Master Plan and Delhi Master Plan Case Study

1. Settlement
Planning
MASTER PLAN
SUBMITTED BY –
PRIKSHIT CHAUDHARY, 11611
SONIA SHARMA, 11612
SAHIL KAUNDAL, 11613
SUBMITTED TO –
DR. IP SINGH

2. Period of industrial revolution : 1760-1820
• Important epoch in the history of growth of cities.
• Between the world wars and especially after world war two – 1939-45.
• Many towns and cities have grown up without proper planning.
• Overgrown cities became a mess.
• Industries were set up in the heart of the cities.
• No consideration for transport and utility services
HISTORY
NEED OF MASTER PLAN

3. • Migration of rural population caused housing shortage and increased
congestion.
• Growing needs of automobiles : development of transport was
inadequate – over crowding again.
• Industries have encroached upon residential areas :shortage of open
spaces and recreational areas.
• To eradicate the evils of the ill planned cities, for general welfare of
citizens in respect of health, convenience and comfort : need for a
comprehensive master plan.
NEED OF MASTER PLAN

4. HISTORY

5. • The Master Plan is a statutory document envisaged for
and systematic development of urban areas for horizon year.
• It is essentially a land use and network with regulations to
control the intensity of use with provision for mid-term
appraisal/review. The master plan is both process and product
oriented.
• The proper development and management of urban areas calls for
accurate and vital data to be made available on a periodic basis in
order to formulate a responsive spatial planning framework
MASTER PLAN

6. • Any municipality, from small village to sprawling metropolis, can have a
master plan. Small communities will hire a private planning firm to prepare
a plan and submit it to the local government for approval. In big cities, the
department of city planning prepares the master plan.
• The plan itself is a document, sometimes hundreds of pages long, that
shows a community as it is and recommends how it should exist in the
future. It often contains diagrams, aerial photos, maps , reports and
statistical information that support the planner's vision
MASTER PLAN

7. FEATURES OF MASTER PLAN
• Population : the prospective population to be provided for next 30-50 years
based on the present population and its growth rate during last 3-4 decades.
• Density : standards vary for town center, suburb, type of building, etc. Avg.
overall density of 80-100 persons/acre is allowed
• Requirement of land : how many acres for over spill to rehabilitate and how
many acre for future growth.

8. • To guide development of a city in an orderly manner so as to improve the
quality of life of its citizens.
• Organize and coordinate the complex relationships between urban land uses.
• Chart a course for growth and change, be responsive to change and
maintain its validity over time and space, and be subject to review.
• Direct physical development of the city in relation to its social and economic
characteristics based on comprehensive surveys and studies on the present
status and the future growth prospects; and Provide a resource mobilization
plan for the proposed development.
• The implementation of the master plan thus facilitates the orderly and
planned development of cities in a sustainable manner and ultimately help
in achieving good governance.
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE MASTER PLAN :

9. • Physical characteristics and natural resources,
• City influence area & Settlement System
• Demography
• Economic base including employment in formal and informal sectors
• Housing and shelter
• Social infrastructures (health & education)
• Transport network (road, railway, water ways and airways)
• Utilities & services ( water supply, drainage and sewerage, solid waste
management and energy)
• Land use
• Resource mobilization and Investment Plans.
THE MAJOR CONTENTS OF THE MASTER PLAN

10. TERMINOLOGY
• Master Plan
 A Master Plan is a long-term plan prepared with the purpose of planned development of cities.
The document includes the space requirements for various uses and allocates land for the same.
 It also spells out the policies, guidelines as per the vision, goal and objectives of the plan. The
plan is based on comprehensive surveys and studies on the present status and the future growth
prospects which direct the physical development of the city.
• Zonal Plan
 The Zonal Plans detail out the policies of the Master Plan and pertain to a zone as identified by
the Master Plan. The development schemes and layout plans indicating various use premises
conform to the Zonal Plans.
 The formulation of the Zonal Plan is stipulated to be within one year as is the case regarding
Master Plan of Delhi. In the absence of a Zonal Plan of any area, the development is in
accordance with the provisions of the Master Plan.

11. • Structure Plan
 The Structure Plan is the planning framework for an area and includes the distribution of the
population, activities, the relationship between land use patterns and development activities and
the network and systems of communication, utilities and services respectively.
• Perspective Plan
 Perspective plan is a long term plan (20-25 years) that provides goals, policies, strategies and
general programmes of the urban local authority.
 The plan covers long term policies regarding spatial, economic development, development of
infrastructure and resource mobilization and a policy framework to the short term plans.

