IUPAC lecture

1. Amit Z Chaudhari
IUPAC

2. C L A S S I F I C A T I O N
2
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Aliphatic / Aromatic
Aromatic  molecule contains benzene
Aliphatic  not contains benzene
- Saturated / Unsaturated
Saturated  single bonded Cs
Unsaturated  double / triple bonded Cs
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

3. C L A S S I F I C A T I O N
3
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Acyclic / Alicylic / heterocyclic
Acyclic  open chain molecule
Alicylic  closed HC ring structure
Heterocyclic  closed HC ring structure one or more N,O or S
atom
- HC / Substituted HC (with O,N, S, X)
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

4. C L A S S I F I C A T I O N
4
(1) Main types of Classifications
- Oxygenated, Acyclic, saturated, Aliphatic compound
(2) Classification based of Functional Group
- Alkane, alkene, Amine, acids, nitro, halides…
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

5. C L A S S I F I C A T I O N
5
Types of Carbon atoms
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6. N O M E N C L A T U R E
6
General :
1. Write the parent name
2. Write prefix name of substituents.
3. arrange all
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

7. N O M E N C L A T U R E
7
General :
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8. N O M E N C L A T U R E
8
General :
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

9. IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
N O M E N C L A T U R E
9
Priority order for the principal functional group with suffix

10. IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
N O M E N C L A T U R E
1

11. IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
N O M E N C L A T U R E
1
Parent HC chain (alkane)

12. IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
N O M E N C L A T U R E
1

13. N O M E N C L A T U R E
1
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 3,3-dimethyl
- Combine all = 3,3-dimethylpentane
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Alkane

14. N O M E N C L A T U R E
- Parent name = 2-pentene
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2-methyl-2-pentene
Alkene
Alkadiene
- Parent name = 1,3-butadiene
- Name the substituents = nill
- Combine all = 1,3-butadiene
1
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15. N O M E N C L A T U R E
- Parent name =
- Name the substituents =
- Combine all =
Alkyne
1
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2-hexyne
5-methyl
5-methyl-2-hexyne

16. N O M E N C L A T U R E
- Parent name = butane
- Name the substituents = 1-chloro-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-chloro-2-methylbutane
Halo alkane
- Parent name = pentane
- Name the substituents = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloro
- Combine all = 1-bromo-3,3-dichloropentane 1
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

17. N O M E N C L A T U R E
- Parent name = butanol
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanol
Alcohol
- Parent name = 1,2,3-propanetriol
- Name the substituents = nil
- Combine all = 1,2,3-propanetriol (Glycerol)
Alkane – e + ol = alkanol
Alkane + diol = alkanediol
Alkane + triol = alkanetriol
1
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18. N O M E N C L A T U R E
1
- Parent name = hexane
- Name the substituents = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl
- Combine all = 2-ethoxy-5-methyl hexane
Ethoxyethane / diethylether
Ether
Alkoxyalkane
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

19. N O M E N C L A T U R E
1
- Parent name = butanal
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl
- Combine all = 3-methylbutanal
Aldehyde Alkane – e + al = alkanal
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

20. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
- Parent name = 2-hexanone
- Name the substituents = 4-methyl
- Combine all = 4-methyl-2-hexanone
Ketone Alkane – e + one = alkanone
Alkane + dione = alkanedione
- Parent name = 2-4-hexanedione
- Name the substituents = nil
- Combine all = 2-4-hexanedione
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

21. 4-bromo-2,4-dimethylhexane
2-methylpentanal
5-bromoheptan-2-ol
5-bromo-2-heptanol
Methanal
(Formaldehyde)
N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

22. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
- Parent name = pentanoic acid
- Name the substituents = 4-bromo
- Combine all = 4-bromopentanoic acid
Carboxylic acid
Alkane – e + oic acid = alkanoic acid
Alkane + dioic acid = alkanedioic acid
- Parent name = pentanedioic acid
- Name the substituents = 2-butyl
- Combine all = 2-butylpentanedioic acid
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

23. N O M E N C L A T U R E
Esters  alkyl + alkanoic acid – ic acid + ate
2
Carboxylic acid derivative
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

24. N O M E N C L A T U R E
Acid chloride  alkanoic acid – ic acid + yl chloride
Anhydride  alkanoic acid – acid + anhydride
Amide  alkanoic acid – ic acid + amide
2
Carboxylic acid derivative
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

25. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
Nitro alkane
- Parent name = heptane
- Name the substituents = 3-methyl-4-nitro
- Combine all = 3-methyl-4-nitroheptane
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

26. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
Amine
- Parent name = butanamine
- Name the substituents = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethyl
- Combine all = N-ethyl-N,2-dimethylbutanamine
Alkane – e + amine = alkanamine
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.

27. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
- Parent name = clopropane
- Name the substituents = 1-ethyl-2-methyl
- Combine all = 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropane
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Cycloalkane
- The ring is the parent hydrocarbon unless the substituent has more
carbon atoms than the ring.

28. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
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Cycloalkene

29. N O M E N C L A T U R E
2
- Parent name = oxirane
- Name the substituents = 2-methyl
- Combine all = 2,2-dimethyloxirane
Epoxide/ Oxiranes / alkene oxides
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
alkyloxirane
Oxirane
Heterocyclic ring  numbering starts
from hetero atom

30. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
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2,2-dimethyloxirane

31. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Polyfuctional groups
Alkene + alkyne = alkenyne
(Alk-en-yne)

32. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Polyfuctional groups

33. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Polyfuctional groups
- Starting the numbering of C chain

34. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Name to structure

35. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Name to structure
(Aldol )
3-Penten-2-one
(α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound)

36. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Naming of isomers (Structural isomerism)

37. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Naming of isomers (Structural isomerism)
Straight chain  prefix n-
One methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix iso-
two methyl group attached to 2nd last C of C chain  prefix neo-

38. N O M E N C L A T U R E
3
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Some prefix groups (as sustituents)
1-phenylpropanone

39. 3
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N O M E N C L A T U R E

40. 4
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N O M E N C L A T U R E
CFC
Same functional group with same
locant from both side numbering
 Lowest locant is given to group
that comes first as Alphabetically
first

41. 4
IUPAC _ AZC_2018 _ Chemistry_ B. Pharm.
Structure to name
N O M E N C L A T U R E

42. of the topic
End
Reference:
Organic Chemistry - Bahl & Bahl
Organic Chemistry - Morrison, Boyd
https://egpat.com/blog/14-rules-you-should-know-to-write-
IUPAC-name-of-organic-compounds