Although water is the best fire protection material, it can not be used across all the systems. So this training is based on these NON-WATER BASED FIRE PROTECTION which includes CLEAN AGENT & FOAM SYSTEM, Kitchen Fire Solution, Techniques for Oxygen reduction and various type of fire prevention like passive fire protection.

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n T o
NON-WATER BASED
FIRE PROTECTION
PR ESENTED BY
E N G R . S A B R U L J A M I L , PRINCE2
M A N A G E R , F I R E S A F E T Y, E Z Z Y A U T O M A T I O N S L T D ,
B A N G L A D E S H
P H O N E : + 8 8 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 0 E M A I L :
J A M I L @ S A B R U L . C O M W E B S I T E : W W W. S A B R U L . C O M

2. BASICS
2

3. STANDARDS
NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 11 Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion Foam Systems
NFPA 12 Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 17 Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 17A Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems
NFPA 16
Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water
Spray Systems
NFPA 412
Standard for Evaluating Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Foam
Equipment
NFPA 1145 Guide for the Use of Class A Foams in Manual Structural Fire Fighting
NFPA 1150 Standard on Class A Foam Chemicals for Fire Fighting
3

4. TERMINOLOGY
• Adjusted Minimum Design Quantity (AMDQ): The minimum design quantity of agent
that has been adjusted in consideration of design factors.
• Agent Concentration: The portion of agent in an agent air mixture expressed in volume
percent.
• Clean Agent: Electrically nonconducting, volatile, or gaseous fire extinguishant that
does not leave a residue upon evaporation. The word agent as used in this document
means clean agent unless otherwise indicated.
• Fill Density: Mass of agent per unit of container volume (the customary units are lb/ft3
or kg/m3).
• Design Concentration.
– Adjusted Minimum Design Concentration (AMDC): The target minimum design
concentration after the safety factor and the design factors have been taken into account.
– Final Design Concentration (FDC): The actual concentration of agent discharged into the
enclosure.
4

5. TERMINOLOGY
• Inert Gas Agent: An agent that contains as primary components one or more of the
gases helium, neon, argon, or nitrogen. Inert gas agents that are blends of gases can
also contain carbon dioxide as a secondary component.
• Local Application System: A system consisting of a supply of extinguishing agent
arranged to discharge directly on the burning material.
• Sea Level Equivalent of Oxygen: The oxygen concentration (volume percent) at sea
level for which the partial pressure of oxygen matches the ambient partial pressure of
oxygen at a given altitude.
• Superpressurization: The addition of gas to a fire extinguishing agent container to
achieve a specified pressure therein.
• Total Flooding: The act and manner of discharging an agent for the purpose of
achieving a specified minimum agent concentration throughout a hazard volume.
• Total Flooding System: A system consisting of an agent supply and distribution
network designed to achieve a total flooding condition in a hazard volume.
5

6. • Concentration: The percent of foam concentrate contained in a foam solution.
• Eductor (Inductor). Adevice that uses the Venturi principle to introduce a proportionate
quantity of foam concentrate into a water stream; the pressure at the throat is below
atmospheric pressure and will draw in liquid from atmospheric storage.
– In-Line Eductor. A Venturi-type proportioning device that meters foam concentrate at a fixed
or variable concentration into the water stream at a point between the water source and a
nozzle or other discharge device.
• Combustible Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 37.8°C
(100°F)
– Class II Liquid. A liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F) and
below 60°C (140°F).
– Class IIIA Liquid. Any Liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 60°C (140°F), but
below 93°C (200°F).
– Class IIIB Liquid. Any liquid that has a closed-cup flash point at or above 93°C (200°F).
6
TERMINOLOGY

7. • Discharge Outlet.
– Fixed Foam Discharge Outlet. A device permanently attached to a tank, dike, or other
containment structure, designed to introduce foam.
– Type I Discharge Outlet. An approved discharge outlet that conducts and delivers foam
gently onto the liquid surface without submergence of the foam or agitation of the surface.
– Type II Discharge Outlet. An approved discharge outlet that does not deliver foam gently
onto the liquid surface but is designed to lessen submergence of the foam and agitation of
the surface.
• Discharge Devices. Devices designed to discharge water or foam-water solution in a
predetermined, fixed, or adjustable pattern.
– Air-Aspirating Discharge Devices. Devices specially designed to aspirate and mix air into the
foam solution to generate foam, followed by foam discharge in a specific design pattern.
– Compressed Air Foam Discharge Devices. Devices specifically designed to discharge
compressed air foam in a predetermined pattern.
– Non-Air-Aspirating Discharge Devices. Devices designed to provide a specific water
discharge pattern. 7
TERMINOLOGY

8. • Foam: A stable aggregation of bubbles of lower density than oil or
water.
• Foam Concentrate: A concentrated liquid foaming agent as received
from the manufacturer.
• Alcohol-Resistant Foam Concentrate: Aconcentrate used for fighting
fires on water-soluble materials and other fuels destructive to regular,
AFFF, or FFFP foams, as well as for fires involving hydrocarbons.
• Foam Injection:
– Semisubsurface Foam Injection. Discharge of foam at the liquid surface within a
storage tank from a floating hose that rises from a piped container near the tank
bottom.
– Subsurface Foam Injection. Discharge of foam into a storage tank from an outlet
near the tank bottom. 8
TERMINOLOGY

