20. All information from our
environment is detected by
the specialised tips of some
nerve cells.
21. Living organisms move according to the situational
demand
All these movements, in response to the environment,
is carefully controlled.
Specialized tissues are used to provide these control
and coordination activities-Nervous tissues and
Muscular tissues
Nervous tissues are connected with muscular tissues
located in sense organs
22. 1. Draw the well labeled diagrams of……
(a) Structure of neuron,
(b) Neuromuscular junction
34. One Part of body Electrical impulses Another part
35. Dendritic tip of a nerve receives electronic impulse from
muscular tissue present in sense organs
36. This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body,
and then along the axon to its end.
37. At the end, the electrical impulse gets converted into a
chemical signal for onward transmission.
Synapse
38. A similar synapse finally allows delivery of such impulses
from neurons to other cells, such as muscles cells or gland
Synapse
39. Dendritic tip of a nerve receives electronic impulse from
muscular tissue present in sense organs
This impulse travels from the dendrite to the cell body, and
then along the axon to its end.
At the end, the electrical impulse gets converted into a chemical
signal for onward transmission.
A similar synapse finally allows delivery of such impulses from
neurons to other cells, such as muscles cells or gland
50. ‘Reflex’ is a word we use
very commonly when we
talk about some sudden
action, which does not
involve thinking in
response to something in
the environment.
51.
52.
53. But, you could think
consciously about the
pain and the
possibility of getting
burnt, and therefore
move your hand.
54.
55. Brain
Sensory Motor
nerves nerves
Sensory organs Motor organs
56.
57. The process of detecting the
signal and responding to it
might be completed quickly,
known as reflex arc.
58. Session is detected at that place only and responded very fast by
motor organs. Although the information input also goes to the
brain.This is the role of spinal cord.
59.
60. ‘Reflex’ is a word we use very commonly when we talk
about some sudden action in response to something in the
environment.
Brain receives messages from sensory organs & gives
instruction to our motor organs to act accordingly
Reflex arcs are formed in the spinal cord at the junction
between sensory and motor nerves
78. They receive information
from all parts of the body,
integrate it with the help
of complex neurons and
prepare message to send
to other body parts.
86. The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous
system
Cranial nerves & spinal nerves constitutes peripheral
nervous system
In normal condition, the brain allows us to think and take
actions based on that thinking.
87. Read up to page no 117 (NCERT)
Write the difference between central nervous
system and peripheral nervous system
88.
89. They receive information
from all parts of the body,
integrate it with the help
of complex neurons and
prepare message to send
to other body parts.
90.
91. They communicate between the central nervous system and the
other parts of the body
92. Information Processing Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Information Transmitting Body Parts / Muscles
95. Cerebrum receives sensory
impulses from various
receptors and interprets data
by putting together all
sensory impulses and stored
information in brain.
A decision is made about how
to respond and the
information is passed on to
the motor areas which
control the movement of
voluntary muscles.
96.
97.
98.
99. The midbrain controls
many important functions
such as the visual and
auditory systems as well as
eye movement.
100.
101.
102. Involuntary actions are
controlled by the medulla, like
BP, Heart beat.
The pons connects the
medulla to the cerebellum
and helps coordinate
movement on each side of
the body.
The Cerebellum is responsible
for precision of voluntary
actions and maintaining the
posture and balance of the
body.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109. The fore-brain is the main thinking
part of the brain & controls voluntary actions.
The mid-brain is the smallest part of brain & controls
many involuntary actions.
The hindbrain is the structure that connects the spinal
cord to the brain control involuntary actions
110. Read up to page no 118 (NCERT)
Draw the diagram of human brain and identify its
parts and practice it at least 2 more times.
111.
112. 3 Minutes You need to Identify
in the given sheet-
1. Fore Brain-
Hypothalamus
Pituitary glad
Cerebrum
2. Mid Brain-
Spinal Cord
2. Hide Brain---
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122. Muscle cells have special
proteins that change both
their shape and their
arrangement in the cell in
response to nervous electrical
impulses.
When this happens, new
arrangements of these
proteins give the muscle cells
a shorter form.
123. The brain is protected by Skull and Spinal cord is protected
by Back bone (Spine).
Muscle cells will move by changing their shape when they
receive motor impulse send by brain.
