Introduction to virtualization Software: -Introduction to Vsphere -ESXi - Types of Hyper-visor -VCenter Server -Vsphere client -Introduction to HYPER-V.

1. Principles of Virtualization
Introduction to Virtualization Software
Date:
Department of Computer Engineering
Jain Group of Institution, Bangalore
Presented By:
Rubal Sagwal
Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Engineering
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2. Contents
• Introduction to virtualization Software
• Introduction to Vsphere
• ESXi
• VCenter Server
• Vsphere client
• Introduction to HYPER-V.
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3. Virtualization
Software
Vmware – introduction
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4. Introduction - VMware
• VMware is a company that develops virtualization
software.
• It is the number one virtualization solution provider
in the industry.
• They are providing products for various
virtualization solutions.
• For example, Desktop virtualization, Network
virtualization, Datacenter virtualization etc.
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5. Contd…
Vmware – Introduction to vSphere
• vSphere – one of the product suites from VMware.
• It is used for Datacenter virtualization.
• vSphere is not a single product. It is a package like
Microsoft Office. Microsoft Office has many
components like MS word, MS power point, MS
Excel and so on. Similarly vSphere is also a product
suite which has many products and features like
ESXi, vCenter, vSphere Client.
• All these products and features together provide
Datacenter virtualization functionality.
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6. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• Three major components make up the vSphere.
They are:
1. ESXi
2. vSphere Client
3. vCenter Server
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7. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• ESXi server – Most important component of
VMware vSphere.
• It is the hypervisor – The hypervisor is the
component that allows multiple virtual machines
to run on the top of the single physical machine.
• Every operating system needs a processor, memory
and other hardware resources for its operations.
When multiple virtual machines are running on the
single physical machine (Single hardware resource)
the hypervisor will allocate those resources to the
virtual machine.
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8. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• Each virtual machine will interpret that it has the
physical machine’s processor, memory and other
hardware resources all to itself.
• However, the hypervisor controls – the physical
hardware resources and allocates what is needed
for each virtual machine.
• In short, hypervisor manages multiple operating
systems (multiple virtual machines) on a single
computer.
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9. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• Host – A physical machine on which hypervisor is
installed.
• Guest VM – The virtual machine that is running on
the host machine.
• Hypervisors are generally grouped into two classes:
1. Type1 Hypervisors and
2. Type 2 Hypervisors.
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10. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere - Type 1 hypervisor
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Physical Machine
Hypervisor
VM VM VM

11. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• The type1 hypervisor – installed directly on the
physical machine. Means, this hypervisor will act like
an operating system.
• It doesn’t need any other host operating system for its
operation. It is also called bare metal hypervisor
because it is directly installed on the server.
• The advantage of type 1 hypervisor is that the
hypervisor directly communicates with the underlying
physical hardware and then hardware resources are
allocated to multiple running machines.
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12. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• It is faster than the type2 hypervisor because it
directly interacts with the hardware.
• This type of hypervisor is preferred mostly for the
real-time production environment.
• Example of type1 hypervisors: VMware ESXi,
Microsoft Hyper V, Citrix XenServer.
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13. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere - Type 2 hypervisor
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Physical Machine
Hypervisor
VM VM VM
Operating System

14. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• Type 2 hypervisor - This type is also called as
Hosted hypervisor as it requires a running
operating system.
• This hypervisor is installed on the top of an
operating system like an application. It cannot be
directly installed on the physical machine.
• For example, VMware workstation is installed on
the Windows server OS.
• Examples of this type of hypervisors are VMware
Workstation, Oracle Virtualbox.
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15. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• The type2 hypervisor is generally used in a test
environment because it has a greater probability of
failure.
• For example, if the host OS reboots then all the
VM’s will also be rebooted. Its stability depends on
the host OS.
• ESXi is the type 1 hypervisor. All the virtual
machines are installed on the ESXi server.
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16. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• vSphere client and vCenter server are used to
connect to the ESXi server and allows us to create,
configure and manage virtual machines on the
ESXi server.
• vSphere Client can be installed on a client machine
(eg: Laptop) and from the client machine one can
access the ESXi server and do the management
tasks.
• Using vSphere Client, a user can manage only one
ESXi server at a time.
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17. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere
• vCenter server is installed on a server. It can be
installed on Windows server or Linux appliance
whichever is available.
• Using vCenter server a user can manage multiple
ESXi servers and virtual machines from different
ESXi server in a single console.
• The datacenters are provided centralized
management by vCenter Server.
• vCenter Server components are user access control,
core services, distributed services, plug-ins and
various interfaces.
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18. vSphere – ESXi
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19. Contd…
Vmware – Components vSphere - ESXi
• ESXi is – heart of the vSphere suite – It is also known as
VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor).
