2. Wireless Network
And
Wireless Connectivity

3. Presentation Outcome
Introduction to
Wireless Network
Types of Wireless
Network
Wireless Network
Standards
Wireless Network
Security
Applications

4. BY :
NT ED
RESE
P
HTIAQ
IS
HINA

5. What is wireless?
Anything without wires!!

7. WIRELESS NETWORK
In wireless network, data are carried by
electrical wave (e.g., radio wave) from one
node to another.
There is no physical cable/wire connecting
one computer to another

8. History
Vic Haves has been called the "father of
WiFi".
The term WiFi, first used commercially in
August 1999,] was coined by a brand-
consulting firm called Inter band Corporation .
This technology has its origins in a 1985
ruling by the US Federal Communications
Commission that released the ISM Band for
unlicensed use.

9. Basic Components of Wireless Network

10. Wireless network hardwares
Wired network
Network interface cards (NIC)
Wireless access point /wireless router
Hubs
Client Bridges
Repeaters
Switches
Wireless PC cards
Wireless adapter
Modems
Antenna
Signal booster
Wired network

11. The Wired Network
Internet connectivity
Connection to a server
Connection to other network devices
Wireless antenna
Wireless network adapters, access points, and routers
all utilize an antenna to assist in receiving signals on
the WLAN.
Some wireless antennas, like those on adapters, are
internal to the unit. Other antennas, like those on many
access points, are externally visible.

12. Wireless Signal Boosters
Some manufacturers of wireless access points and
routers also sell a small piece of equipment called a
signal booster.
Signal booster serves to increase the strength of the
base station transmitter.
It improve both wireless network transmission and
reception simultaneously.

13. Network interface cards
A hardware component to control the flow of data is
known as network interface card.
Also known as adapter card, network card, network
interface card.
A light will indicate that an internal antenna is
activated.
Wireless ( Bluetooth NIC) must be installed in each
computer.

14. Major functions of wireless NIC:
Sender NIC:
Take data from Layer 3 (Network
Layer).
Encapsulate the data into frame.
Load the frame to electrical wave.
Transmit the electrical wave.
Receiver NIC
performs the reverse activities

15. Hub
, A device that distributes packets, or blocks of data, in
order to connect more than two computers together, is
known as hub.
Switch
A switch is a device that learns which machine is
connected to its port by using the PC or other devices
IP,s address
Function
A switch can send a packet directly to a specific
destination, instead of sending it to every computer in a
network.
Reduces the amount of broadcast traffic.

16. MODEM
A wireless modem is a type of modulator which
connects to a wireless network instead of using
telephone or cable television lines.
Wireless modems are used with computers to connect
to the Internet.
Connecting a wireless modem to the computer will
directly connect to your wireless ISP (Internet Service
Provider).

17. WIRELESS ROUTER
– A wireless router is commonly
used to provide access to the
Internet or to some other computer
network
Controls the speed
security requirements
“Center” of your WiFi network.

18. Wireless Access Point
– Central “wiring” device to connect wireless nodes to
wireless/wired network
– If a network uses WAP, all computers must
communicate via the WAP

19. PC ADAPTER
A PC Card adapter joins a
notebook computer to the
network.
The PC Card is a device
approximately the width and
height of a credit card
compatible with the PCMCIA
hardware interface standard.

20. TYPES OF WIRELESS
NETWORK
Wireless LAN
Wireless PAN
Wireless MAN
Wireless WAN
Wireless Mesh Network
Mobile Devices Network

21. Wireless Personal Area
Network
Wireless Personal Area Network (WPANs)
interconnect devices within a relatively small
area, that is generally within a person's reach.
Used to link PDA to computer without
hard wire.

22. WPAN Technology
Bluetooth is major
technology of
WPANs.
Well suited to use
in small devices.
Range of 30
meters.

23. Wireless Local Area
Network (WLAN)
WAN
Wide Area Network
(National/Global) A wireless local area network
(WLAN) links two or more devices
over a short distance using a
LAN wireless distribution method,
Local Area Network usually providing a connection
(Campus/Building) through an access point for
INTERNET ACCESS

25. WLAN..
Lab/Conference Room Work unethered
Improve productivity by
saving time (use idle time,
minimize meeting prep time)
You
Have real-time access
for urgent messages and
key information
Wireless Access Point
Your
Office
LAN

26. Local Area Networks (LAN)
Function – wireless equivalent to Ethernet Local Area Network
Based on IEEE standard 802.11 series

802.11 – 1997, data rates to 2 Mb/s (outdated)

802.11b - 1999, data rates to 11 Mb/s (available now)

802.11g - 2000, data rates to 22 Mb/s (available 2002)

802.11a - emerging, data rates to 54 Mb/s (available late 2001)
802.11b is dominant technology being implemented.
Part of the specification is the Wired Equivalent Protocol (WEP)
designed to protect link layer (over-the-air) traffic attacks
26

27. WLANs Technology
WiFi is best technology of
WLAN;
Range – several 100
meters
WLAN is often used in
cities to connect networks
in two or more buildings
without installing a wired
link.

