Presentation made by *E. A. Muse, *R.B. Matondo, *E.D. Karimuribo, *G. Misinzo, *L.S.B. Mellau, *P.L.M. Msoffe, ‡M.O. Albano and † G.C. Gitao
at the biennial Conference 2012
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) outbreak in southern, Tanzania
1. Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
outbreak in southern, Tanzania
*E. A. Muse, *R.B. Matondo, *E.D.
Karimuribo, *G. Misinzo, *L.S.B. Mellau, *P.L.M.
Msoffe, ‡M.O. Albano and † G.C. Gitao
*Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA)
† University of Nairobi (UoN)
‡ Veterinary Investigation Centres (VICs)
2012
2. Introduction
• Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly
contagious viral disease (Morbillivirus)
• Affects domestic &wild small ruminants (esp. goats and
sheep)
• Characterised by high morbidity and mortality (50-
100%) in naive populations
• In Tanzania: first confirmation in 2008, confined to
northern zone until 2010/2011 then in southern parts
3. Objectives
• To describe clinical and pathological lesions of
PPR and confirm presence of PPRV in southern
Tanzania
• To determine the seroprovalence and describe
epidemiological factors in affected villages
• To identify sources and factors that contributed
to introduction of PPR in southern Tanzania
4. Materials and Methods
Study Area
• Tandahimba and Newala districts in Mtwara
Mozambique
5. Sampling points
• Design
–Cross-sectional
study
• Data collection
–March to May
2011
Purposive – (Affected villages);
Interviews and questionnaires
Samples collection
• Tissues (histo) and swabs (RT-PCR; n=30)
• Serum (Serological assays, c-ELISA, n=216)
6. Results
Clinical signs:
high fever (41oC),
depression,
anorexia,
purulent lacrimation,
diarrhoea,
stomatitis,
reddening conjunctiva,
nasal discharge,
matting of eyelids and
skin nodules
7. Glossy and Histopathology
Lung hyperaemia and consolidation
H&E staining of skin lesion showing
thick crust; mononuclear cells
• Acute pneumonia
8. • Confirmed the presence of PPR in southern
Tanzania by RT-PCR (56.7%)
• Serological analysis of 216 serum samples
established seroprevalence of 31.0% (95% CI=24.9-
37.6%)
• Significantly higher seroprevalence in
Tandahimba (55.5%) than in Newala (5.7%)
(p<0.001)
9. Seroprevalence by ward and district
Seroprevalence
100 79.2
80 60 55.8 55.5
60
40 29.2
20 11.3 5.7
4.3 3.7 3.3
0
village/DISTRICT
11. When and how was PPR introduced?
• Farmers reported to have seen cases in 2009
• PPR was first introduced in Likuna village (Newala
district) in February 2009
• Through a newly purchased goats from the Pugu
livestock market (a.d. 700km in Dar es Salaam)
• The disease rapidly spread to neighbouring villages
by communal grazing and sale of sick animals (cheap
prices)
13. CONCLUSION
• PPR is now prevalent in southern Tanzania
• Disease control measures on going
• Other SADC countries (especially Mozambique,
Malawi & Zambia) are at high risk
• National, regional and international collaboration
required to contain and control the disease