Chapter 1 Classification of living things For Core Biology Cambridge 2020

1. Classification
of living things
Y9 Core Biology

2. Characteristics of living things
› Movement
› Respiration
› Sensitivity/Irritability
› Growth
› Reproduction
› Excretion
› Nutrition

3. characteristic Definition
Movement The ability to change position of part or all the body
Respiration The break down of food molecules inside living cells to
release energy
Sensitivity The ability to sense and respond to changes in the
internal or external environment.
Growth The permanent increase in (dry) mass, size and/or
number of cells.
Reproduction The ability to produce organisms of the same kind.
Excretion The removal of metabolic wastes, toxic molecules and
substances in excess of requirement from the body
Nutrition Taking in substances needed for growth, respiration and
repair.

4. Why do we need to classify
living things?
› There are over 1.4 million different species
of discovered organisms on earth. We
classify them to make studying them
easier.
› Organisms are divided into five large
groups called kingdoms.

5. kingdoms
animals plants fungi protoctists Bacteria

6. Animals

7. Plants

8. Bacteria

9. Fungi
Yeast
Mucor

10. Protoctists
Amoeba
Euglena
Paramecium
Chlorella
Plasmodium

11. › We still find that in each group there may be
organisms that are very different such as ants and
giraffes in the animal kingdom.
› That is why each kingdom is divides into smaller groups
called phyla (singular: phylum).
› Each phylum is divided into several classes, then a
class is divide into orders, then family, then genus and
finally the smallest group is called species.
› Kingdom>phylum>class>order>family>genus>species.
› Try to remember them using this sentence:
› King Philip cut oranges for good students.

12. Animal kingdom
› Animals are either vertebrates (have a
back bone) or invertebrate (without a
back bone).
› Vertebrates are divided into five classes.

13. vertebrates
Fish Amphibians
Reptiles Birds
Mammals

14. Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Body covering
Limbs
Ears
Eggs
Other
features

15. Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals
Body
covering
Moist scales Moist,
smooth
skin
Dry and
rough scales
Feathers on
body, scales
on legs
Hair/ fur or
whiskers
Limbs Fins instead
of limbs
Young: fins
Adult: 4
limbs
4 limbs 4 Limbs
(2 wings, 2
legs)
4 limbs
Ears
lateral line
that feels
vibrations
Eardrum on
the surface
of the skin
A hole
leading to
the
eardrum
A hole
leading to
the
eardrum
An external
ear
Eggs
Lay eggs in
the water
covered
with jelly
Lay eggs in
the water
covered
with jelly
Lay eggs on
land with
rubbery
shells
Lay eggs on
land with
hard shells
Give birth
to their
young

18. Insects Arachnids Crustaceans Myriapods
Body segments
Number of legs
Antenna
Other features
Common features They all have: 1. Segmented bodies 2. Jointed legs 3. A hard exoskeleton

19. Insects Arachnids Crustaceans Myriapods
Body segments 3 body
segments
2 body
segments
2 body
segments
Many body
segments
Number of legs 3 pairs of legs 4 pairs of legs More than 4
pairs of legs
Many pairs of
legs
Antenna 1 pair none 2 pairs 1 pair
Other features Some have
wings
Some have
poisonous
glands
Some have a
very hard
exoskeleton
None
Common features They all have: 1. Segmented bodies 2. Jointed legs 3. A hard exoskeleton

21. Compound
eyes help
some
arthropods to
see in low
light
intensities and
can easily
spot
movement.

22. Molting in insects