12. • Development Plan
 A development plan is a medium term plan (generally 5 years) prepared within the framework
of the approved perspective plan, providing to the people the comprehensive proposals for
socio-economic and spatial development of the urban settlement indicating the manner in
which the use of the land and development therein shall be carried out by the local authority
and other agencies.
• Annual Plan
 An annual plan conceived within the framework of development plan, is a plan containing the
details of new and ongoing projects that the local authority intends to implement during the
respective financial year and for which necessary fiscal resources shall be mobilized through
plan funds and other sources.

13. • Comprehensive Development Plan
 The development plans are worked on a reduced time span as compared to the
master plans, which to some extent has increased the effectiveness of the plans.

 Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) is one such effort anchored on the
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, which aims at creating
economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive cities. A CDP is
both a perspective as well as a vision document for future development of city.

14. LAND DISTRIBUTION
land is distributed for various uses such as
:
1. Residential
2. Commercial
3. Industrial
4. Public and semi public
5. Open spaces
6. Communication
7. Other special uses

15. GENERAL LAND USE PATTERN :
• Residential : 50-55 %
• Commercial : 2-5%
• Industrial use : 10-12%
• Public and semi public – 8-10 %
• Open spaces
• parks – 10-15 %
• playgrounds
• Communication – 15-18%
• Other special uses – about 5 %

16. • Road widening
• re-aligning
• Creating open spaces
• Parks
• Playgrounds
• Community facilities
PROPOSALS :

17. FORMULATION OF A MASTER PLAN
• Existing conditions and development issues;
• Projected requirements and assessment of deficiencies;
• Development aims and objectives
• Development proposals
• Resource mobilization proposals;
• Implementation
• Monitoring and review.
The detailed Methodology for formulation of Master plans for urban settlements has
been spelt out in the Urban Development Plans Formulation and Implementation
(UDPFI) Guidelines, 1996. The broad contents are:

18. Map of Settlement and environs
Base map
Direction of Growth
Broad Quantum of land
required for horizon
year
Survey Results and
Projections
DevelopmentStrategy
and hierarchy of
development
Proposed land use
Existing
Land use
Detailed Quantum of land
required for horizon year
Building Byelaws, if
applicable
Review
Development
Control
Phasing
Funding MechanismProject Prioritization and
Cost
Monitoring and
implementation
Zonal Development Plans
FORMULATION OF MASTER PLANS

19. The most crucial pre-requisite for preparing a Plan is an accurate and
updated Base Map of the planning area consisting of physical features
• topography
• drainage pattern
• water bodies
• road network
• Rail
• forest area
• settlement areas
• spatial extent of development.
THE BASE MAP

20. PLANNING LEVELS & DATA REQUIREMENT
Sl.No Level Scale Source of data
1 Regional Plan 1:50,000 Satellite Images
2 Sub-Regional Plan 1:25,000 Satellite Images
3 Development Plan /Master Plan 1:10,000 High Resolution Satellite
Data such as Cartosat -2
4 Zonal Plan 1:2,000 Aerial Photography
5 Site Plan (Planned areas) 1:1,000 Total Station
6 Site Plan (dense built up areas, 1:500
unplanned areas, slums,
unauthorized colonies)
Total Station

21. STEP BY STEP GUIDE FOR FORMULATING MASTER PLANS- AT A GLANCE
1 2 3 4 5 6
S.N
O
Task Scale Input Agency
Outp
ut responsible
1 Preparation of
Map showing
Settlement and
enviorns
1:25000/
1:50000
Cartosat/I
konos/QB
State Remote Map/ Drg of Settlement and
Sensing enviorns showing
Agency/ settlements, linkages,
outsourcing resources, water bodies etc.
2 Preparation of
Base map
Correlating
Cadastral
information
1:10000 -do- -do- Map/Drg of Settlement
showing built up areas,
existing network,natural
features, heritage areas etc
3. Socio –Economic
Survey
Questioner
/Proforma
design
ULB/Agency Collection & processing of
Responsible/ Ward/ House of House hold
Consultant data and Projections
4 Preparation of
existing Landuse
map
1:10000 Cartosat/I
konos/QB
Detailed Detailed existing landuse by
existing land types ie Residential,
use survey commercial, industry, etc

