫ِزقذدح‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫٘زا‬ ْ‫ٚأ‬.
‫ثبٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫اٌّح١غخ‬ ‫إٌّبعك‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِّبثٍخ‬ ٜ‫أخش‬ ‫وٙٛف‬ ‫ٚخٛد‬ ًّ‫اٌّحز‬ ِٓٚ.
‫رىٛ٠ٕبر‬ ‫ٔذسح‬ٌُٗ‫اٌقب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌغج١ق١خ‬ ‫اٌدٌٛٛخ١خ‬
‫ِد‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٓ١‫ٚاٌذساع‬ ٓ١‫ٌٍجبحث‬ ‫فش٠ذا‬ ‫ثمبف١ب‬ ‫فبٌّ١ب‬ ‫ِضاسا‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رقزجش‬ٍُ‫ف‬ ‫بي‬
‫ٚاٌّٛالـ‬ ‫اٌّٛلـ‬ ‫٘زا‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٞ‫ردش‬ ٟ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌذساعبد‬ ‫رغبفذ‬ ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١ب،وّب‬
‫ِغزمجٍ١خ‬ ‫ِقذٔ١خ‬ ‫ِٛاسد‬ ‫اوزشبف‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّدبٚسح‬.
‫ثؾشٚفٙب‬ ِٓ‫اٌض‬ ِٓ ‫فزشح‬ ً‫٠غد‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫ٌألسض‬ ‫ربس٠خ١ب‬ ‫عدال‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫٠قذ‬
‫اٌىٙف‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫فصش‬ ‫عبدد‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌخبصخ‬ ‫إٌّبخ١خ‬.
‫ٚاٌزحذ‬ ‫اٌغغح١خ‬ ‫اٌىٙٛف‬ ِٓ ‫اٌقذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثٛخٛد‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬
‫االسض١خ‬ ‫اٌغجمبد‬ ‫حشوبد‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ٔزدذ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫عغح١خ‬.
‫ثبٌّٕبؽش‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ْ‫اٌٛد٠ب‬ ِٓ ‫اٌقذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثٛخٛد‬ ‫أ٠ضب‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬
ٜ‫وٛاد‬ ‫اٌزغٍك‬ ‫س٠بضخ‬ ‫ٌّّبسعخ‬ ‫صبٌحخ‬ ‫ِٕبعك‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫اٌغج١ق١خ‬
(‫فشلٛة‬ َ‫أ‬. )
‫اٌزبس٠خ١خ‬ ‫اٌّصبدس‬ ‫رزوش‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٌّٕغمخ‬ ‫لش٠ت‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬ ‫ٕٚ٘بن‬
‫عٛ٠ٍخ‬ ‫فزشح‬ ًّ‫٠ق‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫اٌغبداد‬ ‫أٔٛس‬ ً‫اٌشاح‬ ٞ‫اٌّصش‬ ‫اٌشئ١ظ‬ ْ‫أ‬
‫وٙف‬ ‫ِٕغمخ‬ ِٓ ‫ثبٌمشة‬“‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬
ٌٝ‫حٛا‬ ‫٠جقذ‬ ٝٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ‫ٌٍقصش‬ ‫٠شخـ‬ ٜ‫أثش‬ ‫عذ‬ ‫اوزشبف‬ ُ‫ر‬ ‫وّب‬2.5
‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ٌىٙف‬ ٝ‫اٌششل‬ ‫اٌدٕٛة‬ ِٓ ‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬.
‫ا‬ ‫ٌٍحدش‬ ‫اإلراثخ‬ ًِ‫فٛا‬ ‫رؤث١ش‬ ِٓ ‫ٔزح‬ ‫وج١ش‬ ٟ‫عج١ق‬ ‫وٙف‬ ،‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ٕٝ١‫األ٠ٛع‬ ٜ‫ٌد١ش‬
‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ثج‬ ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫اٌّزٛاخذ‬،‫اٌّٛسفٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ح١ث‬
‫اٌدّ١ٍخ‬،ُ‫ثبع‬ ‫رقشف‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬“ُ١‫األعج١ٍ١ٛر‬”‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫ِحفٛػ‬ ًِ‫وب‬ ٟ‫وبسعز‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ‫ثبٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠ٛخذ‬
‫ثـ‬ ‫رقشف‬ ٟ‫ٚاٌز‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٞٛ‫ف‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬ ،‫اٌّحّ١خ‬”‫اٌز١شاسٚصا‬”ِٓ ٍٟ‫عف‬ ‫ٚٔغبق‬
‫أشىبي‬ ِٓ ٗ١ٍ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ثّب‬ ،ِٕٗ ‫خضء‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬‫اٌىبٌغ١ذ‬ ‫ٚسعٛث١بد‬
‫اٌّخزٍفخ‬.
‫ٚ٠غبس‬ ٓ١ّ٠ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٓ٠‫وج١ش‬ ٓ٠ٛٙ‫ث‬ ِٓ ْٛ‫٠زى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫٘الٌ١ب‬ ‫شىال‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠ؤخز‬ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫اٌّؤد٠خ‬ ‫اٌفزحخ‬
‫خّ١ٍخ‬ ‫أشىبال‬ ‫رؤخز‬ ‫وٍغ١خ‬ ‫رىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ّٓ٠‫األ‬ ‫اٌدضء‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ،ٍٗ‫داخ‬‫اٌشقبة‬ ً‫ِث‬ ‫ِخزٍفخ‬
ٌ‫ا‬ ٚ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ْ‫ٚخذسا‬ ‫أسض١خ‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبِ١خ‬ ‫اٌىٍغ١خ‬ ‫اٌغزبئش‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫اٌّشخبٔ١خ‬ِٓ ّٕٛ‫ر‬ ٟ‫اٌز‬ ‫صٛافذ‬
‫أفّذح‬ ٓ٠ٛ‫رى‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ٞ‫رؤد‬ ‫ثبٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌزمبئٙب‬ ‫ٚفٕذ‬ ٍٟ‫أف‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫أسض١خ‬‫اٌشدشح‬ ‫خزؿ‬ ً‫شى‬ ٗ‫رشج‬.
