CCTNS & Homeland Security

1. CCTNS & Homeland Security
A Geospatial Perspective
Sanjay Sahay,
ADGP, Police Computer Wing,
Bangalore

2. Crime & Criminal Tracking &
Network Systems
About the Program
• Mission Mode Project under the National
e-Governance Plan of Govt. of India
• IT-enabled-state-of-the-art tracking
system around 'Investigation of crime and
detection of criminals'
• An allocation of Rs. 2000 Crores has been
made for CCTNS Project.
• Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs
(CCEA) has approved the project on
19.06.2009.
Coverage
Approx. 14,000 Police
Stations throughout the
country
6000 higher offices in
police hierarchy
Circles, Sub-Divisions,
Districts, Range, Zones,
Police Headquarters, SCRB

3. Objective
Citizen friendly and more transparent Police functioning
Delivery of citizen-centric services through effective usage of ICT
Provide tools, technology and information to facilitate investigation of crime and
detection of criminals
Improve Police functioning areas such as Law and Order, Traffic Management etc.
Facilitate Interaction and sharing of Information among Police units
Assist senior Police Officers in better management of Police Force
Keep track of the progress of Cases, including in Courts

4. A FULLY FUNCTIONAL
NATIONAL DATABASE

5. Scope of Project
CCTNSData Centre /
DRC
Site
Preparation /
Infrastructure
Software
Enhancements
Capacity
Building
Data
Digitization

6. Scope of Project
SIData Centre /
DRC
Site
Preparation /
Infrastructure
Software
Enhancements
Capacity
Building
Data
Digitization

7. Police IT - CCTNS
• GoI accepted
Karnataka as
Lead State
• Both the
Projects get
integrated
• Mission
Mode Project
• Wipro, the
Developer
Police IT CCTNS
Lead
State
CCTNS
Police IT

8. Core Infrastructure - Karnataka

9. Software Scope
Core
Application
Software
Registration,
Investigation
&
Prosecution
Traffic
Citizen
Portal
Integration
Crime
Search and
Analysis
Law and
Order

10. Other Components
Infrastructure
• Client Site Infra
• Data Center
• DR Center
• Connectivity
Training
• Basic IT
• Role Based
• System Admin
Data
Digitization
• Crime Data
Digitization
• Data Migration

11. Advanced Solutions
CCTNS - II
Crime
Analytics
Mobile Data
Terminal
CAD based
PCR
AVLS
Traffic
Magt.
System
Business
Intelligence

12. Karnataka CCTNS - Update
Pending
Change Management
Program
Train The Trainer
ISO Policy
On-going
CAS-Gap Development
Citizen Portal
Center-State Integration
DR Center Set up
Completed
Site Preparation
Client Site Infrastructure
Data Center ( except SSO/SLB)
Police IT Enhancements

13. Center – State Integration
Karnataka
Crime DB
National Crime
DB
State-
1
State-
2
State-
3
State-
4
2-way data transfer

14. All Police Stations have all
relevant maps on display
Sand models have been a part of
standard training

15. The Map of today is the
Geospatial Information as the requirements are
much more complex yet precise, the demand
for which is dictated by ground realities.
Herein lies the need for Geospatial Information

16. Geospatial Technology ought to
be at the base of CCTNS
Google Earth
Google Maps
Mapmyindia

17. From Crime Analysis to
Homeland Security: A Role for
Neighborhood Profiling?

18. From Crime Analysis to Homeland Security
The Vulnerable Localities Index for Sandwell
in the West Midlands region of England. A
score of 100 is representative of the study
area’s average measure. Values greater than
100 indicate higher measures of vulnerability.
Areas with the highest VLI scores are those
that should receive focused neighbourhood
policing attention (Chainey 2004)

19. Distribution of postcodes with conflict-
related deaths in Belfast (1970–2004).
Peacelines are labeled

20. Schematic of spatial characteristics of Critical Risk Zones according to Olivares and Maghelal (2005)

21. Internal Security for Communities
Location of City of Bryan and Brazos County, Texas

22. Internal Security for Communities
Geo-coded addresses of reported sex crimes and suspected offenders

23. Proximity of perpetrators’ dwelling to location of crime they perpetrated than the designated buffers
creating child safe zones (Fig. 6.11), indicating the CSZs offer little impact as a preventative measure.

