2. Contents
2
What is Energy : Types
Primary and Secondary energy
Commercial and Non commercial energy
Renewable and Non- Renewable
World Energy Consumption
Regional Energy Consumption
Energy terms
Conventional source of energy
Energy and economics
Commercial form of energy
Global Energy Consumption
Per Capita Energy Consumption
Need to reform in energy sector
Global Energy Crises
Kyoto Protocol
Energy Scenario in India
3. Contents
3
Electricity Act 2003
Energy Conservation Act 2001
Future energy resource
Renewable energy and sustainable development
Renewable Energy in India
Wind Energy
Biomass Power Programme
Small Hydro Plant
Solar Power
Jawahar Lal Nehru National Solar Mission
Renewable Energy Policy Framework
Research organization
Conclusion
4. What is Energy : Types
4
It is a ‘capacity to do work’
In modern era people depend upon energy
Fossil fuel like coal, oil & natural gas are main
source of energy
Energy can be classified into several types based
on the following criteria:
1. Primary and Secondary energy
2. Commercial and Non commercial energy
3. Renewable and Non-Renewable energy
5. Primary and Secondary energy
5
Primary energy source are those that are either
found or stored in nature. Common primary sources
are Coal, natural Gases, Oil, Nuclear, Biomass etc.
Primary energy sources are mostly converted in
industrial utilities in SECONDARY energy. Common
secondary energy are Electricity, Steam etc.
6. Commercial and Non commercial
energy
6
The energy available in market for a definite price is
call commercial energy.
Common Commercial energies are Coal, Electricity
and refined petroleum products.
The energy, not available is commercial market is
called non commercial energy.
Firewood, cattle dunk and agriculture waste comes
under this category.
These kind of energy is often ignored in energy
accounting.
7. Renewable and Non-Renewable
energy
7
Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources
that are essentially inexhaustible.
Examples of renewable resources include wind
power, solar power, geothermal energy, tidal power
and hydroelectric power.
Non-renewable energy is the conventional fossil
fuels such as coal, oil and gas, which are likely to
deplete with time.
10. Energy Terms
10
*Energy Intensity :
Total Primary Energy Consumption per Dollar of GDP.
It is an indicator to show how efficiently energy is
used in the economy.
* Reserve to Production ratio:
It is the ratio of energy reserve available to the energy
produced in current year. Expressed in terms of time
and indicator of life of reserve availability if
production continuous on same rate.
11. Conventional Source of Energy
11
Coal, oil and natural gas are the major source of
energy from longtime
Still 80% energy requirement is fulfill by fossil fuel
Coal play a major role to run thermal power plant
Due to rapid industrialization, consumption increase
manifold
Oil and gas decide the economic condition of country
These resources are limited and must be conserve
12. Energy and Economics
12
Energy is essential for Economic growth
Economics growth is essential for country like India
Ratio of energy demand and GDP is useful indicator
for Economics growth
Per Capita Energy Consumption of USA 13246
kwh/Year
India Per capita consumption is about 684kwh/Year
Economic growth of country is depend upon rate of
improvement in per capita energy consumption
13. Commercial form of Energy
13
Energy resource which is economical and technically
acceptable is known as commercial fuel
i.e. , after the invention of IC engine, oil become a
commercial fuel
For sustainable growth, people look forward for new
available form of energy
Nuclear and hydro energy is one of the clean fuel
and have a future
14. Global Energy Consumption
14
There is uneven pattern of energy consumption
in different country
Developed country have a population of 20%,
use approx. 60% of the available resources
Rate of growth in energy sector in developed
country is 1% to 2%, but in developing country
growth rate is 7 to 8%.
16. Need to reform in Energy sector
16
Developing countries require substantial investments
in their power sectors to sustain economic growth
and reduce poverty
Fossil fuels are depleted and need proper care
Global pollution level increase and there is threat of
global warming
Kyoto Protocol sign by country to reduce carbon
emission
17. Global Energy Crises
17
Global Energy requirement increases continuously
Fuel resources are depleted
Oil price increase continuously
It put pressure on country economic
Oil war start (developed country pressurized oil rich
country)
World oil and gas reserves are
estimated at just 45 years and 65
years respectively. Coal is likely to
18. Kyoto Protocol
18
First legal international agreement on climate
protection
It aim to reduce the level of Green House Gas
emission
Annex-B country must limit there emissions of GHG,
most notably CO2 from fossil fuel combustion
Annex-B country reduce GHG emission by 5.2% on
1990 average (achieve goal by 2012)
There is system for carbon credit
It lack economic and environmental policy objective
19. Energy Scenario in India
19
India is a seventh largest country and have a
population of 1.2 billion people
To maintain growth rate, need rapid growth in energy
sector
20. Energy scenario in India
20
41% of electricity generation from thermal power
plant.
