ur friend says to you --spontaneous processes increase the entropy of.docx

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ur friend says to you \"spontaneous processes increase the entropy of the universe. If a reaction is exothermic, that means heat flows out of it into the universe, which increases entropy. So all exothermic reactions are spontaneous.\" Explain the error in his statement. Yo Solution The error is in using temr Universe Universe = system + surroundings In exothermic reactions heat flows from system to surroundings ( not Universe ) Hence enetropy of surroundings increases but that doesnot mean entropy of universe always increases since entropy of universe = entropy of system + entropy of surroundings .

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ty ty +x +X Solution Let, mass of each rod , m = M length of each rod , L = 7.5 m Case(a): ( with all four rods ) Total mass, m1 = 4 M X-coordinate of center of mass , X1 =0 Y-coordinate of center of mass , Y1 =0 Case (b) : ( for the removed rod ) mass, m2 = M X-coordinate of center of mass , X2 =L / 2 = 7.5 /2 = 3.75 m Y-coordinate of center of mass , Y2 =0 Center of mass of the remaining part: X-coordinate of center of mass , Xcm = (m1 X1 - m2 X2 ) / ( m1- m2 )= ( 4 M * 0 - M * 4.0 ) / ( 4 M - M ) = -1.33 m Y-coordinate of center of mass , Ycm = (m1 Y1 - m2 Y2 ) / ( m1- m2 )= ( 4 M * 0 - M * 0 ) / ( 4 M - M ) = 0 m .

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