22. 1 2 3 4 5 6
S.N Task
O
Scale Input Agency
responsible
Output
5. Identification
of direction of
growth
1:1000
0
-do- Department/A
uthority/
Organisation
etc/ Consultant
Delineation of
Growth Prospects by
analysis of images
over various time
periods
6 Identification
of broad
Quantum of
land required
for horizon
year
1:1000
0
Existing density pattern
and norms for proposed
density
Department/A
uthority/
Organisation
etc/ Consultant
Delineation of
Areas for
Development
7. Identification
of detailed
Quantum of
land required
for horizon
year
1:10000
and
1:2000/
total
station
Density prescription as
per norms/ buildable
areas depending on slopes
and soil types/ areas for
re- development
depending on land
ownership, land value, age
, condition and height of
structures
Department/A
uthority/
Organisationet
c/
Consultant
Delineation of
Specific pockets for
Development

23. 2
1
3 4 5 6
S.NO Task Scale Input Agency responsible Output
8 Analysis of
Survey results
and projections
Sample surveys/ secondary Department/Authority/ Specific requirements data/
related studies Organisation etc/ of land for various uses
Consultant
9 Spelling out
hierarchy of
development
1:10,000 Norms and standards Department/Authority/ Identification of
Organisation etc/ planning divisions/
Consultant planning zones
10 Proposed land
use
1:10,000 GIS applications Department/Authority/ Map/drg showing
Organisation etc/ proposed landuse/
Consultant network for the horizon
year
11 Development
Control
Proposed landuse Department/Authority/
Organisation etc/
Consultant
Regulating building bulk by
activity/premises
consisting of uses allowed,
not allowed and those
allowed with conditions
12 Building
Byelaws, if
applicable
Development Control/NBC,
2005/Model BBl,2004/ Best
Practices
Department/Authority/
Organisation
etc/
Consultant
Regulating building
construction on
premises

24. 2
1
3 4 5 6
13 Phasing of
Development
1:10,000 Proposed landuse Department/Author
ity/
Organisation etc/
Consultant
Phase wise development
program proposed
14 Priortisation of
projects and
costing
1:10,000/
1:2000
Proposed landuse Department/Author
ity/
Organisation etc/
Consultant
Development
priorities
15 Funding
possibilities
Development Department/Author
priorities ity/
Organisation etc/
Consultant
Requirement of funds for
Master plan implementation
16 Monitoring and
implementati on
Development Client Agency
priorities
Review mechanism in place
17 Review Stakeholders State Govt Inequities are
addressed
18 Zonal
Development
Plans
1:2000 Existing land use Department/Author
surveys ity/
Organisation etc/
Consultant
Detailed development plans
for implementation

25. DELAY IN PLAN FORMULATION :-
Master Plans is a lengthy and time consuming process. The entire process of plan preparation
and its approval by State Govts, takes between three to five years in general, and often more
• Non-availability of latest base maps resulted in great difficulties in field data collection.
• Lack of adequate system of maintaining a data base hampered the informed decision
making by the local authorities.
• Manual graphic presentations were difficult and thus were limited where as production
of maps and visual data can be more easily understood and comprehended by common
people.
• No efficient system of data storage and retrieval, the monitoring of the master plan was
extremely difficult.
• Data sharing and coordination among the line departments is very poor

26. INTRODUCING
DELHI MASTER PLAN 2021

27. DELHI MASTER PLAN-2021

28. Objectives of Master Plan
•The main objective of master plan is to give direction to future growth of the
development area and making viable and practicable adjustment in the already
developed unplanned land.
•Assessment of proposals of previous master plan, achievements and validity in
today’s context.
•Formulation of proper goals and objectives for city’s organized development.
•Traffic and transportation: effective transportation system to be achieved.
•To provide the citizens with basic amenities/ services and it’s balanced distribution.
•Interrelationship between various land uses of the city.
•Historical buildings, places of architectural importance, conservation and
formulation of policies.
•To provide the city with a healthy physical environment.

29. Development of master plan 2021
Delhi Master plan-2021 was drafted in end 2005.
The Delhi Master Plan 2021 was finally notified on February 7, 2007, six
years after it was due.
The Plan acknowledges 7,000 objections/suggestions.
Board of Enquiry, which met 17 times.