ٛ١‫اٌىبٌغ‬ ‫وشثٛٔبد‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫األٌجغزش‬ َ‫خب‬ ْ‫ٌزٚثب‬ ‫ٔز١دخ‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ٞ‫اٌز‬ ،َ
‫ثب‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫رغشثذ‬ ٟ‫ٚاٌز‬ ‫األِغبس‬ ‫عمٛط‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبخّخ‬ ‫اٌدٛف١خ‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٗ‫أراثز‬‫األسض‬ ٓ‫ع‬
‫ثب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌزدٛ٠ف‬ ‫٘زا‬ ‫ِحذثخ‬ ،ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٞ‫ِدبس‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫االٚدٚ٠خ‬ ِٓ ‫شجىبد‬ ‫ِىٛٔخ‬‫األسض‬ ٓ‫ع‬
‫ِٕز‬ ‫ٚرٌه‬60‫رمش٠جب‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ.
‫اٌدّ١ٍخ‬ ‫اٌد١ِٛٛسفٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫األشىبي‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٞٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ح١ث‬.ٟ‫وبسعز‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫ث١ّٕب‬
ُ‫ثبع‬ ‫ٚ٠قشف‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٞٛ‫ف‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫ِحفٛػ‬«
‫اٌز١شاسٚصا‬»،‫اٌّزاة‬ ٞ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫اٌحدش‬ ‫ٚثمب٠ب‬ ‫اٌحذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثؤوغ١ذ‬ ‫غٕ١خ‬ ‫ع١ٕ١خ‬ ‫سٚاعت‬ ٟ٘ٚ
ٌ‫ا‬ ‫ٚسعٛث١بد‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٞٛ‫ف١حز‬ ‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٟ‫ٚاٌغف‬ ‫األٚعظ‬ ‫إٌغبق‬ ‫أِب‬‫ىبٌغ١ذ‬
‫اٌّخزٍفخ‬.
‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬(‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚأسض١خ‬ ‫ثغغح‬ ‫اٌّٛخٛدح‬ ‫ٚاٌزشع١جبد‬ ‫االشىبي‬)
ٛ‫ٔح‬ ‫ِٕز‬ ،‫اٌّغ١شح‬ ‫اٌفزشاد‬ ‫خالي‬45‫ثذأد‬ ، ‫اٌٛع١ظ‬ ٓ١‫اإل٠ٛع‬ ‫ٌقصش‬ ‫اٌّٛافك‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ
‫اٌف‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٌغمف‬ ‫ٚصٍذ‬ ْ‫أ‬ ٌٟ‫إ‬ ‫اٌشمٛق‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ً‫ٚرزغٍغ‬ ‫األِغبس‬ ٖ‫ِ١ب‬ ‫رزغشة‬‫ح١ث‬ ، ‫بسك‬
ٟ‫ف‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫ثذأد‬((‫اٌزٕم١ظ‬))‫رقشض‬ ‫ٚفٕذ‬ ‫خذا‬ ‫ثغ١ئخ‬ ‫ٚثصٛسح‬ ‫اٌغمف‬ ِٓ ‫لغشح‬ ‫لغشح‬
‫اٌى‬ ‫أوغ١ذ‬ ٟٔ‫ثثب‬ ٟٕ‫اٌغ‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٌٙٛاء‬ ،‫اٌحشوخ‬ ‫ثغ١ئخ‬ ،‫اٌّبئ١خ‬ ‫اٌمغشاد‬‫ِبدح‬ ‫رشو١ض‬ ُ‫ر‬ ،ْٛ‫شث‬
‫اٌىبٌغ١ذ‬(َٛ١‫اٌىبٌغ‬ ‫وشثٛٔبد‬)‫رح١ظ‬ ‫حٍمخ‬ ‫٘١ئخ‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌد١ش٠خ‬ ‫اٌّبدح‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫رزشوض‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫ف١ٙب‬
‫اٌّبئ١خ‬ ‫اٌمغشح‬ ‫ثحٛاف‬.
‫اٌفش٠ذح‬ ‫اٌدٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫األشىبي‬ ‫رىٛٔذ‬ ‫ح١ث‬(‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬. )
ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ٔٙش‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫اٌّّزذح‬ ‫اٌد١ش٠خ‬ ‫اٌٙضجخ‬ ِٓ ‫خضء‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫٠قزجش‬‫ثّحبفؾخ‬
‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬،ِ ‫صخش٠خ‬ ‫رزبثقبد‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫فجبسح‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫اٌّزٛاخذح‬ ‫اٌصخٛس‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ح١ث‬ٓ
‫رٕز‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬ ‫إٌ١ّ١ٌٛ١ذ‬ ‫ثحفش٠بد‬ ٕٝ‫ٚاٌغ‬ ٝ‫إٌم‬ ٜ‫اٌغجبش١ش‬ ٜ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫اٌحدش‬ْ‫ِىب‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ّٝ
‫عٕٛس‬.
‫عٕٛس‬ ْٛ‫ِى‬ ْ‫فئ‬ ‫إٌّغمخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رّذ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٌٍذساعبد‬ ‫ٚعجمب‬ٌٝ‫ا‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬
ٓ١‫خضئ‬،ٍ‫ف‬ ‫رّذ‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬ ُ٠‫لذ‬ ‫رقش٠خ‬ ‫عغح‬ ‫ث١ّٕٙب‬ ً‫ٚ٠فص‬ ٍٝ‫عف‬ ‫ٚا٢خش‬ ٍٜٛ‫ف‬ ‫أحذّ٘ب‬ٗ١
‫األٚعظ‬ ٓ١‫األ٠ٛع‬ ‫فصش‬ ‫أثٕبء‬ ٜ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫ٌٍحدش‬ ‫ٚاإلراثخ‬ ‫إٌحذ‬ ًِ‫فٛا‬.‫ثبٌٛفبد‬ ‫رىٛٔذ‬ ‫ح١ث‬
‫اٌىٙٛف‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫أحذ‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠قزجش‬ ‫خذا‬ ‫فّ١مخ‬ ‫ٚوٙٛف‬ ‫ٚحفش‬.
‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫شئ‬ ‫خٙبص‬ ٝٔ‫٠زٛا‬ ٌُ ‫عج١ق١خ‬ ‫وّحّ١خ‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚضـ‬ ُ‫ر‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ثقذ‬
‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رّٕ١خ‬ ٛ‫ٔح‬ َ‫اٌالص‬ ًّ‫ف‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫ٚلغبؿ‬.َ‫لب‬ ‫فمذ‬
‫ٌحّب٠خ‬ ‫اٌغ١ٛي‬ ‫ٌّخشاد‬ ‫اٌالصِخ‬ ‫اٌزىغ١بد‬ ًّ‫ثق‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٌْٛٛ‫اٌّغئ‬
‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ً‫داخ‬ ‫أسض١خ‬ ٜ‫أل‬ ‫أٙ١بساد‬ ٜ‫أ‬ ِٓ ‫إٌّغمخ‬.‫اعزشاحخ‬ ًّ‫ف‬ ُ‫ر‬ ‫ٚلذ‬
‫ِٚبصٌٕب‬ ْ‫اٌّخبص‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫ثبإلضبفخ‬ ‫ٌٍّحّ١خ‬ ٜ‫اداس‬ ٕٝ‫ِٚج‬ ‫اٌضٚاس‬ ‫العزمجبي‬
‫ٌٍض٠بسح‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ٓ١ِ‫ٚرؤ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫ٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫اٌّدٙٛداد‬ ِٓ ‫اٌّض٠ذ‬ ‫ٕٔزؾش‬
‫ٌٍضٚاس‬ ‫خذِ١خ‬ ‫ِٕشآد‬ ‫ٚإضبفخ‬.
ٓ١١‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ‬ ‫ص٠بساد‬
َ‫ٚاالفال‬ ٗ‫اٌصحبف‬ ْٛ١‫ف‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٞ‫االثش‬ ‫ٚاٌغذ‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ‫وٙف‬
‫ٚوبٌخ‬‫أٚٔب‬:‫اٌقثٛس‬ٍٝ‫ف‬َ‫فؾب‬‫حٛد‬‫ٚلٛالـ‬‫ثحش٠خ‬
‫ٌـ‬ ‫رقٛد‬45‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ثج‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ
ًّ‫ف‬ ‫فش٠ك‬ ْ‫أ‬ ،‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬ ‫ِحبفؼ‬ ،ٝ‫اٌجز١ز‬ ٜ‫ِدذ‬ ‫اٌّغزشبس‬ ٍٓ‫أف‬
ُِٙ ٜ‫أثش‬ ‫عذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫فثشٚا‬ ‫ثبٌّحبفؾخ‬ ‫ا٢ثبس‬ ‫ِذ٠ش٠خ‬ ٝ‫أخصبئ‬ ِٓ
‫ٌٍغب٠خ‬-‫اٌٛاحذح‬ ٜ‫األ٠ذ‬ ‫أصبثـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رقذ‬ ‫رىبد‬ ‫فذ٠ذح‬ ‫ّٔبرج‬ ‫ٚخٛد‬ َ‫ٌقذ‬
ٌُ‫اٌقب‬ ٜٛ‫ِغز‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬-ٝٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ٝٔ‫اٌ١ٛٔب‬ ‫ٌٍقصش‬ ‫٠قٛد‬.ْ‫أ‬ ‫ٚأضبف‬
‫اٌغٛة‬ ِٓ ٕٝ‫ث‬ ‫ث١ّٕب‬ ،ٝ‫اٌغشث‬ ٗ‫خبٔج‬ ِٓ ‫اٌحدش‬ ِٓ ٕٝ‫ِج‬ ‫اٌدذ٠ذ‬ ‫اٌغذ‬
‫ِحبفؾخ‬ َ‫صِب‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚ٠مـ‬ ،‫اٌششل١خ‬ ‫إٌبح١خ‬ ِٓ ‫ثبالثغزش‬ ٝ‫ٚغغ‬ ‫األحّش‬
‫ثقذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬70ٝ‫اٌششل‬ ‫اٌدٕٛة‬ ٌٝ‫ٚإ‬ ،ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ششق‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬
‫ثقذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ٌىٙف‬2ٓ١١ٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ْ‫ٚأ‬ ،‫ٚٔصف‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬
‫رٌه‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِصش‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رمـ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌغ١ٛي‬ ٖ‫ِ١ب‬ ‫ٌحدض‬ ‫اٌغذ‬ ‫اعزخذِٛا‬
‫اٌٛلذ‬.
‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬..‫األسض‬ ‫رحذ‬ ‫اٌدٕخ‬
ً‫ٔم‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫اٌصٛس‬ ‫ٚرقدض‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٚصف‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌىزبثخ‬ ً‫رفش‬
ٌٟ‫إ‬ ‫ثبٌشحٍخ‬ ‫ل١بِه‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اٌمبسا‬ ٞ‫ع١ذ‬ ً٠‫ثذ‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫ال‬ ،ٖ‫٠ضٚس‬ ِٓ ‫إحغبط‬
ٓ‫ف‬ ٟ‫ٚرحى‬ ‫اٌدّبي‬ ‫ثآ٠بد‬ ‫األسض‬ ‫فّك‬ ‫رحذ‬ ‫صخٛس‬ ٗ١‫ف‬ ‫رٕغك‬ ْ‫ِىب‬
‫اٌخبٌك‬ ‫لذسح‬ ‫ثدالي‬ ‫ّح‬‫ج‬‫رغ‬ ‫ٚحم١مخ‬ ،‫رخ١ٍٙب‬ ٓ‫٠ّى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫خغشاف١ب‬..‫حم١مخ‬
‫فّش٘ب‬45َ‫فب‬ ْٛ١ٍِ!ٟ‫ع١بح‬ ٍُ‫ِق‬ َ‫أِب‬ ‫إٔٔب‬ ٓ‫ٔؾ‬ ‫وٕب‬ ‫ٌٍىٙف‬ ‫ص٠بسرٕب‬ ٟ‫ف‬
ٌُ‫ٌٍقب‬ ‫ٚٔمٛي‬ ،ٗ‫ث‬ ‫ٔفخش‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫حمٕب‬ ِٓ:‫اٌخبٌك‬ ‫٠ذ‬ ٗ‫أثذفز‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ٌزشب٘ذٚا‬ ‫ٍّ٘ٛا‬
،ًٙ‫ثبٌد‬ ّٖٛٙ‫ار‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫اوزشف‬ ِٓ ٓ‫ٌى‬ ،‫ِصش‬ ‫أسض‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ً‫خج‬ ٓ‫ثغ‬ ٟ‫ف‬
َ‫أِب‬ ٗ‫ٌفزح‬ ‫خغظ‬ ِٓٚ ،‫األِٕ١خ‬ ‫اٌ١ذ‬ ٗ‫أٚلفز‬ ‫ٌٍىٕض‬ ‫٠شٚج‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫حبٚي‬ ِٓٚ
‫اٌّىبرت‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٓ١‫اٌشٚر‬ ‫فجذح‬ ‫ٚٔدح‬ ،‫األثٛاة‬ ٗٙ‫ٚخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫أغٍمٛا‬ ٓ٠‫اٌضائش‬
ِٓ ‫أوثش‬ ‫ِذاس‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌحىِٛ١خ‬20ْ‫أعٕب‬ ‫ٚإٌمبء‬ ‫اٌدّبي‬ ‫حدت‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫فبِب‬
‫اإلّ٘بي‬ ً‫ٚح‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫األٌّبط‬
sannurcave2014@yahoo.com ً‫ٌٍزٛاص‬/

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محمية كهف وادي سنور ببنى سويف

  • 1. ‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫لغبؿ‬ ‫اٌقشث١خ‬ ‫ِصش‬ ‫خّٙٛس٠خ‬ ‫اٌٛصساء‬ ‫ِدٍظ‬ ‫سئبعخ‬ ‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫ٌشئ‬ ‫اٌذٌٚخ‬ ‫ٚصاسح‬ ‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫شئ‬ ‫خٙبص‬ ‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫لغبؿ‬
  • 2.
  • 3. ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ثج‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬
  • 4. ‫االٚي‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ُ‫إٌؾ‬ ‫ٚحّب٠خ‬ ْٛ‫ص‬‫ثبٌّٕغمخ‬. ٝٔ‫اٌثب‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ‫اٌّغزذاِخ‬ ‫اٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ٚرحم١ك‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ‫اٌغ١بحخ‬ ‫رشد١ـ‬. ‫اٌثبٌث‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ِٓ ‫ثبٌغ١بحخ‬ ٓ١ٍِ‫ٚاٌقب‬ ٓ١١ٍ‫اٌّح‬ ْ‫اٌغىب‬ ٜ‫ٌذ‬ ٝ‫اٌج١ئ‬ ٝ‫اٌٛف‬ ‫ٔشش‬ٌٝ‫األ٘ب‬.
  • 5. ْ‫اإلفال‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬ ُ‫سل‬ ‫ثبٌمشاس‬ ‫عج١ق١خ‬ ‫وّحّ١خ‬ ‫سعّ١ب‬ ‫أفٍٕذ‬1204‫ٌغٕخ‬1992‫ِدٍظ‬ ِٓ ‫اٌصبدس‬ ، ْٛٔ‫اٌمب‬ ‫إعبس‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ،‫اٌٛصساء‬102‫ٌغٕخ‬1983‫ثبٌمشاس‬ ‫اٌّقذي‬709‫ٌغٕخ‬1997. ٗ١ّ‫اٌّح‬ ‫ِٛلـ‬ ‫رجقذ‬ ‫ثّغبفخ‬ ،‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ث‬ ‫ِحبفؾخ‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫خٕٛة‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ‫رمـ‬70‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬ ‫اٌّذ٠ٕخ‬ ٓ‫ف‬. ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ث‬ ٟ‫اإلعفٍز‬ ‫اٌغش٠ك‬ ِٓ ‫إٌ١ٙب‬ ‫اٌٛصٛي‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬–ٖ‫االردب‬ ُ‫ٚ٠ز‬ ،ٞٚ‫اٌصحشا‬ ‫إٌّ١ب‬ ٞ‫ٚاٌز‬ ،ٞٚ‫اٌصحشا‬ ‫اٌّذق‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ٔٙش‬ ‫ثششق‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫ِذخ‬ ‫فٕذ‬‫ُقشف‬٠ ‫ٌّغبفخ‬ ٞ‫اٌجحش‬ َ‫اٌشخب‬ ‫ثذسة‬30‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬. ٗ١ّ‫اٌّح‬ ‫ِغبحخ‬ ‫ِغبحخ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رمـ‬12‫ِشثـ‬ ‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬.