• Its main function is to abstract the hardware resources
and provide it to different virtual machines.
• In the ESXi host, the applications running on the virtual
machines uses hardware resources like CPU, memory
without direct access to the underlying hardware. The
ESXi hypervisor is called the VMkernel.
• The VMkernel gets the virtual machines resource
requirement from the virtual machine monitor (VMM)
and allocates the resource from physical hardware
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20. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – ESXi Features
• ESXi is very small in size. The size of the ESXi is just
144 Mb.
• ESXi provides more security using the following
features:
• Memory hardening – The ESXi kernel, other applications
and user components are stored in a random memory
address so that no one can predict it and damage it.
• Kernel module integrity –It uses digital signing to ensure
the authenticity and integrity of modules and drivers
loaded by Vmware.
• Trusted Platform Module (TPM) – It will ensure that the
boot process and drivers which are loaded are genuine.
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21. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – ESXi Features
• Hot-Pluggable PCIe SSD Devices – This feature allows the
administrator to hot-add / hot-remove SSD devices when a
vSphere host is running. So we don’t have to shut down the
host for adding any SSD devices. If we shut down the host,
all the virtual machines running on the host will be down. So
this feature reduces the down time.
• Reliable Memory Technology – VMkernel is the most
important component of vSphere ESXi Hypervisor. vSphere
ESXi runs directly in memory. So if there is any error in the
memory the entire host will become down.
• The Reliable Memory Technology will analyze the hardware
and decide which part of the memory is more reliable and
then an important component will be placed in that
location. As a result, ESXi hypervisor will not have any
memory error problem.
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22. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – ESXi Features
• CPU C-state – CPU C-state feature is used for power
saving. This feature minimizes the host CPU power
consumption during the idle state.
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23. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – Installing ESXi
• Before proceeding with the installation we will first
understand the system requirements for ESXi. System
Requirements for ESXi:
• Processor – 64bit Intel or AMD CPU
• Memory – 4GB (provide at least 8GB for better performance)
• Network – Minimum 1GB NIC (10GB is recommended)
• ESXi can be installed on a hard disk, USB device, or SD
card. It can also be installed on diskless hosts (directly
into memory) with a feature called Auto Deploy.
Following are the steps to install ESXi on USB.
• Download ESXi Installer and create a bootable USB.
• Insert the USB in your server and make USB as your first
boot device.
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24. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – Installing ESXi
• Step 1: Press Enter to continue to boot from the USB.
• Next, the ESXi installer is loaded.
• Step 2: Press Enter to start the installation
• Step 3: Press F11 to accept the EULA
• Step 4: Select the Drive, where you want to install ESXi and press Enter to continue. (Select your
local hard disk.)
• Step 5: Select the Keyboard Layout and press Enter to continue.
• Step 6: Next, you need to set the root (administrator) password.
• Step 7: Press F11 to start the installation.
• Now the VMware ESXi installation is started
• Step 8: Press Enter to reboot, once the installation is over.
• ESXi has been installed successfully.
• After installation, it can be accessed from DCUI, vSphere Client, SSH , ESXi Shell, vCLI.
• We will use DCUI to configure primary settings such as Management IP address. Most of the
time vSphere client is used to manage the ESXi host.
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25. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – Configuring ESXi
Using DCUI
• The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) allows you to
interact with the host locally using text-based menus.
You can use the DCUI to enable local and remote access
to the ESXi Shell.
• The server screen after you installed ESXi is called
Direct Console User Interface (DCUI). It is the interface
to access the ESXi and configure basic settings such as
configuring IP address of ESXi.
• Using this DCUI interface, we can configure only limited
options. You can see the options configured using ESXi
in the above diagram 5.1.14. We can configure the
actions using the arrow keys. DCUI will not support
mouse operations.
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26. Contd…
Vmware – Components Vsphere – Configuring ESXi
Using DCUI
• Configure Lockdown mode – It is a security option.
When it is enabled in lockdown mode, it will not grant
access to the ESXi directly using vSphere client or SSH
or ESxi Shell. If you want to make any changes to the
host, it can be accessed only through vCenter.
• Configuring Management Network – The host should
provide the IP address so that it can be accessed
through the vSphere client, SSH etc. If you have DHCP
server in your environment, it will automatically
allocate the IP address. If there is no DHCP then we
must manually configure the IP address using DCUI.
• Using DCUI we can configure basic network settings like
IP address Subnet mask, default route and DNS.
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27. vSphere – vSphere
Client
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28. Introduction
• The vSphere Client – provides all the tools needed to
effectively configure and manage the ESXi.
