RFID consists of radio frequency-enabled tags and readers. RFID tags contain microchips that can be attached to objects and read remotely by readers using radio waves. RFID systems have three main components: tags which are attached to objects, readers which can read and sometimes write to tags, and a data processing subsystem which handles the data. Tags can be either passive, powered by the reader, or active, containing a battery. RFID finds applications in areas like supply chain management, access control and payment systems.
3. What is RFID?
ďRadio Frequency Identification
ďIdentification system that consists of chip-based tags
and readers
ďData is stored and retrieved remotely using radio
waves
ď Onboard sensors
ď Product information
4. RFID System Components
ď RFID Tag
ď Transponder
ď Located on the object
ď RFID Reader
ď Transceiver
ď Can read and write data to Tag
ď Data Processing Subsystem
5.
6. Transponders
ďConsists of microchip (tag) that stores data and
antenna.
ďActive transponders have on-tag batteries.
ďPassive transponders obtain all power from the RF
interrogation signal of reader.
ďActive and passive only communicate when
interrogated by transceiver.
7. Transreceiver
ďConsists of an RF module, a control unit, and a
coupling element to interrogate tags via RF
communication.
ďAlso have secondary interface to communicate with
back-end systems.
ďReads tags located in an external environment and are
obscured from view
8. Data Processing Subsystem
ďBackend System
ďConnected via high-speed network
ďComputers used for business planning (ERP)
ďDatabase storage
ďCan be as simple as a reader attached to a cash register
9. Operation Type
ďFull and half duplex systems
ď Transponderâs response is broadcast when the readerâs
RF field is switched on
ďSequential procedure
ď Readerâs RF field is periodically switched off
ď Loss of power during breaks
ď Need auxiliary capacitors or batteries
10. Data Capacity
ďNormal range is from a few bytes to several kilobytes
ď1-bit transponders
ď Useful for simple monitoring
ď Low cost
11. Read only vs. writeable
ďElectrically erasable programmable read-only memory
(EEPROM)
ď High power consumption
ď Limited number of write cycle
ďFerromagnetic random access memory (FRAM)
ď Lower power consumption
ďStatic random access memory (SRAM)
ď Rapid write cycles
ď Needs power supply for data retention
12. Power Supply
ďPassive
ď Require no internal power source or maintenance
ď Tag reader is responsible for power
ďActive
ď Require a power source
ď More reliable and efficient in rugged environments
13. Active RFID Tags
ď Battery Powered tags
ď Have much greater range â 100m
ď Hold much more information â Kbytes
ď Can integrate sensing technology
ď Temperature, GPS
ď Can signal at defined time
ď Multiple tags can be recorded/read at once
ď Used for higher value items
ď Shipping containers
ď Electronic assets
ď Cost between $20 and $40 per item
ď Life between 2 â 4 years