9. EXTINGUISHMENT OF FIRE
Any method for extinguishing fire must involve one
or more of the following techniques:
1. Remove heat at a faster rate than it is released.
2. Separate the fuel from the oxidizing agent.
3. Dilute the vapor-phase concentration of the
fuel and/or oxidizing agent below that
necessary for combustion.
4. Terminate the chemical chain-reaction
sequence.
9

10. OXYGEN REDUCTION SYSTEM
10

11. CLEAN AGENT
11

12. CLEAN
AGENT
GASES
12

13. GAS BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
• There are 3 ways clean
agents can extinguish a fire:
• Reduction of heat (FM-200,
Novec 1230)
• Reduction or isolation of
oxygen (Argonite)
• Inhibiting the chain
reaction of the above
components (FM-200) 13

14. CLEAN AGENT FIRE SUPPRESSION
• Using water is not always
the ideal choice…
• protect critical assets
– IT systems,
– data storage rooms and
– manufacturings equipments,
– irreplaceable items
– customer/client records,
– intellectual property,
– art, antiques and artifacts
• There are 3 ways clean
agents can extinguish a fire:
• Reduction of heat (FM-200,
Novec 1230)
• Reduction or isolation of
oxygen (Argonite)
• Inhibiting the chain
reaction of the above
components (FM-200)
14

15. IG541
• ARGON NITROGEN CO2 GAS
• IG-541 is a colourless, odourless, electrically non-conductive
gas with a density approximately the same as that of air.
• inert gas mixture consisting nominally of 52% nitrogen, 40%
argon and 8% carbon dioxide, with the following mixture
specification (based on 8% carbon dioxide with tolerance of ±
5%).
– Carbon dioxide: range of 7,6 % to 8,4%R
– Argon: Range of 37,2% to 42,8%
– Nitrogen: Range of 48,8% to 55,2%
15

16. IG55
• Mixture of
– 50% ARGON and
– 50% NITROGEN
• Inert gas,
• Non-conductive,
• Colourless,
• Odourless and
• Flavourless.
16

17. FM-200 SYSTEM
• FM-200 (HFC-227ea),
 Clear compressed gas
 Stored as a liquid (under pressure)
 Vaporizes upon discharge
 Absorbs heat
• Less Damage to Sensitive and Critical
equipment
• Shorter recovery time and reducing
downtime
• Zero ozone depletion potential
(ODP)
• UL, ULC and FM.
• Meet the requirements of NFPA
2001, ISO 14520 and EN15004.
17

18. NOVEC-1230 SYSTEM
• 3M Novec 1230 fire protection fluid
• Total flooding of hazard areas
• No damage to valuable assets
• Wide range of applications
• Effective on Class A, B and C fires
• People- and environment-friendly
• Low odor clean agent
• Safe for occupied spaces at design
concentration
• Zero ozone layer depletion
18

19. HIGH PRESSURE CO2 SYSTEM
Application
• Printing presses
• Vaults
• Open pits
• Dip tanks
• Spray booths
• Ovens
• Engine rooms
• Coating machines
• Process equipment
• Hoods and ducts
• Flammable gas or liquid
storage areas
• Turbine generators
• Rolling mills
• Coal grinding and storage
• Non-corrosive, non-conductive, clean
extinguishing agent that leaves no
residue
• Fixed nozzle agent distribution network,
• Hose reel(s), or a combination of both
• Automatic system operation along with
providing local and remote manual
operation
• Discharge time delays and alarms are
mandatory for occupied hazards
• Where Electrically non-conductive
medium is essential or desirable;
• Where clean-up of other agents presents
a problem
• Where the hazard obstructions require
the use of a gaseous agent. 19

20. FIRE SUPPRESSION DECISION
FACTORS
20

21. HUMAN SAFETY
%Design
Concen
tration
NOAEL LOAEL
Novec
1230
4,2% -
5,9%
10% >10%
FM-
200®
6,4% -
9,0%
9% 10,5%
Inergen
®
34,2%-
41,2%
43% 52%
IG-55
40,3% -
47,5%
43% 52%
C02
35% -
65%
5% n.a.
NOAEL - No observable adverse effect level
LOAEL - lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level
21

22. EXTINGUISHING CAPABILITY
22

23. DISTRIBUTION PIPE
PIPE LENGTH AND COMPLEXITY OF THE PIPE RUN
23

24. WORKING PRESSURES
FM 200 and Novec 1230 is also available inn 42 bar
24

25. CYLINDER FOOT PRINT
25

26. INSTALLATION TIME & COMPLEXITY
26

27. BEST SYSTEM!
• Q :- So what is The Best Fire
Suppression Agent?
– Inert Gas
– FM200
– Nocec1230
• A :- Generally, there is no Best
system!
• Many factors finally lead to the
decision for a certain system .
27

28. WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE
28

29. CLEAN
AGENT
HARD-
WARES
29

30. GAS BASED FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
1. Cylinder battery
2. Actuation and
delay device
3. Selector valve
4. Pneumatic
actuation device
5. Fire detection and
control panel
6. Safety valve
7. Pneumatic door
release
8. Pneumatic horn
9. Electric horn
10. Room protection
nozzle
11. Fire detection
element
30

31. HARDWARE
ISOMETRIC
VIEW
31

32. • 8, 16, 32, 52, 106, 147 & 180L containers
• As per DOT(HSE)4BW500 or 4BW450
• Material
 Carbon -0.220% max
 Manganese -1.250% max
 Phosphorus -0.045% max
 Sulphur -0.050% max
CONTAINER
32

33. VALVE ASSEMBLY
• 25mm, 50mm
• Material: Brass CZ 121 Body
 Proof Pressure:150 bar (2175 psi)
• 75mm Valve
 Material: Brass UNS36000
 Body Proof Pressure:138 bar (2000 psi)
• Operation is by means of a pressure-differential piston
• Upper chamber pressure is released by the electrical, mechanical
or pneumatic actuator
33

34. TECHNICAL INFORMATION-BURST
DISC
• Rupture when the container over pressurized
• Subjected to above the designed storage temperature
• Body: Brass CZ 121
• (25mm & 50mm Valve) Brass UNS36000 (75mm Valve)
• Rating: 50 bar (725 psi) @ 50oC (120oF)
• (25mm & 50mm Valve) 52 bar (760 psi
34

35. PRESSURE SWITCH
• Continuously monitors the container pressure
• In the event of the pressure dropping below 20 bar
(290 psi), enable the condition to be signalled to a
control unit.
• Safeguard the warranty requirements
• Body:Hermetically sealed Stainless Steel
• Switch point:Open at 20 bar +/-0.7 bar (290 psi (+/-
10psi)
• Switch Type: Close on rise at 24 bar +/-0.7 bar (350
psi (+/- 10psi)
• Proof pressure:345 bar (5003 psi)
• Connection: Brass 1/8" NPT
• Max. Current: Max 2.9A
• Voltage Range: 5-28 vdc Wire leads 1.82m (6Ft)
35

36. MANUAL ACTUATOR
• ‘Strike knob' assembly
• Fitted to the top of the valve assembly or solenoid actuator
• Inadvertent operation is prevented by a pin
• Pin has to be removed before activation.
• Body: Brass CZ 121
• Knob: Nylon
• Safety Pin: Zinc Plated Mild Steel
• Actuation Pin: Stainless Steel
• Min Actuation Force: 25.5N (5.73 Ibf)
36

37. PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR
• Assembly similar to the manual actuator
• Pressure from a 'master' container or other
sources is used to actuate the valve, via small
bore piping or, preferably, a flexible hose.
• Body: Brass CZ121
• Actuation Pin: Stainless Steel
• Pipe connection: 1/4" BSPP Female Min.
Actuation Pressure: 2 bar (29 psi)
37

38. REMOVABLE ELECTRICAL ACTUATOR
• Locates to the top of the container
valve.
• 24v dc is required for solenoid
operation
• Provision is made for the connection
of a manual strike Knob
• Body: Mild Steel & Dull Nickel
• Swivel nut: Brass CZ121
• Actuation Pin: Stainless Steel
• Actuation Type: Latching
• Reset Requirement: Manual Force
Required
• Connection: 1" BSPP
• Power requirement: 24vdc
• Current:0.2A
• Manual Actuation Force: 5
kgf (11. Ib.f)
• Electrical connection: 3-pin
plug connector
• Diode Type: Suppression
• Temperature Range: -20oC
to +55oC (-4oF to131oF)
• Life Span: 10 years from
manufacture
• Testing: 100% Check on
start / Finish position
• Approval:UL508, UL864
38

39. SIDE MOUNTED ELECTRICAL
ACTUATOR
• Can be located directly on the side of the valve or via a solenoid
adaptor.
• Actuator to be removed safely without actuation of the container valve
• Designed to be used in explosive atmospheres (Class I , groups C and
D, Class II, groups E, F & G). It is operated by a 24v dc input signal.
• Solenoid Enclosure: Stainless Steel
• Power Requirement: 24v dc
• Power Consumption: 9.5 watts
• Conduit Thread: 1/2" NPT
• Pressure Connection: 1/8" NPT Female
• Pressure Range: 0 - 103 bar (1500 psi)
• Certification: UL
• Max. Ambient Temp: 105oC (221oF)
• Solenoid Orientation: 0-30o Off Vertical 39

40. DISCHARGE NOZZLE
• FM-200® is distributed by the discharge nozzle
• Sized to ensure the correct flow
• Available with seven or eight ports
• Allow for 180o or 360o horizontal discharge patterns.
• Ports are drilled in 0.1mm (0.004 in) increments to the
specified system design.
• BSP nozzles are supplied as standard in Brass and Stainless
Steel with NPT as optional.
40

41. TRACE TUBE FIRE PROTECTION
• Suppression for the “micro-
environment”
• Pneumatic heat detection
• Fire suppression system
• “Total flooding” OR “Local
application”
• Detection and suppression at the
ignition point
41

