wind energy

1. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 1
Abstract
In this paper my effective approach is to harness electrical energy from the highways by means of Vertical axis wind turbine. The smart wind
mill consists of a stationary shaft which is mounted on the ball bearing on the top and bottom end of the shaft. The curvy darrieus blades are
connected to the two ends of the bearing which is able to rotate on its own axis. In highways the vehicles moving on two different directions
makes the wind turbine to rotate more effectively on its own axis in only one direction i.e. clockwise direction. The dynamo is connected to the
either upper part or lower part of the wind turbine which works on Fleming’s left hand rule of electromagnetic induction. The smart wind
turbine is able to rotate more effectively as a result large amount of electricity is generated by more number of Vehicles passing by. In
highways both at day as well as at night times vehicles will be moving at very high speed. So it is possible to get good efficiency as output.
When the wind power gets increased certainly the number of rotations gets increased and we can get high output as electricity. Wind power is
an alternate to fossil fuel which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed resource .Clean energy produces no greenhouse gases during its
operation and requires little land. By this method the overall cost per unit of energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and
its installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other methods.
Keywords––Blade design, Darrieus Blade, Green energy, Vertical Axis wind Turbine and Wind power.
I. INTRODUCTION
As the automobiles moves from highways/expressways, there
is a creation of pressure column on both the sides of the road.
This pressure column is created due to imbalance of high
pressure/low pressure energy band created by the automobiles.
Due to this pressure band wind flow and create pressure thrust.
This wind Pressure thrust depends upon the:-
a) The intensity of the traffic.
b) The size of the automobile.
c) The speed of the automobiles.
Fig1: sample picture of wind turbines installed near side highway
This Pressure thrust of wind energy can be converted into
mechanical energy with the help of small turbines placing
them just nearby these highways sides and centre
These small turbines installed on road
side by getting high pressure from winds
starts rotating. This rotational energy of
turbine can be stored in batteries and can
be utilized in any work in the form of
electricity.
These are vertical axis turbines which can be installed nearby
highways. These turbine rotates on the energy pressure created
by the nearby moving automobile. These moving turbines
produces mechanical energy in the form of rotation which can
further be used to produce electricity with the help of
generator. These turbines can be installed just near by the
highways as well as railway tracks which can useful to rotate
these turbines.
Fig 2: The model of lights glowing from the energy generated through
highways
All these turbines can be connected through each other with
the help of a common shaft can be called as drive shaft. This
drive shaft can be connected to generator with the help of gear
drive system (which can increase the speed of the drive shaft
further). Through this generator we can connect to a battery
which can store that energy for temporary basis
The wings of the turbine can be installed in between the two
paths that is on the divider or on the opposite side of the
highways. These turbine are vertical axis curved shaped
covering as large surface area as possible. This system is used
to produce electricity and use it at that place only or can be
transferred to nearby village or can be use to develop and
maintain a bio diversity or wild life sanctuary nearby.
HARNESSING ELECTRIAL ENERGY IN
HIGHWAYS BY SMART WIND MILL
Vinaykumar.K.Saunshi¹, Arun.N.Koppad²
¹Student 6th
sem Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur, Karanatka,India
²Student 6th
sem Dept of Mech Engg, Sri Taralabalu Jagadguru Institute of Technology Ranebennur, Karanatka,India

2. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 2
There are two types of turbines
1.Horizantal axis wind turbine
2.Verticle axis wind turbine
HORIZANTAL AXIS
TURBINE
VERTICAL AXIS
TURBINE
In case of horizontal axis wind
turbine air strikes from one
direction only.
In case of vertical axis wind
turbine air strikes from both
direction.
In this turbine generator, gear
box cannot be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine generator, gear
box etc may be placed on the
ground.
In this turbine tower is essential
hence cost of investment is high.
In this turbine tower is not
essential hence cost is less.
In this turbine control system is
required.
There is no requirement of
control system which also
reduces the over cost and
frequent maintenance.
Fig. 3 horizontal axis wind turbine
Fig. 4 vertical axis turbine
II GREEN TECHNOLOGY
Energy is the Fuel for development: The global demand for energy is
rising rapidly due to massive urbanization of huge developing
countries like China and India. As we realize that fossil fuels are
going to run out, we're trying harder to develop other means of
generating the electricity on which we depend. Renewable resources,
such as solar, hydro-electric, tidal powers are particularly attractive,
although they do have drawbacks.
II. DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY
India has vast supply of renewable energy resources, even though
energy crisis has become a great bottleneck in our sophisticated life.
The total demand for electricity is expected to cross 2550,000 MW
by 2030. The electrical sector have an installed capacity of 185.5 GW
as of November 2011. The thermal power plant constitutes 65% ,
hydroelectricity has 25% and the rest is the combination of wind and
solar power. In January 2012, over 700 million citizens had no access
to electricity, and many people get electricity intermittently.
Electrical consumption as per 2012 was 130 KWh in rural areas and
300 KWh in urban areas. India is currently suffering from major
shortage for electricity. India should become one of the leading
power producers in the world, but the current technologies are not
sufficient to achieve our goal.
III. MY GREEN IDEA FOR POWER
GENERATION!
To overcome the above problem, we need to implement the new
technologies in production of energy. Smart Wind power is the
conversion of wind energy into useful form of energy such as electric
energy by using wind turbines in the middle or either sides of the
highways to generate electricity. Wind power is an alternate to fossil
fuels which is plentiful, renewable widely distributed .clean energy
produces no green house gases during its operation and requires little
land. So, we suggest that the energy can be harnessed in highways or
roadways by placing the smart wind turbine in the middle of the
highways. The smart wind turbine rotates more effectively because of
the wind power generated in the roadways due to large number of
vehicles passing at very high speed. The smart wind turbine consists
of the shaft which is mounted on the blades and the bottom end is
connected to the generator. When the wind power increases certainly
the number of rotations gets increased. So we can get large amount of
electricity for domestic purposes. In this overall cost per unit of
energy produced is less than the cost of new coal, natural gas and its
installation. So the implementation can be made easier than any other
methods.
IV. INNOVATION INVOLVED IN SMART WIND
MILL
The figure given above is my practical implementation of the smart wind
mill in the middle of the highways.
My effective innovative approach is a smart windmill which can
overcome the problems in the present wind mill and finds a new way

3. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 3
to make use of the wasted wind power in the roadways and highways.
The smart wind mill does not occupy large acres or area to install the
plant and we need not find any new place to install the plant. And It
will not affect any birds and other creatures. Which have a main
impact of not produce any unwanted noises.
V. DESCRIPTION OF WORKING PRINCIPLE
A. Capturing wind induced by moving vehicles.
The moving vehicles may be all types of light or heavy vehicles
running on road, such as two, three, four wheelers or even bigger
vehicles. The moving vehicles could be railway train running on
railway track. The vehicles could also be aircraft moving on to the
runway, taking off or landing; when testing the propellers in the
workshops, proceeding to or standing by in the holding area before
taking off. These induces fast winds in all it direction of propagation.
B. Routing the induced wind in the direction of the wind
turbine.
If the wind is properly directed towards the wind turbine blades,
optimum electricity may be generated. The desired direction of wind
is obtained by a means for channeling wind, in the direction of the
wind turbine. Channeling of wind in a desired direction may be
obtained by, at least one truncated cone or pyramid shaped housing or
a pair of planar members converging towards the blades of the wind
turbine.
Aerodynamics is the science and study of the physical laws of the
behavior of objects in an air flow and the forces that are produced by
air flows. The shape of the aerodynamic profile is decisive for blade
performance. Even minor alterations in the shape of the profile can
greatly alter the power curve and noise level. Therefore a blade
designer does not merely sit down and outline the shape when
designing a new blade.
Fig 5. Process Involved
The aerodynamic profile is formed with a rear side, is much more
curved than the front side facing the wind. Two portions of air
molecules side by side in the air flow moving towards the profile at
point A will separate and pass around the profile and will once again
be side by side at point B after passing the profile’s trailing edge. As
the rear side is more curved than the front side on a wind turbine
blade, this means that the air flowing over the rear side has to travel a
longer distance from point A to B than the air flowing over the front
side. Therefore this air flow over the rear side must have a higher
velocity if these two different portions of air shall be reunited at point
B. Greater velocity produces a pressure drop on the rear side of the
blade, and it is this pressure drop that produces the lift.
The highest speed is obtained at the rounded front edge of the blade.
The blade is almost sucked forward by the pressure drop resulting
from this greater front edge speed. There is also a contribution
resulting from a small over-pressure on the front side of the blade.
Compared to an idling blade the aerodynamic forces on the blade
under operational conditions are very large. Most wind turbine
owners have surely noticed these forces during a start-up in good
wind conditions
.