  • 7. ‫االٚي‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ُ‫إٌؾ‬ ‫ٚحّب٠خ‬ ْٛ‫ص‬‫ثبٌّٕغمخ‬. ٝٔ‫اٌثب‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ‫اٌّغزذاِخ‬ ‫اٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫ٚرحم١ك‬ ‫اٌج١ئ١خ‬ ‫اٌغ١بحخ‬ ‫رشد١ـ‬. ‫اٌثبٌث‬ ‫اٌٙذف‬: ِٓ ‫ثبٌغ١بحخ‬ ٓ١ٍِ‫ٚاٌقب‬ ٓ١١ٍ‫اٌّح‬ ْ‫اٌغىب‬ ٜ‫ٌذ‬ ٝ‫اٌج١ئ‬ ٝ‫اٌٛف‬ ‫ٔشش‬ٌٝ‫األ٘ب‬. ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ‫عٕٛس‬
  • 8. ‫ٌغٕخ‬ ‫اإلوزشبف‬ ‫٠قٛد‬1989‫األٌجبعزش‬ ‫اعزغالي‬ ‫أثٕبء‬ ‫اٌّحبخش‬ ‫ٌقّبي‬ َ ُ‫سل‬ ‫اٌّحدش‬ ِٓ ٜ‫اٌّصش‬54ٓ‫ثبع‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫فّ١ك‬ ‫فشاك‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ٜ‫رؤد‬ ‫فزحخ‬ ‫ؽٙشد‬ ‫٠ّزذ‬ ‫فّ١ك‬ ‫وٙف‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫فجبسح‬ ٝ٘ ‫اٌفدٛح‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ارضح‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫األسض‬ ‫اٌصٕبف١خ‬ ‫اٌفزحخ‬ ‫ٚشّبي‬ ٓ١ّ٠ ‫وج١شح‬ ‫ٌّغبفبد‬. ‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬ ِٓ ‫ِزقذدح‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫٘زا‬ ْ‫ٚأ‬. ‫ثبٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫اٌّح١غخ‬ ‫إٌّبعك‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِّبثٍخ‬ ٜ‫أخش‬ ‫وٙٛف‬ ‫ٚخٛد‬ ًّ‫اٌّحز‬ ِٓٚ.
  • 9. ‫رىٛ٠ٕبر‬ ‫ٔذسح‬ٌُٗ‫اٌقب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌغج١ق١خ‬ ‫اٌدٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ِد‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٓ١‫ٚاٌذساع‬ ٓ١‫ٌٍجبحث‬ ‫فش٠ذا‬ ‫ثمبف١ب‬ ‫فبٌّ١ب‬ ‫ِضاسا‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رقزجش‬ٍُ‫ف‬ ‫بي‬ ‫ٚاٌّٛالـ‬ ‫اٌّٛلـ‬ ‫٘زا‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٞ‫ردش‬ ٟ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌذساعبد‬ ‫رغبفذ‬ ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١ب،وّب‬ ‫ِغزمجٍ١خ‬ ‫ِقذٔ١خ‬ ‫ِٛاسد‬ ‫اوزشبف‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫اٌّدبٚسح‬. ‫ثؾشٚفٙب‬ ِٓ‫اٌض‬ ِٓ ‫فزشح‬ ً‫٠غد‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫ٌألسض‬ ‫ربس٠خ١ب‬ ‫عدال‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫٠قذ‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫فصش‬ ‫عبدد‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌخبصخ‬ ‫إٌّبخ١خ‬. ‫ٚاٌزحذ‬ ‫اٌغغح١خ‬ ‫اٌىٙٛف‬ ِٓ ‫اٌقذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثٛخٛد‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِحّ١خ‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬ ‫االسض١خ‬ ‫اٌغجمبد‬ ‫حشوبد‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ٔزدذ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫عغح١خ‬.
  • 10. ‫ثبٌّٕبؽش‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ْ‫اٌٛد٠ب‬ ِٓ ‫اٌقذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثٛخٛد‬ ‫أ٠ضب‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رزّ١ض‬ ٜ‫وٛاد‬ ‫اٌزغٍك‬ ‫س٠بضخ‬ ‫ٌّّبسعخ‬ ‫صبٌحخ‬ ‫ِٕبعك‬ ‫ثٙب‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫وّب‬ ‫اٌغج١ق١خ‬ (‫فشلٛة‬ َ‫أ‬. ) ‫اٌزبس٠خ١خ‬ ‫اٌّصبدس‬ ‫رزوش‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٌّٕغمخ‬ ‫لش٠ت‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬ ‫ٕٚ٘بن‬ ‫عٛ٠ٍخ‬ ‫فزشح‬ ًّ‫٠ق‬ ْ‫وب‬ ‫اٌغبداد‬ ‫أٔٛس‬ ً‫اٌشاح‬ ٞ‫اٌّصش‬ ‫اٌشئ١ظ‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ِٕغمخ‬ ِٓ ‫ثبٌمشة‬“‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ٌٝ‫حٛا‬ ‫٠جقذ‬ ٝٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ‫ٌٍقصش‬ ‫٠شخـ‬ ٜ‫أثش‬ ‫عذ‬ ‫اوزشبف‬ ُ‫ر‬ ‫وّب‬2.5 ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ٌىٙف‬ ٝ‫اٌششل‬ ‫اٌدٕٛة‬ ِٓ ‫ِزش‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬.