• The vsphere client allows – direct access to an ESX/ESXi
host.
• It is the primary interface for managing the entire
vSphere environment.
• Using vSphere client, we can also view the console of
the virtual machine.
• The vSphere Client runs on Windows operating
systems. We can install the vSphere client using
vSphere vCenter server installer. (
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29. Contd…
vSphere Client – Installing vSphere Client
i. Download the vSphere vCenter installer in the client machine
and execute the file.
ii. In the VMware vCenter Installer window, click vSphere Client.
iii. Click Install to start the installation wizard. If Security Warning
dialog boxes appear, click Run to continue.
iv. Choose Setup Language. Leave the default value English
(United States) and Click OK
You can see Welcome to the Installation Wizard for the
vSphere Client 5.0.
By clicking Next option you are setting the default value for
End User Patents. Accept the terms of the License
Agreement, and click Next for Customer Information.
Provide the user name and organization name.
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30. Contd…
vSphere Client – Installing vSphere Client
v. Click Next option in Destination Folder and Install
option in Ready to install the program so that the
installation is done.
vi. When the installation is complete, click Finish.
vii. Click Exit and close the wizard.
viii. Once it is installed, the vSphere Client icon will
be created on the client machine desktop.
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31. Contd…
vSphere Client – Managing ESXi using vSphere
Client
i. Double-click the vSphere Client icon on the desktop system.
ii. Enter the IP address of your ESXi host in the IP Address/Name field.
Provide username and password of the ESXi host and log in.
After you login, you can view the Host in the left pane.
The Configuration tab will show the software and hardware
configuration of the host. Using that you can view the host’s
configuration such as memory size. Using this we can also configure
the host’s license, enable NTP service in the host so that it will act
as an NTP server and provide time to all the VMs running on the
host, t configure DNS server.
In the configuration tab under the hardware configuration, you can
see the Processor information like CPU manufacturer, number CPU
cores etc. Similarly, we can view memory information also.
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32. vSphere – vCenter
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33. Introduction
• vCenter – is the management tool used to manage
the entire vSphere virtualization environment.
• Using vCenter we can manage multiple ESXi hosts,
virtual machines running on the hosts, datastores
that stores the virtual machine files and so on.
• vCenter Server can be installed in two methods:
1. Windows based vCenter server
2. vCenter Appliance
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34. Contd…
vCenter
1. Windows based vCenter server
• vCenter is installed as a service on the windows server.
This service manages the virtual machines and the ESXi
hosts.
• A single vCenter server can manage up to 1000 ESXi
hosts and 10000 powered on virtual machines.
• vCenter server can run on physical windows server
machine or virtual windows server machine.
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35. Contd…
vCenter
2. vCenter Server Appliance
• The vCenter Server Linux Virtual Appliance (vCSA) is
available as an ovf template.
• It is a Linux based machine with vcenter service already
enabled.
• In other words, it is a virtual machine with SUSE Linux
OS installed and all the service and features of vCenter
are installed in the machine.
• If we want to use this appliance, we can just download it
and run as a virtual machine on any ESXi host. It will act
as a vCenter server.
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36. Contd…
vCenter
vCenter Server Virtual Appliance features
• Installed on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 x64.
• It has an embedded DB2 database that can be used in
environments with less than 100 ESXi hosts and 3000 virtual
machines. The administrator need not configure separate
database server.
• If the environment has more than 100 ESXi hosts, then the
administrator can configure external Oracle database.
Resources required on Host for Appliance
• Disk Space 7 – 82 GB
• Memory 4 - 24 GB
• CPU – 2 virtual CPUs
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37. Contd…
vCenter
vCenter Server Virtual Appliance benefits
1. It is very easy to install. We can quickly create the
vCenter server because if we are installing in Windows
based vCenter then Windows server OS, vCenter service,
and SQL Express database have to be installed. All the
vCenter server information will be stored in the database
and appliance is run as a virtual machine
2. It has an inbuilt DB2 database, so administrator need
not configure separate database.
3. We don’t need a Windows server, so windows server
license is not required.
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38. Contd…
vCenter - Components of vCenter server
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39. Contd…
vCenter - Components of vCenter server
• vCenter Single Sign-On
VMware vCenter Single Sign-On is a major component of
the vCenter Server environment because it provides the
authentication services to the vSphere components.
vCenter single sign-on authenticates the users logging to
the vSphere components such as a vSphere client.
• vSphere Web Client
The vSphere Web Client is an interface to the vCenter like
a vSphere client. It connects directly to vCenter from the
browser. So dependency on the vSphere client is
eliminated.