The wind turbine will start to rotate very slowly at first, but as it
gathers speed it begins to accelerate faster and faster. The change
from slow to fast acceleration is a sign that the blade’s aerodynamic
shape comes into play, and that the lift greatly increases when the
blade meets the head wind of its own movement.
Fig 6. Aerodynamic Profile of Blade
The fast acceleration, near the wind turbines operational rotational
speed, places great demands on the electrical cut-in system that must
capture and engage the wind turbine without releasing excessive peak
electrical loads to the grid. The desired direction may be transverse or
parallel to the direction of plane of rotation of blades depending upon
the type of wind turbine used or the direction of wind, or it the design
of the wind turbines. The turbines are connected to electricity
generator to generate electricity. The generated electricity may be
used directly or stored in batteries which can be used at the time of
need.
C. Converting the energy of the wind into mechanical
energy by using wind turbine.
There are two primary physical principles by which energy can be
extracted from the wind. These are through the creation of either lift
or drag force (or through a combination of the two). Drag forces
provide the most obvious means of propulsion, these being the forces
felt by a person (or object) exposed to the wind. Lift forces are the
most efficient means of propulsion but being more subtle than drag
forces are not so well understood.
Lift is primary due to the physical phenomena known as Bernoulli’s
Law. This physical law states that when the speed of an air flow over
a surface is increased the pressure will then drop. This law is counter
to what most people experience from walking or cycling in a head
wind, where normally one feels that the pressure increases when the
wind also increases. This is also true when one sees an air flow
blowing directly against a surface, but it is not the case when air is
flowing over a surface.
D. Converting that mechanical energy into electrical
energy by using a generating device.
The generator is the unit of the wind turbine that transforms
mechanical energy into electrical energy. The blades transfer the
kinetic energy from the wind into rotational energy in the
transmission system, and the generator is the next step in the supply
of energy from the wind turbine to the electrical grid.

4. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 4
The wind turbine may be connected to an electricity generator. The
generated electricity may to be stored in pluralities of batteries from
which energy may be used as per the need.
Fig No.7: Generator
These turbines have been designed to power small units like
compartments of train, recharging batteries, although we should
mention that it is also quite easy to imagine how a specially designed
wind turbine like this could sit on top of the train or at front and
power its engine as you cruise along on the rail/road. This wind
turbine was developed to be used as an alternative means to recharge
communications equipment too.
Fig8 . Developed power distribution
VI. DESIGN CALCULATIONS ASSUMPTIONS
1.Neglecting friction losses in all sections.
2. Vehicle moving with 93 kmh.
3. Velocity of wind is 7 m/sec.
Area of Blade
Discharge =2.5 m3/min
Velocity of Wind, V = 7 m/s
Length of blade, l =0.226 m
Breath, b = 0.077 m
Area of Blade = l x b = 0.0174 m2
Power =0.5 x p x A x V2
Power
P = 0.5 x 1.093 x 0.0174 x 73
P = 3.26 watt
P = 11.736 kWh
Torque
Torque = 11.236 = (2 x 3.14 x 300 x T)/60
T = 0.37 N-m
Calculation for Gears
N1 = rpm of driving Gear= 300 rpm
N2 = rpm of driven Gear300 x (37/19) = 584 rpm
T1 = Number of teeth on = 37
T2 = Number of teeth on= 19
Velocity Ratio = T2/T1
= 1.95
Power on D.C motor = 3.26 x 1.95
= 6.357 watt
VII. ECONOMICS AND FEASIBILITY
The cost of wind-generated electric power has dropped substantially.
Since 2004, according to some sources, the price in the United States
is now lower than the cost of fuel-generated electric power. In 2005,
wind energy cost one-fifth as much as it did in the late 1990s, and
that downward trend is expected to continue, as larger multi-
megawatt turbines are mass-produced. A British Wind Energy
Association report gives an average generation cost of onshore wind
power of around £0.032 per kWh. Most major forms of electric
generation are capital intensive, meaning that they require substantial
investments at project inception, and low ongoing costs. This is
particularly true for wind power, which have fuel costs close to zero
and relatively low maintenance costs. Wind energy benefits from
subsidies of various kinds in many jurisdictions, either to increase its
attractiveness, or to compensate for subsidies received by other forms
of production or which have significant negative externalities. It is
possible to produce electricity from wind for as little as £0.02 per
kWh, comparing with the cost of electricity from conventional
sources. However, low cost generation is only possible on the
windiest sites. Typically, electricity from wind will cost around
£0.02-0.10 per kWh depending on scale and location.