24. Map to show the 2,000 feet proposed buffer around premises where children congregate
including school bus stops

25. CCTNS – the road ahead
Geospatial Preparedness
The power of Processing
Appropriate
Geospatial Assets
Imagery/data as
required
Processing

26. CCTNS- the road ahead
Geospatial Preparedness
The power of Processing
Inputs as per software
requirements
Appropriate Software
Actionable Output

27. CCTNS – the road ahead
Geospatial Preparedness
The power of Processing
The human expertise
Standard Communications &
Operations
The data/the SP/the Ops
Commander all on the same
page, real time

31. Homeland Security
A Robust Counter Terrorism Mechanism
Watershed in Modern
Human History

32. Homeland Security
A Robust Counter Terrorism Mechanism
The attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 has
been by far the single most important event in the
history of the modern world and more so because it
forced the world to change its perception on the
nature of organization, the usage of technology,
the responses, the consolidation of activities and
spread of mechanisms needed to thwart the ever
growing terrorism the world over.

33. Mega City
Policing Project

34. Mega City Policing Project
Criticality of mega cities as economic
growth engines
Formidable beginning for war against terrorism
Connecting the cities would lead to a
national network
Returning to normalcy insurmountable

35. Leveraging Technology for HLS
Gaping holes in technology
Functionalities cannot be achieved when basic
issues related to execution, back end
processes and its robustness is still in
question
Need of the hour: identification of
technological platforms as first foundation
stones of HLS in India

36. Technological Framework
Command and Control Centre (CCC)
Interception Systems (IS)
City Based Video Surveillance System
(CBVSS)

37. Command and Control Center (CCC)
Integrating all fields – radio, audio,
video, text, data, images and graphics
Through a viable command and control
center software
Creation of a state of the art C4i

38. Interception Systems( IC)
Capability to monitor and penetrate
any mode of communication/storage
Connect to HLS specific
requirements
Analyse on a real time basis
Up-gradation and Scalability inbuilt

39. City Based Video Surveillance
System (CBVSS)
Proven track record of providing best
possible information ( video footage )
Ajmal Kasab
Technologically way ahead of CCTV networks
Inbuilt video analytics provides the connects
Integrated system. Deterrent and a must!!!

41. Technological Framework
TETRA Radio Network (TRN)
Geospatial Technology for HLS (GTHLS)
ERP Solution, RDBMS and Integration
(ERI)

42. TETRA Radio Network (TRN)
 TETRA – A Public Safety Network
 Fully digital mode
 Complete integration of all communication
gadgets
 Delivery of high quality voice/data/other
outputs

43. TETRA eludes India

44. Geospatial Technology for HLS
 Conventional inputs are unable to
provided actionable data
 Map of today is Geospatial imagery/GIS
 Third Eye
 Critical for planning, preparation &
response

45. Geospatial Technology for HLS
 Supports incident management
 Great tool for regulation, enforcement,
monitoring and supervision

46. Geospatial Technology for HLS
 detection, preparedness, prevention,
protection, rescue, relief, recovery, and
reconstruction
 accurate geospatial information in order
to accomplish many of the tasks during an
emergency response situation
 tighter coupling between geospatial
technologies and homeland security
missions

47. Geographic Information Science
 addresses the fundamental issues behind
spatial data handling efforts, such as
spatial data representation, analysis,
modeling, and visualization

48. BlackandwhiteLandsatimagemosaicofAfghanistan(Shroder,1977)

49. Part of the Kabul and Pansher
landsat mosaic (1:500,000 scale)
printed by the CIA
during the Soviet-Afghan War
showing the area between Salang
Pass, Baghram Air Base, and
Kabul

50. Remote Sensing and GIS as Counterterrorism Tools for Homeland Security
Example of the legend of part of the Kabul III
sheet at 1:500,000 scale of the Landsat
mosaic in false color made by the CIA in the
early 1980s, with gazetteer information on the
back

