Under what conditions are quantitative tools useful in analyzing data? Qualitative tools? Solution Quantitative methods place greatest reliance on representing developments numerically. Numerical data, of many types, are useful in thinking about longer-term developments, and to a certain extent they can be useful ways of presenting Foresight results, too. As in in econometrics, quantitative methods implicitly or explicitly use simple models of some sort. For example, time series extrapolations of trends imply a model in that use time as the \"independent variable\" .