42. “It’s All About the ………………TUBE”
•Commercial Name : FT 1992 Thermoplas
•Physical Appearance: 4/6mm OD red tube
•Change in Physical state: Melts @ 194 C (381.2 F)
•Bulk Density : 17g / meter (5.18g/ft)
•Dielectric Strength: (DIN 53481)kV/mm dry 40
•Thermal Decomposition: Above 300 C (572 F)
•Temperature at Burst: 100-115 C @ 150 psi
•Conductivity Non Conductive 42

43. Direct System
Direct Low Pressure System
43

44. Direct System
• Effects of high air velocity may impact discharge
• Must be careful with locating tubing … discharge is at
tubing burst point
• Limited to 50 ft – furthest point from cylinder … system
can have well over 200 ft of total tubing
• 1 lb / 3lb / 6lb / 12lb Clean Agent Assemblies
• 2.5lb and 5lb Dry Chemical Assemblies
44

45. FOAM SYSTEM
45

46. FOAM VS. COMBUSTION
Any method for extinguishing fire must involve one
or more of the following techniques:
1. Remove heat at a faster rate than it is released.
2. Separate the fuel from the oxidizing agent.
3. Dilute the vapor-phase concentration of the
fuel and/or oxidizing agent below that
necessary for combustion.
4. Terminate the chemical chain-reaction
sequence.
46

47. FOAM VS. COMBUSTION
• Foam is lighter than flammable and combustible
liquids
• It floats on the fuel surface producing a
continuous blanket that suppresses fire by
separating flammable vapors and oxygen
• Because foam is a water-bearing material, it also
cools the fuel surface.
47

48. FOAM
AGENTS
48

49. TYPES OF FOAM
• Chemical Foams: Earliest foams were based upon a chemical reaction. Now largely
obsolete.
• Mechanical Foams: mixing a foam concentrate with water at the appropriate
concentration, and then aerating and agitating the solution to form a bubble structure.
There are several types of mechanical foams:
– Protein
– Fluoroprotein
– Film-Forming Fluoroprotein (FFFP)
– Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
– Alcohol-Resistant Concentrate (ARC)
– Synthetic Detergent (High/Medium Expansion)
49

50. MECHANICAL FOAMS
• Protein foam (3% Regular Protein Foam):
– Derived from naturally-occurring sources of protein such as
hoof and horn meal or feather meal.
– Generally have very good heat stability and resist burnback,
– But are not as mobile or fluid on the fuel surface as other
types of low expansion foams.
• Fluoroprotein foam(3% Fluoroprotein Foam Concentrate):
– protein foam + small amounts of fluoro chemical surfactants
– Addition of these chemicals produces an easier flowing
foam
– Fluoro protein foams are said to be oleophobic (oil
shedding) and are well suited for sub-surface injection
– based on
– mixtures of non-fluorochemical, hydrocarbon type
surfactants
– along with solvents and water
50

51. MECHANICAL FOAMS
• Film-Forming Fluoroprotein (FFFP): protein base foam concentrate to which quantities
of fluorochemical surfactants (similar to those used in AFFF foam agents) are added.
– improves the mobility of the foam to the point where it begins to approach the quick
extinguishment that is characteristic of AFFF foam agents.
– Film-forming fluoroprotein foams tend to be a compromise between AFFF and fluoroprotein
foam agents.
• Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
– Completely synthetic foam combinations of fluorochemical and hydrocarbon surfactants
combined with high boiling point solvents and water
– Surfactants are chemicals that have the ability to alter the surface properties of water.
– Fluorochemical surfactants alter these properties in such a way that a thin film can spread on
a hydrocarbon fuel (such as gasoline) even though the aqueous film is more dense than the
fuel
51

52. MECHANICAL FOAMS: AR-AFFF
• Alcohol-Resistant Concentrate (ARC):
Effective on fuels such as methyl alcohol,
ethyl alcohol, and acetone which have
appreciable water solubility or miscibility
• Alcohol fuels are said to be foam destructive
• alcohol-resistant concentrates are based on
AFFF concentrates
• AR-AFFF exhibits the best cross-functional
performance for flame knock-down,
burnback resistance, extended vapor
suppression, manufacturing and
proportioning consistency, and the longest
potential shelf life. 52

53. MECHANICAL FOAMS: AR-AFFF
• ANSULITE® 1% AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 1% Freeze-Protected AFFF Concentrate –20 °F (–29 °C)
• ANSULITE 3% (AFC-3A) AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE Premium 3% (AFC-5A) AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 3% Freeze-Protected AFFF Concentrate –20 °F (–29 °C)
• ANSULITE 6% (AFC-3) AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE Premium 6% (AFC-5) AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 1x1 AR-AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 1x3 F-601A AR-AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 3x6 F-600A AR-AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE 3x3 Low-Viscosity AR-AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE ARC 3% or 6% AR-AFFF Concentrate
• ANSULITE ARC 3% or 6% Freeze-Protected AR-AFFF Concentrate 53

