church history 1500-1700 reformation counter reformation

1. Renaissance Church
1500-1700
Enlightenment Church 1700-1900
Modern Church 1900-2000+
Early Church ~30-500
Emerging Church 500-1000 A.D.
Medieval Church 1000-1500

2. • A great surge in the growth of art and literature
• Renewed interest in the cultures
of ancient Greece and Rome
• Impossible without centuries of emphasis on
learning
• Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci,
(Shakespeare)
• many leaders, including Church leaders, caught
up in luxury living, excess, wealth, immorality

3. Need for Reform
1. New teachings, new ideas challenging accepted traditions
2. Papal Authority was severely weakened by Great Schism
3. Scandalous behavior in the lives of many clergy
• Growing desire to get back to basics in Church
• Kings trying to dominate papacy
• New methods of studying and publishing Scripture
• Printing Press

4. St. Teresa of Avila 1515-1582
• Spanish mystic, theologian, nun, author
• reformer of the Carmelite Order, founder of the Discalced
Carmelites
• Also a “Doctor of the Church” – wrote several great works
• Grandfather was convicted by Inquisition
• Jewish convert
• Entered a cloister which was very lax –
after some years, felt called to get “back
to basics” – absolute poverty
• Was persecuted by her order and others
• Poverty was scandalous
• Eventually became patron saint of Spain
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5. Event: Reformation
• Reformers were Catholics of high principle who had no
intention of dividing the Church… but that’s what happened
• Luther responded to personal and Church sinfulness with: God
alone saves people through faith
• Sola scriptora – Scripture alone, instead of Scripture and Tradition
• Indulgences
• Church began legal proceedings against him, excommunicated
• Becomes Lutheranism – a movement beyond Luther’s control
• Zwingli: nothing at all is valid if not in the Bible: Puritanism
• Calvin: God has already chosen who will be saved:
predestination

8. Renaissance:
Uniting or Dividing?
(Re-)United Divided
Some Eastern Orthodox
Churches
Lutheranism
Assyrian Church Puritanism &
Anabaptism
Oriental Orthodox
Church
Calvinism
Anglicanism

9. Unity
•Constantinople falls to Islam
• becomes Istanbul
•Russian Orthodox Church:
• Moscow becomes most powerful
•Some formerly Orthodox Churches
re-unite with Rome: Union of Brest

11. Event: Counter Reformation
• Council of Trent gathered all bishops to
respond to Protestantism
• Establishes what is Catholic teaching
• Standardizes much of Church life,
including the Mass, training priests
• A “Hard Line” but one that provided
unity

12. St. Ignatius of Loyola
1491-1556
• a Spanish knight from a local Basque
noble family
• Wounded in battle, while recovering
converted to deeper faith
• Noticed Consolation and Desolation
• Wrote Spiritual Exercises
• founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
• characterized by absolute obedience
to the Pope
• Jesuits worked in rural parishes, set
example of Catholic renewal
• Also became missionaries to
expanding world

13. Event: Exploration

14. Event: Colonization
• No question Christian Churches worked with states to conquer
indigenous peoples around the world, and also upheld their
rights
• Also: Sublimis Deus (1537)
• unequivocally declares the indigenous peoples of the Americas to
be rational beings with souls
• denouncing any idea to the contrary as directly inspired by the
"enemy of the human race" (Satan)
• condemns their reduction to slavery in the strongest terms
• entitles their right to liberty and property
• concludes with a call for their evangelization.