Urban Flooding - Causes and Management Presentation Made to AMR-APARD

1. Urban Flooding: Causes and Management Disaster Management”, from 27th -29th October 2009 Rajendranagar, Hyderabad Dr. N. SaiBhaskar Reddy, CEO, GEO http://www.e-geo.org saibhaskarnakka@gmail.com

3. The most affected districts in Andhra Pradesh are Kurnool, Krishna, Guntur, Nalgonda and Mahaboobnagar.

4. Over 1.3 million people are displaced from their homes. The official death toll is 199 people with 6,295 livestock that have also perished in the six districts.

5. As many as 478 villages in 87 mandals have been severely hit in the last four days with the heaviest flooding that River Krishna has seen in more than a 100 years.

6. 42,000 houses in Kurnool and 11,680 houses in MahaboobnagarGuntur District are severely affected.

7. Millions of acres of agriculture which include paddy, cotton, turmeric, maize, chilly and many other commercial crops are also damaged.Imageries

8. SriSailam Project and NagarjunaSagar 10/6/2009 North America Telugu Society Inc. (NATS)

9. Krishna River

10. Krishna River Vijayawada

11. Photo Gallery

12. Photo Gallery

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15. Photo Gallery

17. Types and causes of floods 3.0 TYPES OF FLOODING 3.1 According to Duration Slow-Onset Flooding, Rapid-Onset Flooding, Flash Flooding. 3.2 According to Location Coastal Flooding, Arroyos Flooding, River Flooding and Urban Flooding. The urban area is paved with roads etc and the discharge of heavy rain can’t absorbed into the ground due to drainage constraints leads to flooding of streets, underpasses, low lying areas and storm drains. 4.0 CAUSES OF URBAN FLOODING 4.1 Natural Causes 4.1.1 Heavy Rainfall / Flash floods Water of Heavy rainfall concentrates and flows quickly through urban paved area and impounded in to low lying area raising the water level. It creates more havoc when a main drain or a river passing through the area over-flows or breaches 4.1.2 Lack of Lakes Lakes can store the excess water and regulate the flow of water. When lakes become smaller, their ability to regulate the flow become less and hence flooding. 4.1.3 Silting The drains carry large amounts of sediments and deposited in the lower courses making beds shallower thus channel capacity is reduced. When there is heavy rain, these silted drains can’t carry full discharge and result in flooding.

18. 4.2 Human Causes 4.2.1 Population pressure Because of large amount of people, more materials are needed, like wood, land, food, etc. This aggravates overgrazing, over cultivation and soil erosion which increases the risk of flooding. 4.2.2 Deforestation Large areas of forests near the rivers/catchment of cities are used to make rooms for settlements, roads and farmlands and is being cleared due to which soil is quickly lost to drains. This raises the drain bed causing overflow and in turn urban flooding. 4.2.3 Trespassing on water storm drains The areas which were essentially created by the storm water drains to let their flood waters pass freely being tress-passed for developmental purposes result in obstruction of water flow and thus contributed immensely to the fury of floods.

19. 4.2.4 Urbanisation leads to paving of surfaces which decreases ground absorption and increases the speed and amount of surface flow. The water rushes down suddenly into the streams from their catchment areas leading to a sudden rise in water level and flash floods. Unplanned urbanisation is the key cause of urban flooding. Various kinds of depression and low lying areas near or around the cities which were act as cushions and flood absorbers are gradually filled up and built upon due to urbanisation pressure. This results in inadequate channel capacity causing urban flooding. 4.2.5 Un Authorised colonies have been developed by the local colonisers on the agriculture land, earlier being used for crop has been purchased at lucrative prices from farmers, without consideration to the city plans ,drainage, sewerage etc. and thus subjected to flooding during heavy rain falls. 4.2.6 Poor Water and Sewerage Management Old drainage and sewerage system has not been overhauled nor is it adequate now .All the drainage and sewer system in many parts of Delhi has collapsed resulting in flooding. This can be seen during rainy seasons every year. 4.2.7 Lack of attention to the nature of hydrological system. 4.2.8 Lack of flood control measures. 4.2.9 Multiple authorities in a city but owning responsibility by none.