51. Part of the Kabul III sheet showing Kabul in the upper left, the Spin Ghar (Safed Koh) range, the Parachinar (‘parrot’s
beak’) border reentrant of the Kurram Agency part of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan into which bin Laden
escaped, and the many enumerated passes along the border that are used for smuggling people, drugs, and weapons

52. Example spatial subset of 8
September 2005 AVIRIS scene
acquired over the New Orleans
vicinity, LA, USA. Shown is band 42
(739.35 nm). The area in the upper
right portion of the scene is
submerged by Hurricane Katrina-
induced floodwaters

53. Economic Impacts of Terrorist
Attacks and Natural Disasters
Total losses of jobs from the
hypothetical hurricane event

54. Isometric view of a hyperspectral
AVIRIS image cube, New Orleans
area, LA, USA, with bands 42 (739.35
nm), 30 (645.58 nm), and 18 (529.81
nm) as R, G, B for the top-plane
image, converted to grayscale. The
scene was acquired on 8 September
2005 with a pixel size of ∼9.7 m. The
image cube displays, in the z-
dimension, 224 spectral channels on
the 370–2500-nm wavelength interval

55. Poppy and Terrorism

56. Poppy and Terrorism

57. Remote Sensing-Based
Damage Assessment
for Homeland Security

58. Pre- and post-Hurricane Katrina IKONOS satellite images of a portion of New Orleans, LA, USA, acquired on 28 August 2002
(left) and 2 September 2005 (right), respectively (truecolor, converted to grayscale). Building damage and flooded areas are
readily apparent in the post-hurricane image on the right. Such outwardly apparent structural damage can be visually
interpreted by a human analyst.

59. Agent-Based Modeling and
Evacuation Planning
Human and Geophysical
What if scenarios
Agent Based modelling takes care
of this and also the simulation process
 Evacuation Planning remains to be a challenging
task

60. Traffic situations at different times during a simulated
evacuation: One and half hours into the evacuation

61. Security Audit
•Where it all starts….
Evacuation Plan
•For a safer end!
Geospatial all the way!

62. Agent-Based Modeling and
Evacuation Planning
Human and Geophysical
What if scenarios
Agent Based modelling takes care
of this and also the simulation process
 Evacuation Planning remains to be a challenging
task

63. Building Evacuation in
Emergencies
 Surge of interest in this field now
developing building evacuation analysis using
models that focus explicitly upon the human
individual’s locus of behavior
 Large number of softwares available for modelling
and simulating pedestrian evacuation from
enclosed spaces

64. Spatial Epidemiology:
Where Have We Come
in 150 Years?
We have a well proven precedent!

65. The Role of Geosurveillance and
Security in the Politics of Fear
Motive agnostic!

66. The Importance of
Spatial Thinking in
an Uncertain World

67. Geospatial
education and R & D
is the key

68. Three characteristics distinguish homeland
security applications from other domains:
the need for speed; the difficult
environments in which technology must
operate; and the impossibility of anticipating
many relevant kinds of events in either space
or time.
The challenge!

69. ERP, RDBMS & Integration
 Complete functioning of the department
on ERP
 To be populated in a real time and dynamic
mode
 RDBMS
 Integration of the legacy systems
 On single sign in / sign off concept

70. Managerial
Response to War on
Terror

71. Managerial Response to War
on Terror
HUGE GAPS in learning, skills and attitudes of
internal security managers
Human resources should outmatch the technical
system
Utility is how best we utilize
Innovative methods inclusive of outbound
learning
Change management is the most critical
component

72. National Homeland Security
Resource Base & Incident Support System
Differential levels of technologies &
differential levels of mental frames
Executed at the division level in a city / then
seven cities integrated at the national level
Six technologies having their national
control centers at any location
Six of the these control centers gets
integrated into NHLSRB - ISS

73. Integration
National Homeland Security – Resource Base
and
Incident Support System (NHLS – RBISS)

74. National Homeland Security
Blueprint
The beginning of this grandiose plan set to have
a transformational impact on the Homeland
Security scenario of the country is yet to be
made. The world’s best buildings were a blueprint one
day. A blueprint is the first to crystallize our
thoughts, it could take a large number of revisions,
nonetheless it has to start. Time seems to be
running out.

75. Overall Framework