54. MECHANICAL FOAMS:
SYNTHETIC DETERGENT:
• Based on mixtures of non-fluorochemical,
hydrocarbon type surfactants along with solvents
and water
• Do not form aqueous films or polymeric membranes
• Function by forming an aggregate of foam bubbles
on the surface of the fuel
• Most frequently used with high expansion foam
generators yielding expansion ratios of 200 to 1000:1
• Suitable for use in total flooding applications and on
cyrogenic type fuels such as liquefied natural gas
(LNG)
54

55. OTHER MECHANICAL FOAMS
• JET-X 2% High-Expansion Foam Concentrate
• JET-X 2 3/4% High-Expansion Foam Concentrate
• SILV-EX PLUS “Class A” Fire Control Concentrate
• ANSUL-A Municipal “Class A” Fire Control Concentrate 30 °F (-1.1 °C) to 120 °F (49 °C)
• TARGET-7 Vapor Mitigation and Neutralizing Agent
55

56. FOAM
HARD-
WARES
56

57. PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT
• Introduction of a foam concentrate into a volume or flowing stream of
water.
• Proper foam proportioning is essential to ensure the optimum
performance from the foam liquid concentrate.
• Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High- Expansion Foam,” acceptable
ranges of proportioning systems are not less than the rated
concentration and not more than 30% above the rated concentration,
whichever is less.
• For example, the acceptable range for a 3% concentrate is from 3 to
3.9%. Proportioning too rich also diminishes the discharge duration of
foam as the consumption rate is increased.
57

58. PREMIX/DUMP-IN METHOD
• simplest means of proportioning
• pre-measured portions of water and
foam concentrate are mixed in a
container
• Fire departments can use the dump-
in method in their pumper trucks.
• used with
– hand portable extinguishers,
– wheeled extinguishers,
– twin-agent skids, and
– vehicle-mounted systems.
58

59. BALANCED PRESSURE
PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS
• most common
method used for
system applications.
• two basic types:
– bladder tanks
– pump systems.
• All balanced pressure systems use a proportioner or ratio controller.
• A metering orifice, at the concentrate inlet, regulates the rate of concentrate flow and thus
determines the percentage of concentrate in the foam solution.
59

60. • Balanced pressure bladder tank systems pressure-rated tank with an internal elastomeric
bladder
• System water pressure is used to squeeze the bladder containing the foam concentrate
providing pressurized concentrate to the proportioner.
• A distinct advantage is that no external power supply is required other than a pressurized
water source.
• Since pressurized during operation, it cannot be conveniently recharged during discharge.
• simple design, very little maintenance
BLADDER TANK SYSTEM
60

61. BLADDER TANK
SYSTEM
• Advantages
– Low cost (2000 gal or less)
– Wide flow range (proportioner) discharge
– Variable pressure range
– Simple operation
– Auxiliary power not required
• Disadvantages
– Cannot refill during system
– Limited capacities
61

62. BALANCED PRESSURE PUMP
PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS
• Positive Displacement Pumps Are Used To
Allow Maximum Efficiency For Liquids Of
Varying Viscosity
• Automatic Pressure Balancing Valve
Regulates The Foam Concentrate Pressure
To Match The Water Pressure
• Non Pressure-rated Atmospheric Foam
Concentrate Storage Tanks
62

63. IN-LINE BALANCED PRESSURE
PROPORTIONER
• similar to the pump skid previously described except
that it is a separate assembly that offers the advantage
of proportioning the foam concentrate at a location
remote from the tank and pump.
• Multiple in-line balanced pressure proportioners can be
supplied from a single foam pump to protect several
hazard areas. By adding an automated valve to each
proportioner, either foam discharge or water-only
discharge can be selected.
63

64. AROUND-THE-PUMP
PROPORTIONING SYSTEMS
• A portion of the fire
pump discharge outlet
• Is diverted through a
line proportioner
(eductor)
• The line proportioner
outlet is piped to the
suction side of the
pump to form a loop
around the fire pump
• Applications: crash
rescue trucks, foam
trucks, and fixed
industrial complexes.
64

65. PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT
SELECTION CRITERIA
Type Advantages Disadvantages
Premix • Simplicity
• Independent of piped water
supply
• Accuracy of proportioning
• Limited foam generating capability
• Entire water supply becomes foam solution
• Cannot use with protein and
fluoroproteins
Balanced
Pressure
(Bladder Tank)
• Low cost (2000 gal or less)
• Wide flow range (proportioner)
• Simple operation
• Auxiliary power not required
• Cannot refill during system discharge
• Variable pressure range • Limited capacities
Balanced
Pressure (Pump
Skid)
• Low cost (2000 gal or more)
• Wide flow range (proportioner)
• Can refill during system
discharge
• Variable pressure range
• Auxiliary power required
• Additional maintenance (pump)
Line
Proportioner
• Low cost
• Can refill during system
discharge
• Fixed flow range
• High water pressure needed
65