20. CAUSE OF FLOODS

21. Impacts - loss of human life - flooding of housing, commercial and industrial properties - flooding of streets, intersections and transportation systems, causing traffic delays - recurring basement backups from surcharged sanitary sewers - inflow of stormwater into sanitary sewers - municipal waste water treatment plant by-passing - combined sewer overflows - spilling the surcharged sewers content into streets - damage to public and personal property - health hazards - disruption of services such as water supply, sewerage and power supply - delays in public transportation - cleanup demands - adverse effects upon the aesthetics - disturbance of wildlife habitats - economic losses - pollution of local waterways and receiving water bodies

22. Flood Management Planning - reducing exposure of people and property to flood hazards - reducing existing level of flood damages - minimising soil erosion and sedimentation problems - protecting environmental quality and well-being by reducing in-the-catchment pollution - improving the usefulness of floodplains - minimising receiving water pollution - reducing future after-development flow rates to pre-development levels - enhancing recreational opportunities and improving overall urban amenities - replenishing ground water - supplementing domestic water supply - capturing water for irrigation - protecting public health - providing open space and parklands - using stormwater as a resource

23. Godavari, most severe recorded flood, in 1986, lasted for 20 days

24. Godavari Floods August 2000 Hyderabad, Aug 28: THe Godavari river was in spate and rising rapidly all along its course in Andhra Pradesh today, posing a flood threat to five districts even as the state government was grappling with last week's havoc wrought by floods that had claimed 141 lives. low-lying areas in Karimnagar, Warangal, Adilabad, Khammam and Nizamabad were being evacuated and the district administration had been put on alert to take up rescue and relief operations. Following heavy rains in catchment areas of Pranhita in Maharashtra, Godavari level was rising rapidly all along its course from Nanded to Dowleshwaram in east Godavari districts, he said. The Godavari basin districts had received a record 42 cm rainfall since Sunday triggering a flood threat to Karimnagar, Adilabad, Warangal, Khammam and Nizamabaddistricts. The flood water entered 23 island villages in west Godavari district while the famous Kolleru lake in the district was in spate inundating one lakh hectares of paddy crop. In the last week's floods, 141 people had died and over 3,090 villages, spread over 13 districts, were affected with 298 villages being totally marooned. Over 54,000 houses and 12,247 roads were damaged and the preliminary estimation of losses to public property was put at Rs 776 crore.

31. For regulating flood plain use: - zoning ordinances - floodplain regulation - waste disposal regulation - groundwater quality protection regulation - subdivision ordinances - building ordinances - reduction of population densities - regulation of squatter settlement in flood prone areas - prohibiting specific functions of land - relocating elements that block the floodway - regulating the building material - providing escape routes to higher places - state regulated and sponsored insurance policy

33. Management Community based disaster preparedness programs

35. The Disaster Management Bill, 2005 Disaster Management Act, 2005 The National Disaster Management Authority National Disaster Response Force State Disaster Management Authority DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DM COMMITTEE DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT CELL / TASK FORCE / RELIEF AND REHABILITATION CELL District Disaster Management Authority MP / MLA ZP CHAIRPERSON DISTRICT COLLECTOR / JOINT COLLECTOR / CEO PUBLIC / PVT / NGO RDO / SUB-COLLECTOR Departments Municipal Corporation LAW AND ORDER ENGINEER DM SOCIETY at Municipality MRO / MDO AGRICULTURE MPTC / ZPTC HEALTH DMC / DMS Organisational Structure (Suggested) DMCs of each area WARD / GRAM PANCHAYAT DM COMMITTEE TASK FORCE TEAMS CBOs – SELF-HELP GROUPS, ETC. FIRST AID SHELTER MANAGEMENT RELIEF RESCUE WARNING

36. Pre flood activities Conducting meeting in the villageS / Wards regarding the possible extent of flood and actions to be taken. Checking of all rescue material. i.e.- bottles, coconut, ropes, thermocoal boats, etc Early warning group preparation Identification of old people, pregnant ladies, kids Identification of high raised place Rice collected from all households First aid material made ready Radio / TV news by warning groups

37. During flood activities Announcement in the village Evacuation to safer place to old age people, ladies, kids, sick people & live stock Moved people to safer place (i.e. aged people, pregnant women, children, sick people etc…) Arrangement for temporary shelter Approached Govt. for emergency relief Availed rice and dal from Government for camp. Use high raised bore well for drinking water Monitor the Water levels and receding status.

