Unit 3 Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence.pdf
Anatomie & voeding
1. Fig. 40-17
Organic molecules
in foodExternal
environment
Animal
body Digestion and
absorption
Nutrient molecules
in body cells
Carbon
skeletons
Cellular
respiration
ATP
Heat
Energy lost
in feces
Energy lost in
nitrogenous
waste
Heat
Biosynthesis
Heat
Heat
Cellular
work
3. Shrew
Harvest mouse
Mouse
Ground squirrel
Rat
Cat Dog
Sheep
Human
Horse
Elephant
Body mass (kg) (log scale)
BMR(LO2/hr)(logscale)
(a) Relationship of BMR to body size
10–3 10–2
10–2
10–1
10–1
1
1
10 102
103
10
102
103
4. 103
10210110–110–210–3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Body mass (kg) (log scale)
(b) Relationship of BMR per kilogram of body mass to body size
BMR(LO2/hr)(perkg)
Shrew
Harvest mouse
Mouse
Rat
Ground squirrel
Cat
Sheep
Dog
Human
Horse
Elephant
6. An animal’s diet must supply chemical energy, organic
molecules, and essential nutrients
Dieren hebben nodig:
- Chemische energie ATP
- Organisch C & N organische moleculen
- Essentiele voedingsstoffen
8. Assessing Nutritional Needs
Inzicht in wat mensen nodig hebben komt van epidemiologie,
de studie van gezondheid en ziekten in populaties.
Afwijkingen van het ruggenmerg (open rug, spina bifida)
kunnen veroorzaakt worden door een te kort aan foliumzuur.
9. Ingestion Digestion Absorption Elimination
Undigested
material
Chemical digestion
(enzymatic hydrolysis)
Nutrient
molecules
enter body
cells
Small
molecules
Mechanical
digestion
Food
Pieces
of food
1 2 3 4
Opname Vertering Absorptie Verwijdering
Voedselverwerking
15. Intracellular Digestion
Intracellulaire vertering: voedseldeeltjes worden opgenomen
door endocytose (fagocytose & pinocytose) en binnen
vacuoles verteerd.
Extracellulaire vertering: afbraak van voedseldeeltjes buiten
de cellen.
Intra = binnen
Extra = buiten
18. Bloodstream
Veins to heart
Lymphatic
system
Small intestine
Esophagus
Stomach
Lipids
Mouth
Hepatic portal vein
Absorbed food
(except lipids)
Absorbed
water
Secretions from
the gastric glands
of the stomach
Secretions from the
pancreas and the liver
Liver
Rectum
Anus
Large
intestine
19. Cecum
Anus Anus
Ascending
portion of
large intestine
Gall-
bladder
Small
intestine
Large
intestine
Small
intestine
Rectum
Pancreas
Liver
Salivary glands
Tongue
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Sphincter
Stomach
Sphincter
Duodenum of
small intestine
Appendix
Liver
Pancreas
Small
intestine
Large
intestine
Rectum
Stomach
Gall-
bladder
A schematic diagram of the
human digestive system
Esophagus
Salivary
glands
Mouth
20. Oral cavity,
pharynx,
esophagus
Stomach
Lumen of
small intes-
tine
Epithelium
of small
intestine
(brush
border)
Carbohydrate digestion
Polysaccharides
Smaller polysaccharides,
maltose
Polysaccharides
Maltose and other
disaccharides
Disaccharides
Protein digestion Nucleic acid digestion Fat digestion
Proteins
Small polypeptides
Pepsin
Pancreatic amylases
Salivary amylase
Disaccharidases
Monosaccharides
Small peptides
Amino acids
Amino acids
Polypeptides
Smaller
polypeptides
Pancreatic trypsin and
chymotrypsin
Pancreatic carboxypeptidase
Dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase,
and aminopeptidase
DNA, RNA
Pancreatic
nucleases
Fat globules
Nucleotides
Fat droplets
Nucleosides
Nitrogenous bases,
sugars, phosphates
Nucleotidases
Nucleosidases
and
phosphatases
Glycerol, fatty
acids, monoglycerides
Bile salts
Pancreatic lipase
(starch, glycogen) (sucrose, lactose)
26. Homeostasis:
90 mg glucose/
100 mL blood
Stimulus:
Blood glucose
level rises
after eating.
Stimulus:
Blood glucose
level drops
below set point.
InsulineOpname glucose
lichaamscellen
Opslag glucose
als glycogeen
Glucagon
Afbraak glycogeen
tot glucose
27. Leptin
PYY
Insulin
Ghrelin
Trek regulerende hormonen
Ghreline, afgescheiden door de
maagwand, is eetlust opwekkend.
Insuline, afgescheiden door de
alvleesklier, onderdrukt de eetlust.
Leptine, afgescheiden door de
vetweefsel, onderdrukt de eetlust.
PYY, afgescheiden door de
dunnedarm, onderdrukt de eetlust.