By 2016-2017, total domestic energy production of
670 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE). This meet
only 71% of the expected demand.
As per the 2011 Census, 55.3% rural households had
access to electricity
Still most of the rural area have limited supply hours
of electricity
India ready to exploit renewable energy resources
21. Electricity ACT 2003
21
Role of Government : National Electricity Policy and
tariff policy
Rural electrification
Splitting the structure: Genco, Transco and Discos
Consumer protection
Trading and market development
Formation of Central Electricity Authority (CEA)
Restructuring of State Electricity Board (SEB)
Measures against theft of electricity
Renewable energy utilization
22. Energy Conservation Act 2001
22
much-needed legal framework and institutional
arrangement for embarking on an energy efficiency
drive
Energy auditing for designated consumer like energy
intensive industry, railway, commercial building,
Power Plant etc.
Establishment of Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE)
Role of BEE: standard and labels of appliances,
undertake promotional activity, prepare building
23. Future Energy Resources
23
Current rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an
energy crisis in this century
Energy industry start inventing new ways to extract
energy from renewable sources
Due to lack of technology and economic
consideration, total shift toward renewable energy is
not possible
Nuclear energy have a future
Solar thermal plant, wind energy play a crucial role
to satisfy the energy demand
24. Renewable Energy and Sustainable
Development
24
Sustainable Development: “to meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future”
Effect of conventional source of energy: air pollution,
acid precipitation, ozone depletion, forest destruction,
and emission of radioactive substances
There is shortage of energy in near future
more use of renewable energy sources and
technologies is one of the solution
Renewable energy is a direct or indirect form of solar
energy
Research is going on to make renewable energy
economical
Once technology develop in renewable energy field, it
help in national sustainable economic growth
25. Renewable Energy in India
25
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
come in picture in 2006
It work to increase the share of renewable energy
3.74
1.77 2.39
0.21
2.21
19.93
0
5
10
15
20
25
Output in GW
26. Wind Energy
26
India have a wind potential of 50 GW at 50m height
Costal region in southern part of India is one of the
best site of wind energy
India is a fifth largest wind power producer in world
Wind energy sector is one of the fastest growing
renewable energy sector
Assessment of wind energy resource is done by C-
WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology)
R&D and testing is done by C-WET
27. Biomass Power Programme
27
Objective of harnessing grid quality power from
biomass
Biomass material like bagasse, rice husk, cotton and
jute waste, de oiled cakes etc. are used to produce
energy
Bagasse based cogeneration in sugar mill have a
potential of 5000 MW
Biogas based generation in village using animal
waste
28. Small Hydro Plant
28
Hydro plant of capacity less than 25 MW
Estimated potential of small hydro plant is 20 GW
It help to provide electricity in remote area
Government plant to electrify boarder village of
Arunachal Pradesh using small hydro plant
AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre),IIT
Roorkee is work to design international level R&D
and testing facility
29. Solar Power
29
With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India
have abundant solar potential
Daily average solar energy incident over India varies
from 4 to 7 kWh/m2
National Solar Mission launch to encourage solar
energy
30. Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission
30
Launched on 11 January 2010
It aim:
1. Deployment of 20000 MW of grid connected solar
plant by 2022
2. 2000 MW of off grid solar application including 20
million solar lights by 2022
3. 20 million sq. meter of solar thermal collector
area
4. R&D and capacity building activities to achieve
grid parity by 2022
31. Renewable Energy Policy
Framework
31
Budgetary support for research, development and
demonstration of technologies
Financial Incentives, including for renewable
energy applications in rural areas
Promoting private investment through fiscal
incentives, tax holidays, depreciation allowance
and remunerative returns for power fed into the
grid.
Finance for renewable energy: IREDA
32. Research ORGANIZATION
32
Solar Energy Centre
Centre of Wind Energy Technology (C-WET)
AHEC (Alternative Hydro Energy Centre)
IREDA ( Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency)
SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India)
NCPRE (National Centre for Photovoltaic
Research and Education), IIT Bombay
Renewable energy centre in various IIT and NIT
33. Conclusion
33
India, one of the stable economic country depend
upon thermal power plant to meet 45 % demand
To make future brighter India gear up to utilize
renewable resources
Still the share of renewable energy is not significant
Various renewable energy mission launch by
government of India
Growth of renewable sector show that still in future
thermal plant is a main source of energy.
Nuclear plant and large hydro plant replace thermal
power plant in future