38. Post flood activities Flood Area survey House damage survey Water logging sites survey Call to govt. medical team for medication Cleaning of Debris and cleaning whole Village. Bleaching powder spreading in water and logging areas House damage assessment Crop damage assessment (both the reports were given to the govt officials, they were so amazed to see that how accurately it has been done. Further the compensation and new houses were sectioned according to this assessment. Relief from Govt. & NGOs distributed through DMC & Task force Govt. Relief distributed equally in the village Sick people were taken to hospital

39. SOCIAL SOCIAL ROLE OF GRAM PANCHAYAT ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE VILLAGE POPULATION AND %AGE OF VULNERABLE AGE GROUP POVERTY OF THE HOUSEHOLDS LOCAL INSTITUTIONS TASK FORCE

40. HUMAN KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS KNOWLEDGE / UNDERSTANDING LOCAL SPECIFIC INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE NETWORKING INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING COMMUNICATION TRAINING AWARENESS SENSITIZATION

41. INFLUENCE OF SCHEMES AND PROGRAMME / GRANTS OR SUBSIDIES PHYSICAL RELIEF CENTERS: HIGH REACH AREAS AND SHELTERS (SCHOOLS / COMMUNITY CENTERS / RELIGIOUS PLACES, ETC.) ACCESS TO PUCCA HOUSES / RAISED BOREWELLS LIFE SAVING EQUIPMENT BOATS / LIFE JACKETS / ETC. FOOD / COOKING NEEDS, LIGHTING AND OTHER ESSENTIALS ROADS AND COMMUNICATION AND WARNING SYSTEMS INFORMATION

42. ACCESS TO CPR AND MANAGEMENT NATURAL LIVESTOCK FISHERIES, MICRO-ENTERPRISES, ETC. AGRICULTURE CHOICE OF CROP AND SHORT DURATION LAND DEVELOPMENT AND ACCESS TO IRRIGATION INPUT, PRACTICES AND OUTPUT SUPPORT

43. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOODS OCCURANCE AND INTENSITY DROUGHT OCCURANCE AND INTENSITY CLIMATE VARIABILITY FACTORS

44. FINANCIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE OF COMMUNITY SHGs MICRO-FINANCE ACCESS TO LOANS FROM BANKS SUPPORT ORGANISATIONS PROJECTS / PROGRAMMES / RELIEF COMPENSATION / GRANT / RELIEF AND REHABILITATION SUPPORT FROM GOVT. AND OTHER AGENCIES DMC VULNERABILITY REDUCTION FUND (VRF)

45. Policy The Government of India, initiated the following measures related to disasters management: The Disaster Management Bill, was passed in 2005 Disaster Management Act, came into existence in 2005 The National Disaster Management Authority was formed National Disaster Response Force is also formed Provided facilities for formation of State Disaster Management Authority, District Disaster Management Authority and local authorities. The Disaster Management Unit of Andhra Pradesh under the Ministry of Finance, initially would be involved in the following activities: formation of a long-term mitigation policy undertaking key hazard studies restoring and strengthening infrastructure with improved design use of innovative methods such as the setting up of the Vulnerability Reduction Fund Trust improved methods of capacity building through innovative training and orientation programmes and community participation extensive use of mass media and multimedia.

46. District level Short term and long term measures by Govt., Institutions, organizations and community at different levels anticipated as such.

47. MANDAL/ FEDERATION LEVEL

48. VILLAGE / HABITATION / WARD LEVEL

49. References North America Telugu Society Inc. (NATS)