66. Type Advantages Disadvantages
Balanced Pressure
(In-Line
Proportioner)
• Low cost (2000 gal or more)
• Wide flow range
(proportioner)
• Can refill during system
discharge
• Variable pressure range
• Proportioner(s) remotely
located
• Auxiliary power required
• Additional maintenance (pump)
Around-The-Pump • Simple operation
• Can refill during system
discharge
• A portion of pump discharge is
• Changes to discharge rates require
metering valve adjustment
• Auxiliary power required
• Typical range limit of 100 – 1000 gpm
(379 – 3785 Lpm)
• Pump suction inlet pressure must be zero
to slight vacuum
PROPORTIONING EQUIPMENT
SELECTION CRITERIA
66

67. DISCHARGE DEVICES
• ASPIRATED VS.
NONASPIRATED
DISCHARGE DEVICES
• Once a foam concentrate
has been added to water to
form a foam solution, there
must be a point in the
system to add air to the
solution to produce
expanded foam.
• This is accomplished using
a discharge device of either
the aspirated or
nonaspirated type.
67

68. DISCHARGE DEVICES: NOZZLES
• General purpose of a nozzle is to provide a
restriction of flow to build fluid pressure.
This pressure provides usable fluid velocity
to project a stream a determined distance.
• In the case of foam solution, the nozzle also
assists in the generation of foam.
• Non-air aspirating nozzles (figure 3-4) are
standard for many fire departments where
they are used mainly for applying water. In
certain circumstances, these nozzles can be
used for the application of AFFF and ARC
solutions.
• Air aspirating nozzles can be used with all
low expansion foam agents. These nozzles
contain air inlets and an expansion tube.
68

69. MONITORS
• Manual monitors: basic monitor is
a manually-operated device
• Remote-controlled monitors:
– Operate using an electric joystick
controller and electrical motors
– Operation at a safe distance from
the fire.
• Water oscillating monitors:
– Automatically oscillate
horizontally over a set area.
– It is powered hydraulicallyby
water flowing through an
oscillating mechanism attached
to the rotation swivel joint.
– Also equipped with a manual
override. 69

70. SPECIALIZED DISCHARGE DEVICES:
FOAM CHAMBERS
• Air aspirating discharge devices
• Protection of flammable liquid storage tanks
• Generate foam and apply the expanded foam to
the fuel surface in a manner that lessens
submergence and agitation as the foam contacts
the fuel.
• Contains an orifice plate (sized for the required
flow and inlet pressure), air inlets, an expansion
area, and a discharge deflector to direct the gentle
application of the expanded foam.
• Also contains a vapor seal that prevents the
entrance of vapors into the foam chamber and
supply pipe 70

71. SPECIALIZED DISCHARGE DEVICES
HIGH BACK-PRESSURE FOAM MAKERS
• Discharge foam through a hydrocarbon
liquid
• Forces the expanded foam into the bottom
of a flammable liquid storage tank
• Foam then rises to the top of the fuel where
it blankets the surface
• Not suitable for water soluble liquids.
• Back-pressure is the combination of the
expanded foam friction loss in the piping
and the static head pressure of the liquid in
the tank
71

72. FLOATING ROOF FOAM MAKERS
• Air aspirating discharge device
• Used primarily for the protection of open top, floating
roof, storage tanks
• Other applications such as dike protection where
expanded foam is piped to the hazard
• Contains an orifice plate (sized for the required flow and
inlet pressure), air inlets, and an expansion area.
• Connected in-line to pipe or hose
72

73. HIGH-EXPANSION FOAM GENERATORS
• Low-expansion foam expands less than 20 times.
• High-expansion foams are those that expand in ratios of over
100:1.
• Creates a blanket a few inches over the burning surface, high-
expansion foam is truly three dimensional; it is measured in
length, width, height, and cubic feet.
• Free air movement necessary for continued combustion is
reduced. Water content of the foam being converted to steam
dilutes the oxygen concentration to a level below that necessary
to support combustion.
• A rotating fan (powered by the water motor) in the generator
forces large volumes of air through the stainless steel screen as
the foam solution is sprayed onto it. The air mixes with the foam
solution to form a large discharging mass of stable bubbles at a
rate of up to 940 gallons of expanded foam for each gallon of
foam solution
73

74. SPRINKLER AND
SPRAY NOZZLE SYSTEMS
Directional
Foam Spray
Nozzles
74

75. KITCHEN FIRE
75

76. KITCHEN HOOD PROTECTION
• Low pH Liquid Agent and fusible ink for high-
temperature, high-efficiency cooking appliances, plus
the use of hotter burning vegetable oils
• APPLICATIONS
– Catering facilities
– Cafes
– Cafeterias
– Casual and fine dining restaurants
– Convenience stores
– Delis
– Diners
– Fast food chains
– Food courts
– Food trailers and trucks
– Hospitals
– Hotels and casinos
– Sports complexes and stadiums
76

77. KITCHEN HOOD PROTECTION
• Cools grease and surrounding cooking surfaces
• Rapid flame knockdown
• Helps prevent reflash
• Color-coded, fusible-link detectors
• Two design options available
– Customized appliance-specific design
– Overlapping “suppression zone” coverage
77

78. OXYGEN
REDUCTION
78

79. • Prevents fires from occurring
• Using natural Nitrogen
• Prevents fire damage from the
extinguishing itself.
• Added Safety by use of Early Fire
Detection
OXYGEN REDUCTION SYSTEM
79