28. Wireless Mesh Network
A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made up of radio
waves organized in a mesh topology.
Each node forwards messages on behalf of the other nodes.
Mesh networks can "self heal", automatically re-routing around a
node that has lost power.

29. WMN Applications
US military forces use
it to connect computers
in field operation.
Students use wireless
mesh network to
exchange files although
they lack wired
connection.

30. Wireless Metropolitan Area
Network
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks are a
type of wireless network that connects several
wireless local area networks.
WiMAX is a type of Wireless MAN and is
described by the IEEE 802.16 standard

31. WMANs..
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network is also
known as Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
Wireless local loop can reach effective
transfer speeds of 1 to 10 Mbps within a
range of 4 to 10 kilometres, which makes it
useful mainly for telecommunications
companies.

33. Wireless Wide Area Network
Wireless Wide Area Networks are wireless networks that
typically cover large areas, such as between neighboring
towns and cities, or city and suburb.
Most common - all mobile phones are connected to a wireless
wide area network.

34. Started with cell phones
– many technologies &
standards
Progressed through
WAN multiple generations
Wide Area Network
(National/Global) Analog voice phones
Digital voice phones
Web-enabled phones
Despite multiple
generations, technology is
still immature and
changing dynamically
(e.g., web access from a
cell phone)

36. Main Technologies
GSM (Global system for Mobile
Communication)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
system)

37.  Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) -- a digital mobile telephone system
used in Europe and other parts of the
world
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) -- a
packet-based wireless communication
service that provides continuous
connection to the Internet for mobile
phone and computer users

39. Continued...........
 Universal Mobile
Telecommunications
System (UMTS) -- a
broadband, packet-based
system offering a
consistent set of services
to mobile computer and
phone users no matter
where they are located in
the world

40. Mobile Devices Network
With the development of smart phones , cellular telephone
networks routinely carry data in addition to telephone
conversations

Global system of communication

Personal communication Services

Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service

42. Wireless network Speed And Range
Wireless network speed depends on:
– The wireless network technology standard
– The distance between sender and receiver, or
between a node and a Wireless Access Point
– Interference from other wireless devices or
electronic devices (e.g., wireless phone)
– The presence of solid object (especially metal
object, electronic appliance) between the sender and
receiver, or between a node and a Wireless Access
Point

43. Wireless Network Range
To increase the wireless network range:
Using “signal booster”
Using Wireless Access Point instead of using
ad-hoc mode, use infrastructure mode
Using MULTIPLE Wireless Access Points

44. Wireless Network Standards
Two major wireless network technology
standards:

IEEE 802.11
Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)

IEEE 802.15
Bluetooth

45. WiFi.....
WiFi is a popular technology that allows an
electronic device to exchange data wirelessly
using Radio signals over computer network
including internet connection.

46. Wireless Network Standards
IEEE 802.11
– Wi-Fi

Most popular

All Wi-Fi standards (802.11, a, b, g) have the
following features:

Communication mode: supporting Ad-hoc and
Infrastructure

SSID

47. Wireless Network Standards
Wi-Fi:
– Includes:
802.11
– The oldest
– Maximum throughput: 2 Mbps
– Maximum distance between sender and
receiver (node and WAP): 150 feet
802.11 b
– Maximum throughput: 11 Mbps
– Maximum distance between sender and
receiver (node and WAP): 300 feet

48. Wireless Network Standards
Wi-Fi:

802.11 a
Developed after 802.11 b
Maximum throughput: 54 Mbps
Problem: NOT compatible with the “popular”
802.11 b

Maximum distance between sender and receiver
(node and WAP): 150 feet

802.11g
Maximum throughput: 54 Mbps
Maximum distance between sender and receiver
(node and WAP): 300 feet

49. RANGE
Wi-Fi networks have limited range.
A typical wireless access point using 802.11b or
802.11g with a stock antenna might have a range of
32 m (120 ft) indoors and 95 m (300 ft) outdoors.

