NIOS Std X, Social Science Ch 18 local government and field administration

1. Local Government and field
administration

2. Union or central
Government
Legislative Executive Judiciary
Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
Parliament
Prime Minister
Council of Ministers
Supreme Court
Chief Justice of India
Other Judges of
the Supreme
Court

3. Legislative Judiciary
Vidhan Parishad
Vidhan Sabha
High Court
Chief Justice of
High Court
Other Judges of
the High Court
Subordinate or
Lower courts
State Government
Executive
Chief Minister
Council of Ministers

4. Local Government
Urban Local Government
Zilla Parishad
District level
Panchayati Samitti
Gram Panchayat
Municipal Corporations
Municipal Councils
Nagar Panchayats
For Semi urban areas.
Gram Sabha
All adults (18yrs above) of the
village
Municipal Corporations
For big cities
Municipal Councils
For small cities
Local Government
Zilla Parishad
District level
Municipal Corporations
For big cities
Zilla Parishad
District level
Municipal Councils
For small cities
Municipal Corporations
For big cities
Zilla Parishad
District level
Panchayati Samitti
Gram Panchayat
Municipal Councils
For small cities
Municipal Corporations
For big cities
Zilla Parishad
District level
Nagar Panchayats
For Semi urban areas.
Panchayati Samitti
Gram Panchayat
Municipal Councils
For small cities
Municipal Corporations
For big cities
Rural Local government
Panchayati Raj system
Urban Local Government
Zilla Parishad
District level

5. Gram Sabha
All adults (18yrs above) of the
village
Panchayati Samitti
Gram Panchayat
Zilla Parishad
District level
A Gram Sabha consists of all the adults living in the
area of a Gram Panchayat.
Gram Panchayat consists of members elected by the
adult residents (Gram Sabha) of the village. It is
headed by Sarpanch.
This is the middle level of the Panchayat Raj system or
the Block Level. It is made up of few Gram
Panchayats.
It is at the top of the Panchayat Raj system. It is at a
district level. It is made up of few Panchayat Samitti’s
or Blocks.

7. Local government
• 1. Local government is a government of the local people, by
the local people and for the local people.
• 2. They are able to see the problems and give solutions to the
problem of the local people.
• 3. The local government is the one closest to the people.
• 4. Local government is a government that works at the lowest
level.

8. • Constitutional amendment that greatly
influenced the organization and functioning
of the local government
• The 73rd and the 74th Constitutional
amendment acts 1992.

9. 5 characteristics of the 73rd constitutional amendment.
• 1. India will have a 3 tier Panchayat Raj System – village, middle and
district levels
• 2. Seats will be reserved for SC and ST.
• 3. 1/3rd of the seats will be reserved for women.
• 4. There will be direct elections every five years.
• 5. Gram Sabha will be established to take decisions.
• 6. State Finance commission will be established to improve the
Panchayat finance.
• 7. State Election commission will be established to conduct elections.

10. • Which states /UT’s have not used the 73rd and
74th amendment in their legislation?
• Jammu and Kashmir, NCT Delhi and
Uttaranchal.

11. • What is a Gram Sabha?
• A Gram Sabha consists of all the adults living in the area of a
Gram Panchayat.
• The main functions of the Gram Sabha.
• 1. The Gram Sabha members elect
Sarpanch of the Gram Panchayat.
and the members –Panches of the Gram Panchayat.
• 2.They review the annual accounts of the Panchayat.
• 3. They discuss various reports.
• 4. They accept services and schemes for the Panchayat.
Gram Sabha

12. Gram Panchayat
• Gram Panchayat consists of members elected by the adult residents (Gram
Sabha) of the village. It is headed by Sarpanch.
• 1. The Sarpanch is the head.
• 2. Deputy Sarpanch
• 3. 5 – 9 members called the Panches.
• 4. It is elected for 5 years.
• 5. Seats are also reserved for SC and ST.
• 6. 1/3rd seats are reserved for women.

13. Functions of the Gram Panchayat
• The welfare and development of the village is the responsibility of
the Gram Panchayat.
• 1. Provide safe drinking water.
• 2. Paving of streets.
• 3. Sanitation and drainage.
• 4. Maintenance and construction of roads.
• 5. Street lighting
• 6. Cleanliness of the village.
• Discretionary functions – i.e if they have funds and resources.
• a. Tree plantation
• b. setting up and maintaining sports grounds etc.

15. The sources of Income of the Gram Panchayats?
(GTRFD)
• 1. Taxes on property, land, goods and cattle.
• 2. Fines of different types.
• 3. Grants from state and union government.
• 4. A part of land revenue collected by the
state government.
• 5. Donations from villagers.

16. Panchayat Samiti
• This is the middle level of the Panchayat Raj
system.
• It is made up of –
All Sarpanches,
MP’s, MLA’s and MLC’s,
Elected members of that block and
Some officers of that Block.

17. The functions of Panchayat Samaiti
• 1) To promote and coordinate different development
programs of their areas.
• 2) To prepare annual plans and budgets for their areas.
• 3) To implement some specific plans for their areas.
• 4) To look after the development works being done by Gram
Panchayats.
• 5) To look after development in agriculture and irrigation
facilities.

18. The sources of income of the
Panchayat Samiti
(GTR)
• 1. Grants given by the State government.
• 2. Taxes.
• 3. A part of land revenue.

19. Zilla Parishad Functions
• 1. Provides essential service to rural population.
• 2. Plans and executes development programmes.
• 3. Supplies improved seeds and teaches farmers new methods in
farming
• 4. Starts schools, libraries, markets in villages.
• 5. Starts primary health centres and hospitals in villages.
• 6. Plans for development of adivasis, SC/ST
• 7. Encourages Small scale industries, cottage industries, handicrafts,
dairy farms etc.