80. PORTABLE
EXTINGUISHERS
80

81. 81
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• Class A, B, C, D & K
• Water not recommended:
– Flammable & combustible liquids
– Energized electrical equipment
– High-value equipment
– Certain metals
– Certain hazardous materials

82. 82
CLASSES OF FUEL OR FIRES

83. 83
PICTURE SYMBOL MARKINGS FOR EXTINGUISHERS SUITABLE
FOR USE ON CLASS A, B OR C FIRES

84. 84
PICTURE SYMBOL

85. 85
RATING SYSTEM - PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS

86. 86
CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHERS

87. 87
DRY CHEMICAL EXTINGUISHER

88. 88
DRY POWDER EXTINGUISHERS

89. METAL FIRE/ CLASS D EXTINGUISHER
• MET-L-X® a sodium chloride-based
dry powder
• Class D fires involving combustible
metals such as magnesium.
• NA-X® a sodium carbonate-based
dry powder
• Class D fires involving
• Sodium,
• Potassium And
• Sodium-potassium Alloy (Nak)
89

90. 90
FIRE EXTINGUISHER TRAVEL
DISTANCES
Maximum travel distances to fire extinguishers:
• Class A 75 feet
• Class B 50 feet
• Class C Based on appropriate pattern for existing Class A
or B hazards
• Class D 75 feet

91. WILLIAMS FIRE &
HAZARD CONTROL
91

92. Confidential
WFHC - OVERVIEW
• Business History
• WFHC Business Segments
– Emergency Response
Services and Consultations
– Equipment Engineering &
Manufacture
– Training

93. Confidential
BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Since 1980, Williams Fire & Hazard Control has been an ally to industry when the
demands of fire related events exceed local resources and response capabilities.
Williams’ success is established through the understanding of flammable liquid fire
dynamics and the unequaled body of experience gained through response to major fire
events.
This experience has given Williams the knowledge to develop effective response
tactics and design equipment needed to assure an effective and safe response to
large-scale fires involving flammable liquids.
Through sharing its knowledge gained, Williams assists both governments and industry
in reaching a level of preparedness where localized response capabilities are sufficient
to address potential fire hazard impacts.

94. Confidential
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
• Williams patented equipment has revolutionized
Industrial Fire Response practices. It’s proven
specialized tactics have allowed industry to defeat fire
events that in the past would have resulted in major
loss
• Williams experience is extensive and continues to grow.
It proven methodology includes the world record for
largest fully involved tank fire ever extinguished (270’
diameter gasoline tank)
• Williams is a worldwide supplier of nozzles,
transportable pump units, firefighting foam, fixed
protection systems, portable firefighting systems,
and fire truck systems.
• Williams was acquired by TYCO in 2011
• Williams Fire & Hazard Control spearheads
TYCO’s O&G Integrated Fire Protection Solutions
offering to Energy sector

95. Confidential
BUSINESS SEGMENTS – EMERGENCY
RESPONSE SERVICES /
CONSULTATIONS
•Full Service Emergency
Response (personnel,
equipment & materiel)
•Incident Command Support /
Live Consultation
•Response Equipment /
Logistical Support
•Pump Rentals

96. FIRE RESPONSE DISCIPLINES
Fuels in depth, pressure fires, hydrocarbons, polar solvents, hazardous
chemicals, underground fires, process unit fires, ship fires …
With over 200 responses to major fire incidents, Experience is a KEY
ingredient in the design of Williams’ equipment and strategic approach.
Confidential

97. PROVEN METHODOLOGY
World Record 270’ Gasoline Storage Tank Extinguished in 65 minutes.
6,000,000 gallons of product saved!

98. RESPONSE EXPERTISE
LAND AND MARINE BASED
Confidential

99. Confidential
BUSINESS SEGMENTS – EMERGENCY
RESPONSE SERVICES /
CONSULTATIONS
•Site assessments
•Fire Protection
Engineering
•Response Planning
•Preparedness /
Mutual Aid
Development
•Incident Command
Support

100. Confidential
WFHC – EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING /
MANUFACTURE
• Portable Equipment Sales
– Foam
– Extinguishers
– Nozzles
– Monitors
– Hydrants
– Pumps
– Big Guns
• Systems sales
– Fixed / Semi-Fixed Fire Protection Equipment
• Custom equipment sales
– Williams maintains Engineering and Manufacturing
capabilities produce ComplianceAND COMPLIANCE
PLUS equipment designed to
 Meet and Exceed compliance considerations
 Address hazard specific challenges
 Fit client driven specifications

101. Confidential
Manufacturing Processes
• Fabrication
• Assembly
• Wiring
• Testing
• Shipping/Receiving
• Inventory
• Purchasing
• Planning
• Engineering
• Drafting
• Scheduling
• Project Management
WFHC – EQUIPMENT ENGINEERING /
MANUFACTURE

