1. WELCOME AND NAMASTE
A Term Paper Presentation on
Silvicultural Characteristics of Three Tree Species on
Subtropical Region
By
Mr. Yam Bahadur Rumba
M.Sc. Forestry
(2013-2015)
Institute of Forestry, Pokhara

2. Presentation Outline
 Introduction
 Silvicultural Characteristics of Pinus roxburghii
 Silvicultural Characteristics of Alnus nepalensis
 Silvicultural Characteristics of Schima wallichii
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and
economic development. Nepal has a very diverse flora with 35
forest types.
 These forest types are categorized in ten major groups- tropical,
subtropical broad-leaved, subtropical pine, lower temperate
broad-leaved, lower temperate mixed broad-leaved, upper
temperate broad-leaved, upper temperate mixed broad-leaved,
temperate coniferous, sub-alpine and alpine scrub forests.
 The sub-tropical forest includes two major groups namely i)
subtropical broad-leaved forest and ii) subtropical pine forest.
The altitude of subtropical forest ranges from 1000-2000m in
the
west
and
1000-1700m
in
the
east
(www.forestrynepal.org/notes/silviculture/forest-types/2).

4. Pinus roxburghii
1. Introduction:
• Family
Pinaceae
• Scientific name
Pinus roxburghii
• Common name
Chir pine
• Local name
Khote salla, Aule salla, Rani salla
 Evergreen, subtropical tree species capable of
growing to over 50m high and 1 m in diameter.
 important tree species in Nepal for its use in timber
as well as valuable resin.

5. Pinus roxburghii Contd.......
2. Silvicultural Characteristics:
 Light: Strong light demander.
 Frost: Frost hardy
 Soil: tolerant of the poor soil condition, tolerate a wide
range of pH values, avoids badly drained soil.
• Fire: fire resistant.
• Grazing and browsing: very sensitive to grazing and
browsing.
• Coppice: Bad coppicer.
• Disease: susceptible to brown needle disease, and needle
rust.
• Growth: slow growing species.

6. Alnus nepalesis
1. Introduction:
• Family
Betulaceae
• Scientific name
Alnus nepalensis
• Common name
Alder
• Local name
Utis
 deciduous or semi deciduous tree with a straight trunk that
reaches upt 30m in height and 60cm (rarely 2m) in diameter
(NFTA 1990).
 most common above 900m (upto 2700m).
 important tree species for its use in good quality paper and
plywood.
 In eastern Nepal, many community forest user groups have
planted cardamom under utis.

7. Alnus nepalensis Contd.......
2. Silvicultural Characteristics:
 Light: light demander can tolerate shade also.
 Frost:
moderately frost hardy, seedlings are
defoliated by frost and often killed.
 Soil: prefers soils with high water content (moist
and well-drained) but can colonize rocky sites
exposed by landslips.
• Fire: fire resistant.

8. Alnus nepalensis Contd.......
• Grazing and browsing: sensitive to grazing and
browsing.
• Coppice: coppices fairly
• Disease: susceptible to
attack by defoliators
(Oriena sp.), stem borers (Batocera sp.)
• Growth: growth rates vary according to differences
in soil moisture content.
• Other: fixes atmospheric nitrogen.

9. Schima wallichii
1. Introduction:
• Family
Theaceae
• Scientific name
Schima wallichii
• Common name
Schima, Needlewood
• Local name
Chilaune, aule chilaune, goe chassi
 an evergreen, medium-sized to large tree growing to 47m in
height; bole cylindrical, branchless for up to 125 (max. 250)
cm (http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org).
 very common in central and eastern Nepal between 9002000m.
 used in medium-heavy construction, for making pulp and
plywood, bark used as fish poison.

10. Schima wallichii Contd.......
2. Silvicultural Characteristics:
 Light: moderately light demander.
 Frost:
moderately frost hardy, seedlings are
sensitive.
 Soil: grows naturally on a very wide range of soil
types, but prefers well-drained soils.
 Fire: fairly resistant to fire from the age of 5 years.

11. Schima wallichii Contd.......
• Grazing and browsing: sensitive to grazing and
browsing in seedling stage.
• Coppice: good coppicer
• Disease: susceptible to
attack by borers
(Trachylophus approximator), timber is prone to
attack by wood-rotting fungi.

12. Conclusion
 Subtropical forest includes two major groups of
forests viz., subtropical broad-leaved and
subtropical pine forest
 Pinus roxburghii, a light demander species, capable
of growing on poor sites, is widely distributed in
south facing slopes in lower altitudes and both south
and north facing slopes in its upper limits. It is
useful constructional timber and source of valuable
resin

13. Conclusion contd.........
• Alnus nepalensis is a light demander, fire resistant
species which grows in moist soil. It is grown in
forestry, agro-forestry and in land-slide areas to
check landslide and grows well on soils with high
water content. It produces medium quality timber
and is also used for making high-quality paper and
plywood.

14. Conclusion contd........
• Schima wallichii is an evergreen, mediumsized to large tree
• grows in wide range of soil types
• wood is used for medium-heavy construction
such as utility furniture, agricultural
implements, boxes and crates, poles, when
treated, for railway sleepers

15. Any Queries, Comments & Suggestions are
Heartily Welcomed !