  • 11. ‫ا‬ ‫ٌٍحدش‬ ‫اإلراثخ‬ ًِ‫فٛا‬ ‫رؤث١ش‬ ِٓ ‫ٔزح‬ ‫وج١ش‬ ٟ‫عج١ق‬ ‫وٙف‬ ،‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ٕٝ١‫األ٠ٛع‬ ٜ‫ٌد١ش‬ ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ثج‬ ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫اٌّزٛاخذ‬،‫اٌّٛسفٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫اٌدّ١ٍخ‬،ُ‫ثبع‬ ‫رقشف‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬“ُ١‫األعج١ٍ١ٛر‬”‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫ِحفٛػ‬ ًِ‫وب‬ ٟ‫وبسعز‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ‫ثبٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠ٛخذ‬ ‫ثـ‬ ‫رقشف‬ ٟ‫ٚاٌز‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٞٛ‫ف‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ٌٝ‫إ‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬ ،‫اٌّحّ١خ‬”‫اٌز١شاسٚصا‬”ِٓ ٍٟ‫عف‬ ‫ٚٔغبق‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ِٓ ٗ١ٍ‫ف‬ ٜٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ثّب‬ ،ِٕٗ ‫خضء‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬‫اٌىبٌغ١ذ‬ ‫ٚسعٛث١بد‬ ‫اٌّخزٍفخ‬. ‫ٚ٠غبس‬ ٓ١ّ٠ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٓ٠‫وج١ش‬ ٓ٠ٛٙ‫ث‬ ِٓ ْٛ‫٠زى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫٘الٌ١ب‬ ‫شىال‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠ؤخز‬ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫اٌّؤد٠خ‬ ‫اٌفزحخ‬ ‫خّ١ٍخ‬ ‫أشىبال‬ ‫رؤخز‬ ‫وٍغ١خ‬ ‫رىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ّٓ٠‫األ‬ ‫اٌدضء‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ْٛ‫٠ى‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ،ٍٗ‫داخ‬‫اٌشقبة‬ ً‫ِث‬ ‫ِخزٍفخ‬ ٌ‫ا‬ ٚ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ْ‫ٚخذسا‬ ‫أسض١خ‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبِ١خ‬ ‫اٌىٍغ١خ‬ ‫اٌغزبئش‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫اٌّشخبٔ١خ‬ِٓ ّٕٛ‫ر‬ ٟ‫اٌز‬ ‫صٛافذ‬ ‫أفّذح‬ ٓ٠ٛ‫رى‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ٞ‫رؤد‬ ‫ثبٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌزمبئٙب‬ ‫ٚفٕذ‬ ٍٟ‫أف‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫أسض١خ‬‫اٌشدشح‬ ‫خزؿ‬ ً‫شى‬ ٗ‫رشج‬.
  • 12. ٛ١‫اٌىبٌغ‬ ‫وشثٛٔبد‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫األٌجغزش‬ َ‫خب‬ ْ‫ٌزٚثب‬ ‫ٔز١دخ‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ٞ‫اٌز‬ ،َ ‫ثب‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ‫رغشثذ‬ ٟ‫ٚاٌز‬ ‫األِغبس‬ ‫عمٛط‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫إٌبخّخ‬ ‫اٌدٛف١خ‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٗ‫أراثز‬‫األسض‬ ٓ‫ع‬ ‫ثب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌزدٛ٠ف‬ ‫٘زا‬ ‫ِحذثخ‬ ،ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٞ‫ِدبس‬ ٚ‫أ‬ ‫االٚدٚ٠خ‬ ِٓ ‫شجىبد‬ ‫ِىٛٔخ‬‫األسض‬ ٓ‫ع‬ ‫ِٕز‬ ‫ٚرٌه‬60‫رمش٠جب‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ. ‫اٌدّ١ٍخ‬ ‫اٌد١ِٛٛسفٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫األشىبي‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٞٛ‫٠حز‬ ‫ح١ث‬.ٟ‫وبسعز‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫ث١ّٕب‬ ُ‫ثبع‬ ‫ٚ٠قشف‬ ،‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٞٛ‫ف‬ ‫ٔغبق‬ ٌٟ‫ا‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫ِحفٛػ‬« ‫اٌز١شاسٚصا‬»،‫اٌّزاة‬ ٞ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫اٌحدش‬ ‫ٚثمب٠ب‬ ‫اٌحذ٠ذ‬ ‫ثؤوغ١ذ‬ ‫غٕ١خ‬ ‫ع١ٕ١خ‬ ‫سٚاعت‬ ٟ٘ٚ ٌ‫ا‬ ‫ٚسعٛث١بد‬ ‫أشىبي‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ٞٛ‫ف١حز‬ ‫اٌزشثخ‬ ِٓ ٍٟ‫ٚاٌغف‬ ‫األٚعظ‬ ‫إٌغبق‬ ‫أِب‬‫ىبٌغ١ذ‬ ‫اٌّخزٍفخ‬.