102. Confidential
WFHC – BUSINESS SEGMENTS -
TRAINING

103. WFHC – TRAINING – ANNUAL EXTREME
SCHOOLS
Williams Fire & Hazard Control offers first-
hand experience confronting industry's largest
fire events through annual Industrial Fire &
Hazard Training events in:
•The Americas—Texas USA
• Europe/Middle East—Paris France
•Asia Pacific—Rayong Thailand Through
classroom study and practical
exercises attending delegates get to cover
various incident profiles and fire dynamics,
foam and dry chemical applications, response
logistics and field operations, and large-
volume equipment applications

104. OTHER
SYSTEMS
104

105. PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION-GPG
MORTAR
• Fireproofing
• Cable penetrations,
• Pipe penetrations
• Ventilation ducts.
• Girders, beams and
• Columns & Between fire cells.
• Construction finishing of scars in concrete, cotter slots, etc.
• Tested in brick, concrete, plaster structures and shown to have fire
resistance up to EI 120
• As per EN 12664/EN12667, EN ISO 3451-1, EN 480-2, EN 1026, EN
ISO 10140, EN ISO 12572
• FROM FIRESAFE-NORWAY 105

106. FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR FIRESAFE FT Board
Fire Stopping Systems for FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR
FIRESAFE Steel cable conduits rectangular and sirkular / FIRESAFE KL - reserve cable conduits of PVC
Fire Stopping Product from Firesafe AS

107. FIRESAFE FT Acrylic FIRESAFE FT Graphite
FIRESAFE SILICONE Sealant FIRESAFE FT Flex Strip
Fire Stopping Product from Firesafe AS

108. FIRESAFE Fire Collar, for plastic pipes FIRESAFE Fire stopping Wrap, for plastic pipes and celluar rubber
FIRESAFE Seal Pad, for Electrical plastic boxses FIRE Stopping Pillows for temporary Fire Sealing
Fire Stopping Product from Firesafe AS

109. • GPG MORTAR is used for a fire sealant
for penetrations of:
• Cables
• Steel, copper , aluminum , plastic and
composite pipes
• Mixed penetration
• Steel cable conduits
• Floor drains
• Blank penetration seals
• Joints
FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR

110. SHORT INFORMATION AND HISTORY AVBAUT THE FIRESAFE
GPG MORTAR
• GPG MORTAR is owned by company FIRESAFE AS.
• GPG MORTAR is manufactured at a factory in Germany for FIRESAFE AS.
• GPG MORTAR has been used since 1980 in Scandinavia.
• GPG MORTAR is the oldest and the first originale plaster – based fire
sealant in Europe.
• GPG MORTAR has been tested for fire resistance in 35 years and is now
the best documented product with the biggest Applications in Europe,
and the higest fire resistance class in Europe ≤ EI 240. Four hours for
integrity and temperature in fire.
• GPG MORTAR has explosion resistance at 10 cm > 7 bar.
• GPG MORTAR Expands by installing / curing 1%.
• GPG MORTAR is easy to install and is not harmful to health.
FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR

111. WHAT IS FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR?
• GPG MORTAR is a powder consisting of plaster, perlite and glass fibre.
That when mixed with water forms pouring mortar.
• The GPG MORTAR hardens quickly into a strong and fireproof material. GPG and Retarder
INSTALLATION: GPG MORTAR and
• Add GPG into a bucket with water, and mix by hand or with a power mixer for about ½ minute
to a smooth mixture to the desired consistency.
• Initial setting time is 75 minutes but may vary depending on the water-GPG powder ratio.
FS retarder may be added to delay the curing time.
• The mortar has excellent finishing properties and fastens well to concrete, plaster and steel.
• Hardened mortar may be easily drilled and sawed, so that poured openings may be opened for
changes in cabling or piping.
• Store dry, flat and frost free. Storage life almost unlimited
FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR

112. INSTALLING FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR
1. Fill a plastic bucket with 1 part of clean water
2. Mixing ratio:
a. To get a doughy consistency mix 4 parts of FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR with 1 part of
clean water.
b. To get a liquid consistency mix 2 parts of FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR with 1 part of
clean water
3. Used the mixture to fill the opening with FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR around the
penetration according to directions and thicknesses given in the installation manual
for FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR.
4. Smooth the mortar to get a clean and nice finish.
FIRESAFE GPG MORTAR

113. UNEXPOSED SIDES AFTER 4 HOURS. EI 240

114. OTHER
SYSTEMS
114

115. FIRE DOORS
• Wooden and Steel Fire Rated Doors
• Plain and Designer Doors
• UL Listed for 3 hours and Maximum
is 8' * 8', any size could be made
less than 8' * 8'
• Installation as per NFPA 80:
Standard for Fire Doors and Other
Opening Protectives
• Very short lead time, Production
time 2 weeks, Shipping time 3
weeks, Maximum 5weeks
total(35days)
115

116. SAFETY EQUIPMENT'S
• Respiratory Protection
• Gas Detection
• Thermal Imaging
• Eye & Face Protection
• Hearing
• Respiratory
• Fall Protection
• Hand Protection
• Protective Clothing
• First Aid
• Head Protection
• Lockout - Tagout
• Professional Footwear
• Traffic Safety
116

117. T H A N K Y O U
Q&A
117