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40. Contd…
vCenter - Components of vCenter server
• vCenter Inventory Service
When we do any operation in the vCenter, the server will
refer the database. But most of the vCenter operations
are read-only operation, write operations are very
limited. So instead of accessing the database server every
time, we can use the inventory service. Inventory service
is like a cache. It stores the frequently used information
so the vCenter will refer this cache. It improves the
performance of the vCenter.
• vCenter Server database
It is the most critical component. The database stores all
the information required for the vCenter, for example,
the hosts managed by vCenter.
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41. Contd…
vCenter - vCenter Deployment Processes
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• When we are deploying vCenter, we have to install the
components of vCenter.
• We can install the vCenter using the vSphere vCenter
deployment wizard. There are two options available for
this installation.
1. Simple Install
2. Custom Install
1. Simple Install – The simple install option installs the
four components of vCenter in a single machine. It
installs all the four components in a single process. It
installs these components with default options such
as the location of the folder.

42. Contd…
vCenter - vCenter Deployment Processes
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2. Custom Install – In this method, we have to install
each component separately. We can also install each
component on a different machine, but we have to install
the component in the following order.
1. vCenter Single Sign-On
2. vSphere Web Client
3. vCenter Inventory Service
4. vCenter Server
In the following situations, custom install methods are
used:
1. To install each vCenter component in the different
machine.
2. To change the storage location of a component.
3. To install multiple vCenter servers.z

43. Hyper V
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44. Introduction
• Hyper-V is – just a product from Microsoft that is
based upon the generic term "HyperVisor“ (Microsoft's
hardware virtualization product).
• It lets you create and run a software version of a
computer, called a virtual machine.
• Each virtual machine acts like a complete computer,
running an operating system and programs. When you
need computing resources, virtual machines give you
more flexibility, help save time and money, and are a
more efficient way to use hardware than just running
one operating system on physical hardware.
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45. Contd…
Hyper – v
• Hyper-V runs each virtual machine in its own
isolated space, which means you can run more
than one virtual machine on the same hardware
at the same time.
• It avoids problems such as a crash affecting the
other workloads, or to give different people, groups
or services access to different systems.
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46. Contd…
Hyper-v Role
• The Hyper-V role in Windows Server lets you create
a virtualized computing environment where you
can create and manage virtual machines.
• You can run multiple operating systems on one
physical computer and isolate the operating
systems from each other.
• With this technology, you can improve the
efficiency of your computing resources and free up
your hardware resources.
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47. Contd…
Hyper-V – Helps us in following ways
• Establish or expand a private cloud environment –
Provide more flexible, on-demand IT services by
moving to or expanding your use of shared resources
and adjust utilization as demand changes.
• Use your hardware more effectively – Consolidate
servers and workloads onto fewer, more powerful
physical computers to use less power and physical
space.
• Improve business continuity – Minimize the impact of
both scheduled and unscheduled downtime of your
workloads.
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48. Contd…
Hyper-V – Helps us in following ways
• Establish or expand a virtual desktop infrastructure
(VDI) – Use a centralized desktop strategy with VDI can
help you increase business agility and data security, as
well as simplify regulatory compliance and manage
desktop operating systems and applications. Deploy
Hyper-V and Remote Desktop Virtualization Host (RD
Virtualization Host) on the same server to make
personal virtual desktops or virtual desktop pools
available to your users.
• Make development and test more efficient –
Reproduce different computing environments without
having to buy or maintain all the hardware you'd need
if you only used physical systems.
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49. Contd…
Hyper-V – Features
• Computing environment – A Hyper-V virtual machine
includes the same basic parts as a physical computer, such
as memory, processor, storage, and networking. All these
parts have features and options that you can configure
different ways to meet different needs. Storage and
networking can each be considered categories of their own,
because of the many ways you can configure them.
• Disaster recovery and backup – For disaster recovery,
Hyper-V Replica creates copies of virtual machines,
intended to be stored in another physical location, so you
can restore the virtual machine from the copy. For backup,
Hyper-V offers two types. One uses saved states and the
other uses Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) so you can
make application-consistent backups for programs that
support VSS.
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50. Contd…
Hyper-V – Features
• Optimization – Each supported guest operating system has
a customized set of services and drivers, called integration
services, that make it easier to use the operating system in a
Hyper-V virtual machine.
• Portability – Features such as live migration, storage
migration, and import/export make it easier to move or
distribute a virtual machine.
• Remote connectivity – Hyper-V includes Virtual Machine
Connection, a remote connection tool for use with both
Windows and Linux. Unlike Remote Desktop, this tool gives
you console access, so you can see what's happening in the
guest even when the operating system isn't booted yet.
• Security – Secure boot and shielded virtual machines help
protect against malware and other unauthorized access to a
virtual machine and its data.
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51. Thank You!
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