  • 13. ‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬ ْٛ‫رى‬ ‫ربس٠خ‬(‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚأسض١خ‬ ‫ثغغح‬ ‫اٌّٛخٛدح‬ ‫ٚاٌزشع١جبد‬ ‫االشىبي‬) ٛ‫ٔح‬ ‫ِٕز‬ ،‫اٌّغ١شح‬ ‫اٌفزشاد‬ ‫خالي‬45‫ثذأد‬ ، ‫اٌٛع١ظ‬ ٓ١‫اإل٠ٛع‬ ‫ٌقصش‬ ‫اٌّٛافك‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ ‫اٌف‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٌغمف‬ ‫ٚصٍذ‬ ْ‫أ‬ ٌٟ‫إ‬ ‫اٌشمٛق‬ ٓ١‫ث‬ ً‫ٚرزغٍغ‬ ‫األِغبس‬ ٖ‫ِ١ب‬ ‫رزغشة‬‫ح١ث‬ ، ‫بسك‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٖ‫اٌّ١ب‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫ثذأد‬((‫اٌزٕم١ظ‬))‫رقشض‬ ‫ٚفٕذ‬ ‫خذا‬ ‫ثغ١ئخ‬ ‫ٚثصٛسح‬ ‫اٌغمف‬ ِٓ ‫لغشح‬ ‫لغشح‬ ‫اٌى‬ ‫أوغ١ذ‬ ٟٔ‫ثثب‬ ٟٕ‫اٌغ‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٌٙٛاء‬ ،‫اٌحشوخ‬ ‫ثغ١ئخ‬ ،‫اٌّبئ١خ‬ ‫اٌمغشاد‬‫ِبدح‬ ‫رشو١ض‬ ُ‫ر‬ ،ْٛ‫شث‬ ‫اٌىبٌغ١ذ‬(َٛ١‫اٌىبٌغ‬ ‫وشثٛٔبد‬)‫رح١ظ‬ ‫حٍمخ‬ ‫٘١ئخ‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌد١ش٠خ‬ ‫اٌّبدح‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫رزشوض‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫ف١ٙب‬ ‫اٌّبئ١خ‬ ‫اٌمغشح‬ ‫ثحٛاف‬. ‫اٌفش٠ذح‬ ‫اٌدٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٚاٌزىٛ٠ٕبد‬ ‫األشىبي‬ ‫رىٛٔذ‬ ‫ح١ث‬(‫ٚاٌٙٛاثظ‬ ‫اٌصٛافذ‬. )
  • 14. ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ٔٙش‬ ‫ششق‬ ‫اٌّّزذح‬ ‫اٌد١ش٠خ‬ ‫اٌٙضجخ‬ ِٓ ‫خضء‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫٠قزجش‬‫ثّحبفؾخ‬ ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬،ِ ‫صخش٠خ‬ ‫رزبثقبد‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫فجبسح‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ً‫خج‬ ‫ثّٕغمخ‬ ‫اٌّزٛاخذح‬ ‫اٌصخٛس‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ح١ث‬ٓ ‫رٕز‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬ ‫إٌ١ّ١ٌٛ١ذ‬ ‫ثحفش٠بد‬ ٕٝ‫ٚاٌغ‬ ٝ‫إٌم‬ ٜ‫اٌغجبش١ش‬ ٜ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫اٌحدش‬ْ‫ِىب‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ّٝ ‫عٕٛس‬. ‫عٕٛس‬ ْٛ‫ِى‬ ْ‫فئ‬ ‫إٌّغمخ‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رّذ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌد١ٌٛٛخ١خ‬ ‫ٌٍذساعبد‬ ‫ٚعجمب‬ٌٝ‫ا‬ ُ‫٠ٕمغ‬ ٓ١‫خضئ‬،ٍ‫ف‬ ‫رّذ‬ ٝ‫ٚاٌز‬ ُ٠‫لذ‬ ‫رقش٠خ‬ ‫عغح‬ ‫ث١ّٕٙب‬ ً‫ٚ٠فص‬ ٍٝ‫عف‬ ‫ٚا٢خش‬ ٍٜٛ‫ف‬ ‫أحذّ٘ب‬ٗ١ ‫األٚعظ‬ ٓ١‫األ٠ٛع‬ ‫فصش‬ ‫أثٕبء‬ ٜ‫اٌد١ش‬ ‫ٌٍحدش‬ ‫ٚاإلراثخ‬ ‫إٌحذ‬ ًِ‫فٛا‬.‫ثبٌٛفبد‬ ‫رىٛٔذ‬ ‫ح١ث‬ ‫اٌىٙٛف‬ ٖ‫٘ز‬ ‫أحذ‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٚ٠قزجش‬ ‫خذا‬ ‫فّ١مخ‬ ‫ٚوٙٛف‬ ‫ٚحفش‬.
  • 15. ‫اٌج١ئخ‬ ْٛ‫شئ‬ ‫خٙبص‬ ٝٔ‫٠زٛا‬ ٌُ ‫عج١ق١خ‬ ‫وّحّ١خ‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫ٚضـ‬ ُ‫ر‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫ثقذ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫رّٕ١خ‬ ٛ‫ٔح‬ َ‫اٌالص‬ ًّ‫ف‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫اٌغج١قخ‬ ‫حّب٠خ‬ ‫ٚلغبؿ‬.َ‫لب‬ ‫فمذ‬ ‫ٌحّب٠خ‬ ‫اٌغ١ٛي‬ ‫ٌّخشاد‬ ‫اٌالصِخ‬ ‫اٌزىغ١بد‬ ًّ‫ثق‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٌْٛٛ‫اٌّغئ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ً‫داخ‬ ‫أسض١خ‬ ٜ‫أل‬ ‫أٙ١بساد‬ ٜ‫أ‬ ِٓ ‫إٌّغمخ‬.‫اعزشاحخ‬ ًّ‫ف‬ ُ‫ر‬ ‫ٚلذ‬ ‫ِٚبصٌٕب‬ ْ‫اٌّخبص‬ ٌٝ‫ا‬ ‫ثبإلضبفخ‬ ‫ٌٍّحّ١خ‬ ٜ‫اداس‬ ٕٝ‫ِٚج‬ ‫اٌضٚاس‬ ‫العزمجبي‬ ‫ٌٍض٠بسح‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ٓ١ِ‫ٚرؤ‬ ‫اٌّحّ١خ‬ ‫ٌزّٕ١خ‬ ‫اٌّدٙٛداد‬ ِٓ ‫اٌّض٠ذ‬ ‫ٕٔزؾش‬ ‫ٌٍضٚاس‬ ‫خذِ١خ‬ ‫ِٕشآد‬ ‫ٚإضبفخ‬.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.