VIII. ADVANTAGES
a. The energy produce is environmental pollution free and
does not cause any harm to environment.
b. Till now the energy which is waste can be utilized in
developmental work.
c. Installation and maintenance charge is no to much high.
d. There is no damage to birds and animals.
e. Can be use to produce energy free electricity.
f. Can be use to pump water and develop a well maintained irrigation
system.
g. Can be use to develop nearby villages and make it prosperous..
h. Can be use to maintain a biodiversity, wild life sanctuary or
national park.
DISADVANTAGES
1.One turbine cannot provide sufficient power so collective turbines
are used.
2. Light vehicles do not generate more power.
3. Installation cost is high.

5. WIND ENERGY POTENCIAL FROM HIGHWAYS 5
4. Huge amount of traffic is essential.
5. If speed of vehicle is less it is in effective
IX. TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY
The wind power industry has experienced an average growth rate of
27% per year between 2000 and 2011, and wind power capacity has
doubled on average every three years. A total of 83 countries now use
wind power on a commercial basis and 52 countries increased their
total wind power capacity in 2010 (REN21, 2011). The new capacity
added in 2011 totalled 41 GW, more than any other renewable
technology (GWEC, 2012). This meant total wind power capacity at
the end of 2011 was 20% higher than at the end of 2010 and reached
238 GW by the end of 2011
Fig.09 Increase in the utilization of wind energy year by year
Europe accounted for 41% of the global installed wind power
capacity at the end of 2011, Asia for 35% and North America for
22%. The top ten countries by installed capacity accounted for 86%
of total installed wind power capacity worldwide at the end of 2011
(Figure 3.2). China now has an installed capacity of 62 GW, 24 times
the capacity they had in 2006. China now accounts for 26% of global
installed capacity, up from just 3% in 2006. Total installed capacity
at the end of 2011 in the United States was 47 GW (20% of the
global total), in Germany it was 29 GW (12%), in Spain it was 22
GW (9%) and in India it was 16 GW (7%).
Fig. 10 A graph represents the utilization of wind energy in different country
Conclusively, extensive data is collected on wind patterns
produced by vehicles on both sides of the highway. Using the
collected data, a wind turbine is designed to be placed on the
medians of the highway. Although one turbine may not provide
adequate power generation, a collective of turbines on a long
strip of highway has potential to generate a large amount of
energy that can be used to power streetlights, other public
amenities or even generate profits by selling the power back to
the grid. This design concept is meant to be sustainable and
environmentally friendly. Additionally, a wind turbine powered
by artificial wind has a myriad of applications. Theoretically any
moving vehicle can power the turbine such as an amusement
park ride. The highway wind turbine can be used to provide
power in any city around the globe where there is high vehicle
traffic.
XI. FUTURE SCOPE
1. India has wast supply of renewable energy
resources.
2. Total demand for electricity is excepted to cross
2550,000 MW by 2030. The electrical sector
have an installed capacity of 185.5GW has of
NOV 2011.
3. India is currently suffering from major shortage
for electricity. India should become one of the
leading power producers in the word, but the
current technologies are not sufficient to achieve
our goal.
4. To overcome above problem we need to
implement the new technology in the production
of energy. Smart wind power is the conversion
of wind energy in to useful form of energy such
has electrical energy by using wind turbines in
the middle are either sides of the highways to
generate electricity.
XII. REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. Yongning Chi, Yanhua Liu, Weisheng Wang, “Voltage Stability
Analysis of Wind Farm integration into
Transmission Network” IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, vol. 21,
issue 1, pp. 257-264, March. 2006.
2. Poller.M.A "Doubly-fed induction machine models for stability
assessment of wind farms Power
Tech Conference Proceedings”, IEEE Bologna, Volume 3, 23-26
June 2003.
3. K. Nandigam, B.H.Chowdhury "Power flow and stability models
for induction generators used in
Wind turbines," IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting,
Vol.2, 6-10 June 2004 Page:2012– 2016
4. “A method for generating electricity by capturing tunnel induced
winds” by REKHI, Bhupendra, Singh.
5. C.J. Baker (1986), “Train Aerodynamic Forces and Moments from
Moving Model Experiments”,
JOURNALS
1. Assessment Of Wind Energy Potential From Highways-
Mr.Mukesh Kumar Sharma,HOD mech engg dept Govt.
Polytechnic College, Chittorgarh (Raj.), India
2. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
24(1986),