20. The sources of income of the Zilla Parishad?
(GTRIF)
• 1. Taxes, License fees, market fees.
• 2. A part of land revenue.
• 3. Income from different properties of the Zilla Parishad.
• 4. Grants from State and Central government.
• 5. Funds given by the state for development activities.

21. Urban Local Government
• The three urban local bodies.
• a) Municipal Corporations for the big cities.
• b) Municipal Council for cities with smaller population.
• c) Nagar Panchayats for semi urban areas.

22. The difference between PRI and the
urban local bodies
• Under the PRI system all bodies are closely
linked.
• While the urban local bodies are all
independent.

23. The significant changes brought about by the 74th
constitutional amendment
• The 74th Constitutional amendment brought significant changes in the
structure and functioning of the urban local government.
• 1. Constitution of urban local bodies e.g. Municipal Corporation.
• 2. Constitution of ward Committee.
• 3. Constitution of state Finance Commission.
• 4. Constitution of District Planning Committee.
• 5. Regular and fair Municipal elections.
• 6. Representation of weaker sections i.e. Schedule caste, schedule tribe,
women etc.
• 7. Functional responsibilities given to municipal ward committee.

24. Municipal Corporation
• 1. Municipal Corporations are established in
big cities.
• 2. The councilors are elected for 5 years.
• 3. From the Councillors, the Mayor is elected.
• 4. 1/3rd seats are reserved for women.
• 5. Seats are also reserved for SC/ST.
• 6. The Municipal commissioner is the chief
Executive officer(CEO).

25. • The state government appoints the Municipal
commissioner.
• and in case of a Union Territory it is done by
the Central government.
• The first citizen of the city- The Mayor.

26. the functions of the Municipal
Corporations
• The main functions of the Municipal Corporations are as follows:
(HEEP-BD)
• 1. Health and Sanitation
• 2. Electricity and Water Supply.
• 3. Education.
• 4. Public Works like construction of roads.
• 5. Birth and Death records.
• 6. Discretionary functions
– a. Entertainment
– b. Cultural
– c. Sports Activity
– d. Welfare services

27. Functions of a Mayor
• a. Preside over meetings of the corporations.
• b. Act as a link between the Councillors and
the state government.
• c. Receive foreign dignitaries visiting the city.

28. The sources of income of the
Municipal Corporations (GTR OC)
• 1. Income from taxes
• 2. Water supply charges, Electricity charges,
toll taxes and other fees.
• 3. Grants from state and central government.
• 4. Income from rents.

29. Municipal Council
• Cities which do have small population have municipal
councils.
• 1. Every Municipal council has councilors who are
elected by the adult voters of the city.
• 2. The councilors are elected for 5 years.
• 3. A chairperson or President of the municipal council
is elected from among the Councillors.
• 4. The Municipal council also has a Executive officer
who is appointed by the state government, who looks
after the day to day work and the administration.
• 5. Other important officers are the health officer, the
Tax superintendent, civil engineer, etc.

30. The Functions of the Municipal Council are as follows:
• 1. Health and sanitation.
• 2. Electricity and Water supply.
• 3. Education.
• 4. Public works.
• 5. Birth and Death records.

31. The sources of Income of the
Municipal Council
• 1. Taxes.
• 2. Rents and Fees/charges
• 3. Grants
• 4. Fines.

32. Nagar Panchayat
• An urban centre with more than 30,000 and
less than 100,000 people has a Nagar
Panchayat.
• 1. It has a Chairperson
• 2. Ward members –
ten elected
and three nominated.

33. The functions of the Nagar Panchayat
• 1. Cleanliness of the city
• 2. Supply of drinking water
• 3. Public facilities like street lights, parking
spaces etc.
• 4. Setting up fire services.
• 5. Birth and death records

34. The sources of Income of the Nagar Panchayats
GTRF
• 1. Taxes: water tax, house tax, toll tax.
• 2. Fees: License fees, etc.
• 3. Rents
• 4. Grants from state government.

35. District Administration
• Every district also has an administrative
machinery.
• In every district there are sub districts and Block
Talukas.
• The key officials at the district level are :-
• 1. District Collector
• 2. Superintendent of Police.
• 3. District Education officer.
• 4. District Agriculture officer
• 5. District Forest Officer, etc.

36. District Administration
District Collector
Superintendent of
Police.
District Agriculture officer
District Forest Officer

37. The role of District collector is very important; he/she belongs
to the Indian Administrative Service.
• 1. He represents the government in the district.
• 2. He maintains law and order.
• 3. He listens to the people’s complaints and tries to
solve them.
• 4. He supervises smooth running of projects.
• 5. He supervises supply of essential goods.
• 6. During emergencies like floods, earthquakes etc.
he takes full charge of all rescue operations.
• 7. He manages the collection of revenue and taxes.
• 8. He ensures conduct of free and fair elections.

38. Sub Divisional Officer
• 1. Each district is divided into smaller units called Sub divisions.
• 2. The officer in charge of the sub division is called the Sub
Divisional Officer.
• 3. The SDO assists the district collector in the field of
administration.
• 4. The SDO belongs to the IAS or the state civil Service.
• 5. He keeps land records and collects land revenues.
• 6. He authorizes driving licenses, Domicile certificates.

39. Block Development Officer or the BDO.
• The Block is the unit of administration at the lowest
level. The officer in charge is called the Block
Development Officer or the BDO.
• 1. The BDO supervises development in the block.
• 2. He checks and prepares budget.
• 3. He keeps records.
• 4. He is the secretary of the Panchayat.
• 5. He is helped by officers e.g. Agriculture officer and
fisheries officer.
• 6. He takes special projects for SC and ST.