  • 55. َ‫ٚاالفال‬ ٗ‫اٌصحبف‬ ْٛ١‫ف‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ٞ‫االثش‬ ‫ٚاٌغذ‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٚوبٌخ‬‫أٚٔب‬:‫اٌقثٛس‬ٍٝ‫ف‬َ‫فؾب‬‫حٛد‬‫ٚلٛالـ‬‫ثحش٠خ‬ ‫ٌـ‬ ‫رقٛد‬45‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٟٕ‫ثج‬ ‫عٕخ‬ ْٛ١ٍِ
  • 56. ًّ‫ف‬ ‫فش٠ك‬ ْ‫أ‬ ،‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬ ‫ِحبفؼ‬ ،ٝ‫اٌجز١ز‬ ٜ‫ِدذ‬ ‫اٌّغزشبس‬ ٍٓ‫أف‬ ُِٙ ٜ‫أثش‬ ‫عذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫فثشٚا‬ ‫ثبٌّحبفؾخ‬ ‫ا٢ثبس‬ ‫ِذ٠ش٠خ‬ ٝ‫أخصبئ‬ ِٓ ‫ٌٍغب٠خ‬-‫اٌٛاحذح‬ ٜ‫األ٠ذ‬ ‫أصبثـ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رقذ‬ ‫رىبد‬ ‫فذ٠ذح‬ ‫ّٔبرج‬ ‫ٚخٛد‬ َ‫ٌقذ‬ ٌُ‫اٌقب‬ ٜٛ‫ِغز‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬-ٝٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ٝٔ‫اٌ١ٛٔب‬ ‫ٌٍقصش‬ ‫٠قٛد‬.ْ‫أ‬ ‫ٚأضبف‬ ‫اٌغٛة‬ ِٓ ٕٝ‫ث‬ ‫ث١ّٕب‬ ،ٝ‫اٌغشث‬ ٗ‫خبٔج‬ ِٓ ‫اٌحدش‬ ِٓ ٕٝ‫ِج‬ ‫اٌدذ٠ذ‬ ‫اٌغذ‬ ‫ِحبفؾخ‬ َ‫صِب‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ٚ٠مـ‬ ،‫اٌششل١خ‬ ‫إٌبح١خ‬ ِٓ ‫ثبالثغزش‬ ٝ‫ٚغغ‬ ‫األحّش‬ ‫ثقذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫عٛ٠ف‬ ٕٝ‫ث‬70ٝ‫اٌششل‬ ‫اٌدٕٛة‬ ٌٝ‫ٚإ‬ ،ً١ٌٕ‫ا‬ ‫ششق‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬ ‫ثقذ‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٜ‫ٚاد‬ ‫ٌىٙف‬2ٓ١١ٔ‫اٌشِٚب‬ ْ‫ٚأ‬ ،‫ٚٔصف‬ ٍٛ١‫و‬ ‫رٌه‬ ٝ‫ف‬ ‫ِصش‬ ٍٝ‫ف‬ ‫رمـ‬ ٝ‫اٌز‬ ‫اٌغ١ٛي‬ ٖ‫ِ١ب‬ ‫ٌحدض‬ ‫اٌغذ‬ ‫اعزخذِٛا‬ ‫اٌٛلذ‬.
  • 57. ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬..‫األسض‬ ‫رحذ‬ ‫اٌدٕخ‬ ً‫ٔم‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫اٌصٛس‬ ‫ٚرقدض‬ ‫عٕٛس‬ ٞ‫ٚاد‬ ‫وٙف‬ ‫ٚصف‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌىزبثخ‬ ً‫رفش‬ ٌٟ‫إ‬ ‫ثبٌشحٍخ‬ ‫ل١بِه‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫اٌمبسا‬ ٞ‫ع١ذ‬ ً٠‫ثذ‬ ‫٠ٛخذ‬ ‫ال‬ ،ٖ‫٠ضٚس‬ ِٓ ‫إحغبط‬ ٓ‫ف‬ ٟ‫ٚرحى‬ ‫اٌدّبي‬ ‫ثآ٠بد‬ ‫األسض‬ ‫فّك‬ ‫رحذ‬ ‫صخٛس‬ ٗ١‫ف‬ ‫رٕغك‬ ْ‫ِىب‬ ‫اٌخبٌك‬ ‫لذسح‬ ‫ثدالي‬ ‫ّح‬‫ج‬‫رغ‬ ‫ٚحم١مخ‬ ،‫رخ١ٍٙب‬ ٓ‫٠ّى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫خغشاف١ب‬..‫حم١مخ‬ ‫فّش٘ب‬45َ‫فب‬ ْٛ١ٍِ!ٟ‫ع١بح‬ ٍُ‫ِق‬ َ‫أِب‬ ‫إٔٔب‬ ٓ‫ٔؾ‬ ‫وٕب‬ ‫ٌٍىٙف‬ ‫ص٠بسرٕب‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٌُ‫ٌٍقب‬ ‫ٚٔمٛي‬ ،ٗ‫ث‬ ‫ٔفخش‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫حمٕب‬ ِٓ:‫اٌخبٌك‬ ‫٠ذ‬ ٗ‫أثذفز‬ ‫ِب‬ ‫ٌزشب٘ذٚا‬ ‫ٍّ٘ٛا‬ ،ًٙ‫ثبٌد‬ ّٖٛٙ‫ار‬ ‫اٌىٙف‬ ‫اوزشف‬ ِٓ ٓ‫ٌى‬ ،‫ِصش‬ ‫أسض‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ً‫خج‬ ٓ‫ثغ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ َ‫أِب‬ ٗ‫ٌفزح‬ ‫خغظ‬ ِٓٚ ،‫األِٕ١خ‬ ‫اٌ١ذ‬ ٗ‫أٚلفز‬ ‫ٌٍىٕض‬ ‫٠شٚج‬ ْ‫أ‬ ‫حبٚي‬ ِٓٚ ‫اٌّىبرت‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ٓ١‫اٌشٚر‬ ‫فجذح‬ ‫ٚٔدح‬ ،‫األثٛاة‬ ٗٙ‫ٚخ‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫أغٍمٛا‬ ٓ٠‫اٌضائش‬ ِٓ ‫أوثش‬ ‫ِذاس‬ ٍٟ‫ف‬ ‫اٌحىِٛ١خ‬20ْ‫أعٕب‬ ‫ٚإٌمبء‬ ‫اٌدّبي‬ ‫حدت‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫فبِب‬ ‫اإلّ٘بي‬ ً‫ٚح‬ ٟ‫ف‬ ‫األٌّبط‬