30. VISION-2021
Vision 2021 is to make Delhi a global metropolis
and a WORLD CLASS city.
What the term “world class” means is undefined
except somewhat commitment “where all the
people would be engaged in productive work with
a better quality of life, living in a sustainable
environment”.
Though, this statement should logically apply to all
settlements and societies, whether “world class”
or not.

31. VISION-2021
The population of Delhi in 2001 was 138 lakh as against the MPD-2001
projection of 128 lakh.
MPD 2021 comments that “this has had its inevitable implications and
impact in terms of shelter, including squatter settlements and other
infrastructure facilities”.
But does not clarify how a mere 8 percent increase in population have
caused the entire city to come tumbling down to such an extent.
A serious attempt should be made to get a plan in place that will make
Delhi a LIVEABLE city, even if not a world class city.

32. POPULATION
As per 2001 Census, NCT of Delhi had a total
population of 138 lakh. NCT Delhi is highly
urbanized with 93.18% of its population living
in urban areas as against the national average
of 27.81%.
During the course of implementation of the
plan, attempt should be made to restrict the
population of Delhi lower than 220 lakhs.
This depends on the effective implementation
of policies and proposals of Regional Plan 2021
by Govt. of NCT Delhi.
Population Assignment-2021
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
NCR NCTD
Area
Population(inLakh)
Populatin (In Lakh)
POPULATION ESTIMATE AT FIVE YEAR INTERVAL
138
162
182
199
230
0
50
100
150
200
250
2001 2006 2011 2016 2021
YEARPopulationin(Lakhs)
Series2

33. HOUSING
Housing need is for 24 lakh new houses till
2021 for population of 23 Million.
For 24 lakh houses, we need proportionate no.
of shops. Provide them at the time we plan for
the residential complex.
This concept should be built at the planning
stage so that shops and other commercial
establishments can come up along with
houses.

34. HOUSING
There is considerable dependence between Delhi
and the NCR. Some population living in NCR would
be coming to Delhi to work and vice-versa.
One can certainly assume that the NCR can cater to
20% of the future population demands. 40% can be
dealt through re-densification of existing areas and
other 40 % through new addition.
What is estimated is that 450-500 hectares of land
would have to be acquired per annum for next 20
yrs., because of new developments. Still there is a
question regarding the feasibility of this
suggestion.
HOUSING NEED
20%
40%
40%
NCR
redevelopment/ upgradation
of existing reas
New Housing

35. HOUSING
◦ There is a very feeble act in the master plan: The
master plan suggests the following densities for
various categories.
◦ Slum housing (up to 30 sq.m)-600 DUs/Ha
◦ Category I (above30-upto40sq.m.)-500 DUs/ Ha
◦ Category II (above40-upto80sq.m.)-250 DUs/ Ha
◦ Category III (above80sqm) - 175 DUs/Ha
◦ The Master plan has varying density like 30sqm
i.e. 600 dwelling units per Hectare its impossible
to achieve that.
Housing Density
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Slum Category-I Category-II Category-III
Category
DwellingUnitsperHaectare
Series1

36. UNAUTHORISED COLONIES
 The demand for the unauthorized
colonies “which are to be
regularized, should be effectively
incorporated in the mainstream of
urban development”.
 This means the payment of heavy
penalties and development
charges by the offending parties,
without any fine being levied
on government agencies that
were supposed to have provided
“authorized” housing in the first
place.
 Unauthorized colonies came up as
there was a gap between
DEMAND and SUPPLY.

37. LANDUSE
MPD-2021 advocates the mixed land use
concept, to meet the growing demand of
commercial activities and overcome the
shortfall of available commercial space”.
But there is no explanation of why there
was a shortfall in the first place?
Mixed land use concept of MPD 2021 is a
welcome step.
LANDUSE DISTRIBUTION
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
ResidentialCom
m
ercial
Industrial
G
reen/recreational
Public
Sem
ipublic
Circulation
Land Use
%ofland
% of Land- MPD-2021
Zonewise Estimated Holding Capacity of Existing Urban
Area
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
HD
w
arkaR
ohiniIII
R
ohiniIV
&
V
N
arela
Zones
Populationin'000'
Holding Capacity 2001
Existing population
Holding Capacity 2021

38. MIXED LANDUSE
PROBLEMS
◦ The constant presence of outsiders/shoppers with no local loyalty will erode
residential quality and endanger the women, the children and the aged
◦ The water supply & power situations would be worsen.
◦ Vehicular movement with increased parking & goods supply would create chaos with
housing areas
SOLUTIONS
◦ Segregating entry points into housing and shopping areas as an exclusive public
domain for residential use which alone provide safety.
◦ Parking of housing should be separated and commercial parking should be severely
restricted. This would not only reduce vehicular nuisance , noise and dust pollution
but would also indirectly control the size of commercial activity.
◦ Water, Electricity sewerage and solid waste disposal etc would require increased
municipal inputs.