50. USES
All stations share a single radio frequency
communication channel
Transmissions on this channel are received by all
stations within range.
The hardware does not signal the user that the
transmission was delivered and is therefore called a
best effort security mechanism

51. BLUETOOTH
Bluetooth is an open standard for short-
distance of digital voice & data

52. Wireless Network Standards: Bluetooth
Bluetooth:
Technology of WPAN
Short-range network
Its speed is 4 Mbps

53. RANGE
Maximum distance between sender and
receiver:
33 feet (10 meters)
2.4 GHz frequency

54. Wireless Network Security
Three basic wireless network security methods:
– SSID (Service Set IDentification)
– MAC Address Filtering
– Encryption

55. Controlling Access to a WLAN
Access is controlled by limiting a device’s
access to the access point (AP)
Only devices that are authorized can
connect to the AP
One way: Media Access Control (MAC) address
filtering

57. MAC Address Filtering

58. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Designed to ensure that only authorized
parties can view transmitted wireless
information
Uses encryption to protect traffic
WEP was designed to be:
Efficient and reasonably strong
58

59. WEP Keys
WEP secret keys can be 64 or 128 bits long
The AP and devices can hold up to four
shared secret keys
One of which must be designated as the default
key

61. Device Authentication
Before a computer can connect to a WLAN,
it must be authenticated
Types of authentication in 802.11
Open system authentication
• Lets everyone in
Shared key authentication
• Only lets computers in if they know the shared key

62. Personal Wireless
Security
WPA Personal Security
WPA2 Personal Security

63. WPA Personal Security
In 2002, the WECA organization changed its name
to Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Alliance
In October 2003 the Wi-Fi Alliance introduced Wi-
Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA had the design goal to protect both present and future
wireless devices, addresses both wireless authentication
and encryption
PSK addresses authentication and TKIP
addresses encryption

64. WPA2 Personal Security
Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)
Introduced by the Wi-Fi Alliance in September
2004
The second generation of WPA security
Still uses PSK (Pre-Shared Key) authentication
But instead of TKIP encryption it uses a stronger
data encryption method called AES-CCMP

65. Web-based WAP Configuration Utility

66. Wired (Cabled) Network versus Wireless
Network
Advantages of Wireless Network over Wired (Cabled)
Network

Mobility: Users can roam around the network
without being disconnected

Installation speed and cost: Building wireless
medium to large network is usually faster and
cheaper than building wired (cabled) medium to
large network because there is no need to pull
cable through walls and ceilings

Reach of network: Wireless network can be
extended to places where wire/cable cannot reach

Flexibility/scalability: New computers can be added
easily without having to pull cable into the
computers

67. Disadvantages of Wireless Network
Speed: In general, wireless network
technology is slower than wired network
technology
Security: In general, wireless network is less
secured than wired network

68. Applications of Wireless
Network

69.  Cellular phones and pagers -- provide
connectivity for portable and mobile
applications, both personal and business
 Global Positioning System (GPS) -- allows
drivers of cars and trucks, captains of
boats and ships, and pilots of aircraft to
ascertain their location anywhere on earth

70.  Cordless computer peripherals -- the
cordless mouse is a common example;
keyboards and printers can also be linked
to a computer via wireless
 Cordless telephone sets -- these are
limited-range devices, not to be confused
with cell phones

71.  Home-entertainment-system control boxes
-- the VCR control and the TV channel
control are the most common examples;
some hi-fi sound systems and FM
broadcast receivers also use this
technology
 Remote garage-door openers -- one of the
oldest wireless devices in common use by
consumers; usually operates at radio
frequencies

72.  Two-way radios -- this includes Amateur
and Citizens Radio Service, as well as
business, marine, and military
communications
 Baby monitors -- these devices are
simplified radio transmitter/receiver units
with limited range

73.  Satellite television -- allows viewers in
almost any location to select from
hundreds of channels
 Wireless LANs or local area networks --
provide flexibility and reliability for
business computer users

74.  Portable wireless -- the operation of
autonomous, battery-powered wireless
devices or systems outside the office,
home, or vehicle; examples include
handheld cell phones and PCS units
 IR wireless -- the use of devices that
convey data via IR (infrared) radiation;
employed in certain limited-range
communications and control systems

75. Want more info?
 http://www.nwc.com/showitem.jhtml?docid=1506ws1
 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;313242&Product=winxp
 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm
 http://www.bbwexchange.com/wisps/
 http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20021031S0004
 http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=60403318
 http://www.pcworld.com/news/article/0,aid,115165,pg,1,RSS,RSS,00.asp
 http://www.securitypipeline.com/howto/57702370
 http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;826145&Product=winxp
 http://wwb.wirelessdictionary.com/
 http://www.drizzle.com/%7Eaboba/IEEE/
 http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/networking/expert/netwimprovements.mspx
 http://www.networkcomputing.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=53700582
 http://www.wardrive.net/security/links
 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm/printable
 http://www.bluetooth.com/
 http://www.wi-fi.org/OpenSection/index.asp?TID=1