134. “How does the plant detect
the touch, and how do the
leaves move in response?”
135. But there is no nervous
tissue, nor any muscle tissue
in plants for the conduction
of information.
136. Plant cells change shape by
changing the amount of water
in them, resulting in swelling or
shrinking, and therefore in
changing shapes.
137.
138. Plants show two different types of movement
1. Independent of growth.
2. Dependent on growth
Sensitive plants actually move its leaves in response to touch
The plants also use electrical-chemical means to convey this
information from cell to cell
Some cells must change shape in order for movement to happen.
149. Phototropism Movement of plant to the direction of light
is known as phototropism
150. Geotropism Movement of plant towards earth is known
as geotropism
151. Hydrotropism Movement of plant towards water sources
is known as hydrotropism
152. Chemotropism Movement of plant towards chemicals is
known as chemotropism
153. Slow
Ex: movement of
sun flower
Quick
Ex: movement of
Very Slow
touch me not Ex: Phototropism
Plants
154. Normally plants respond to stimuli slowly by growing in a particular
direction, so plants growth is directional
Movement of plant to the direction of light is known as phototropism
Movement of plant towards earth is known as geotropism
Movement of plant towards water sources is known as hydrotropism
Movement of plant towards chemicals is known as hydrotropism
165. Stimulated cells release a
chemical compound, this
compound would diffuse
all around the original cell.
Other cells would be able
detect these and recognize
information, and even
transmit it.
166. Electrical impulse helps to give fast response
in case of animals
Electrical-chemical impulse helps to give fast response in
case of sensitive plants
Chemical impulse helps to give slow response
175. Protein based chemical
released by a cell, helps in
transmission of chemical
impulse.
176. Reach all cells of the body
Origin of hormones & Needed very little.
Coordinate growth and
responses
Synthesized at places
away from where they act.
Diffuse to the area of
Area of action action.
179. Auxins Synthesized at the shoot tip
Diffuses towards the shady
side of the shoot.
Stimulates the cells to grow
longer.
Plants grow towards light.
180. Cytokinins
They are present in greater
concentration in areas of
rapid cell division, such as
in fruits and seeds.
182. Gibberellins
Also stimulates cell division
and elongation.
183. Abscisic acid Its effects include
wilting of leaves.
184. A hormone is a protein based chemical released by a cell
They are synthesised at places away from where they act.
Major 5 types of plant hormones
Auxin
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Gibberellins
Abscisic acid
196. When a person becomes angry
Adrenaline adrenaline is secreted into the
blood. It helps the body to adjust
to sudden stress. As a result,
Adrenaline causes the heart to
beat faster, result in supply of O2
to the body muscles increases.
Small arteries constrict which
increases the blood pressure.
This diverts the blood to our
skeletal muscles.
C9H13NO3
197.
198. One of the symptoms in
this disease is a swollen
neck.
199. Iodine is essential for the
Thyroxin synthesis of thyroxin.
Thyroxin regulates
carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism in the body so as
to provide the best balance for
growth.
C15H11I4NO4
200. Endocrine gland secrets hormones, these are
1. Adrenal hormones
2. Thyroid hormones
3. Growth hormones
4. Sex hormones
5. Pancreatic hormones
6. Digestive hormones
Adrenaline helps the body to adjust to sudden stress
Thyroxin regulates carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism
201. Questions NCERT Page No. 125 (Q No. 1 to 3)
Draw a well labeled diagram of endocrine gland and
practice it at least 2 times.
202.
203. You need to Identify
3 minutes in the given sheet-
1. Hypothalamus
Pituitary glad
Pineal glands
2. Thyroid glands
Para thyroids
Thymus
3. Adrenal glands
4. Pancreas
5. Testis
Ovary
207. Secreted by the pituitary.
Regulates growth and
development of the body.
208. Changes during puberty
are because of the
secretion of testosterone
in males and oestrogen in
females.
209.
210. Helps in regulating blood
sugar levels.
If it is not secreted in
proper amounts, the
sugar level in the blood
rises causing many
harmful effects.
211.
212. hormones should be
secreted in precise
quantities.
The timing and amount of
hormone released are
regulated by feedback
mechanisms.
213. Growth hormone regulates growth and development
of the body
Sex hormones Changes during puberty
Insulin helps in regulating blood sugar levels