39. MIXED LANDUSE
Mixed land use has the following advantages.
◦ adds vitality to the city,
◦ cuts down commuting distance,
◦ saves time, energy and investments in transport infrastructure
to
◦ provide the citizens a more integrated daily life cycle.
◦ helps improve the quality of life in the city
◦ urban poor,
◦ the aged
◦ the children and
◦ the physically challenged.
Ironically, India's urban heritage also was built upon mixed use

40. WATER
The MPD 2021 Plan mentions that, in the
past, “the infrastructure provisions especially
those related to water have not matched the
pace of development”. But what does it plan
for the future?
There is, firstly, a dispute between DDA and
the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) about how much
water is required by an individual in Delhi.
The former stipulates 80 gallons per day,
while the latter has scaled it down to 60
gallons.
DDA projects 1,840 million gallons per day
(MGD) while DJB computes 1,380 mgd.
Against this, the current treatment capacity
in Delhi is just 805 mgd. where will all the
water come from?
Water Demand in (MGD)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
2007 2011 2021
Year
WaterDemandin(MGD)
Water Demand in (MGD)

41. SANITATION
Delhi's sanitation in a pathetic state.
Most of its sewer lines SILTED and NOT
FUNCTIONING, according to a UN
report.
A large proportion of Delhi's 5,600-km
of feeder sewers are silted and less
than 15 percent of the trunk sewer
line is functioning.
The city's 17 sewerage plants are
inadequate to process the waste, and
most of the plants operate far below
capacity.

42. SANITATION
The end result is that less than
half the waste is processed by the
sewerage plants before the filth is
dumped into the already polluted
Yamuna river.
Sewarage Augmentation Plan
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Okhla
Coronati
onpillar
Sen
Nursing
Timarpur
Rohini
Vasant
Kunj
Treatment Plant
Capacityin(MGD)
Capacity 2001 in (MGD
Capacity 2021 in (MGD

43. E- WASTE
Disposing of ordinary torch cell batteries may not strike you as dangerous.
In India, we use nearly 200,000 tonnes of industrial and domestic batteries
every year and dump them carelessly.
These batteries contain mercury, cadmium and lead - all substances lethal
to the human system.
Once they permeate into the water table, these cannot be fully removed by
any existing water purification system in the country
These metals cannot be excreted by the body. They accumulate in our
system and affect our mental health.

44. TRANSPORTATION
There was an urgent need to
streamline the basic transport
system before CWG-2010.
A study points out that commuters
are paying 150 percent more than
the actual auto fares in the city!
Metro Rail network proposal
covering a length of 56.76KM is a
good news.

45. PARKING POLICY
There is a proposal of making 175 new
parking sites, 18 new multi-level parking
facilities.
Opening up DTC depots for private
parking and revision of parking charges
for private transport.
It also approved formation of 43
corridors with 575 km route length for
Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System
for public transport.
Public transport must be encouraged.

46. TUNNEL ROAD PROJECT
A tunnel road project linking NH-24 to Lodhi
Road was proposed in draft Master Plan.
It will connect “Common wealth village site” and
“Jawahar lal Nehru stadium”.
The tunnel would pass under Sunder Nersury
(near HUMAYUS TOMB) and Neela Gumbad
ending near Jawahar Lal Stadium.
ASI, after thrice earlier rejecting a tunnel road
project finally approved it.

47. COMMON WEALTH VILLAGE(NEARAKHSHADHAM
TEMPLE)
The site for common wealth village wasselected
on the river bed near Akhshardham Temple.
Rupees 150 crore were earmarked for
developing the Commonwealth Village and Rs
400 crore for improvement of infrastructure
such as modernization and lengthening of
roads.

48. NEW STADIUMS
Indoor stadiums have been constructed
at the J.N. Stadium, I. G. Sports Complex,
Siri Fort and Yamuna Complex.
The Indian capital will have five new
stadiums.
These stadiums will come up in the heart
of the capital, which will create serious
problem of transportation.

49. Thanks…