Urban Development and Livelihood Opportunities for Youth : Indonesia 2012

Urban Development and
Livelihood Opportunities for Youth
Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia
in The 4th APMCHUD
Working Group 2 : Slum Upgrading
Indonesia

Outline of Presentation
1. The Issue: Demography
2. The Issue: Youth and urban Development
3. The Strategies
4. On Going Initiatives Under Youth Leadership
Show Case Youth Participation in Surabaya Slum Upgrading Programme
Creative and Young Communities In Emerging Bandung Creative City
Greenmap Community
Jember Fashion Carnaval
Community Self-reliance Agency
5. Future Directions
2
Urban Development and Livelihood Oppurtunities for Youth in Indonesia
Regional Meeting for Slum Upgrading Working Group, The 4th APMCHUD

Demography
1971 1980 1990 2000 2010 2011
Population
(in thousands)
119.208 147.490 179.378 206.264 237.556 259.940
Human
Development
Index
0.378 0.471 0.480 0.543 0.613 0.617
Life
expectancy (%)
48.25 54.44 61.56 65.7 68.9 69.4
Literacy rate (%) 57.65 67.31 81.52 87.85 92.91 92.2
Urban Population
(%)
22.30 30.90 42.00 49.79
Source: Population Census 2010, Statistics of Indonesia.
Indonesia Report : Slum Upgrading Policies and Programs
Regional Meeting for Slum Upgrading Working Group, APMCHUD3

Urban
Population
(%);
49,79
Rural
Population
(%);
50,21
Now, 118 million
people live in urban
40% of the total
population in 2000
resided in urban area. It
increased to 43% in 2005
(105.87 million).
Urban growth rate
was 3.70% in 2005
and 4.20% in 2010
2010, 119 million
people live in rural
Estimation of rural-
urban migration in
2010 is 7,98%
72,600 villages are
still relatively poor
Urbanization

‫شهری‬‫جمعیت‬
(‫درصد‬)‫؛‬49،79
‫جمعیت‬
‫ی‬‫روستای‬
(‫درصد‬)‫؛‬
50،21
‫حاضر‬‫حال‬ ‫در‬118‫شهری‬ ‫مناطق‬‫در‬‫نفر‬ ‫میلیون‬
‫کنند‬‫می‬ ‫ندگی‬‫ز‬
40‫سال‬ ‫در‬‫جمعیت‬ ‫کل‬‫از‬ ٪2000‫مناطق‬ ‫در‬ ‫ساکن‬
‫بودند‬ ‫شهری‬.‫سال‬ ‫در‬‫که‬2005‫به‬43٪
(105،870،000)‫است‬‫یافته‬ ‫ایش‬‫ز‬‫اف‬.
‫شهری‬‫رشد‬‫نرخ‬3.70‫سال‬ ‫در‬ ٪2005‫و‬4.20
‫سال‬ ‫در‬‫درصد‬2010‫است‬ ‫بوده‬.
‫سال‬2010
119‫ی‬‫روستای‬ ‫مناطق‬‫در‬‫نفر‬ ‫میلیون‬ .‫کنند‬‫می‬ ‫ندگی‬‫ز‬
‫سال‬ ‫در‬2010‫شهر‬ ‫به‬‫روستا‬ ‫از‬‫مهاجرت‬ ‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ب‬
7،98‫است‬‫درصد‬.
72،600‫هستند‬‫فقیر‬ ‫هنوز‬ ‫روستاها‬‫از‬.
Urbanization

Urban
Population
(%);
49,79
Rural
Population
(%);
50,21
Now, 118 million
people live in urban
40% of the total
population in 2000
resided in urban area. It
increased to 43% in 2005
(105.87 million).
Urban growth rate
was 3.70% in 2005
and 4.20% in 2010
2010, 119 million
Estimation of rural-
urban migration in
2010 is 7,98%
72,600 villages are
still relatively poor
Urbanization

In 2011, GDP of Indonesia (constant) is approximately $256 B
it grows approximately 6,4% per year
0.0
500,000.0
1,000,000.0
1,500,000.0
2,000,000.0
2,500,000.0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2009
2010
2011
GDP of Indonesia
(constant)
Economic Development

0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
 16,6% population (37.16
million) lives below poverty line
(BPS 2007) and decreasing to
11,96% by the year 2012
(29.13 million).
 In 2012, 8.78% or 10.64
million of poor people live in
urban
 Recently, 18.48 million of poor
% Poor People
Source: National Socio-Economic Survey, Statistics of Indonesia.
Poverty
Rural
Urban

Characteristics of Slums
Slums/ squatters
along Riverbank and
banks of Raiway

Based on physical condition:
• Distressed neighborhoods: low housing quality with high occupancy (> 1
household in a house), high density building in an unhealthy environment,
lack of infrastructure, lack of access to public services.
• Lack of secure tenure
• Illegal settlements: occupying public space or other private land
Characteristics of Slums/Squatters

• Most are working in informal sector economy:
• Street vendors
• Scavengers
• Maid
• Labor
• Home-based enterprises: illegal garage, food kiosk, tailors, etc.
• Many are temporary migrants (from villages nearby city)
• Many are un-employed, working in unsafe environment or
illegal jobs (sex slave, beggars, drug traffickers, drug users/
sellers)
Characteristics of Slum/Squatter Dwellers

 Rapid growth of population in the urban
areas: 4 % /year  increasing poor people
living in slums/ squatters in most of urban
areas
 Increasing the need of decent and affordable
housing and basic urban infrastructures
 Limited land use in urban area for settlement
and other public services
 Social culture become fade out and
increasing social problems in the urban area
Slums : The Challanges

The Issues
Demography
1
3
Indonesia’s populatin is 240 million
(Bureau of Statistics of Indonesia, 2012), which
placed it to the 4th largest population in
the world.
In 2010-2035, the structure of
dependency ratio is decreasing, and the
poductive age is increase significantly. It
is a chance of a Demographic Bonus.
This phenomenon is related to the
window of opportunity for increasing
welfare and improving economic growth
Period on which
dependency ratio < 1

There are still big portion of
population in the urban area
living with infortune condition
They are our future
generation who need a
lively environment for
exploring their creativity
and immerging their city
for their better future life
1
4
The Issues
Youth and Urban Development in Indonesia

1
5
The Issues
Youth and Urban Development in Indonesia
Young generation have the right to
- access health, education and other
public services
- Create their own imagination of their
future neighborhood
- Influence development plan which will
affecting their life
- Have a voice in their communities
- Have comfortable living environment
Digital world is upon us
Young generation will have the
world in their hand.

Urban Development
strenghtening opportunities of youth engagement
Goals :
Sustainable Livings
Cities without slums and
poverty eradication
Milestones :
Strenghtening the capacity
of young generation
Support & focusing their
creativity
Adopt creative design on
implementing sustainable
development
Benefit for the next
generation
1
6

SLUMS UPGRADING:
1. Infrastructure development - macro scale
2. Neighborhood Upgrading :
• Housing Upgrading
• Vertical Housing
3. New site Development
4. Revitalization
The poor create urban slums area
NEIGHBORHOOD UPGRADING:
1. Infrastructure development - micro scale
2. Housing upgrading
The poor living in the
settlement areas
Decend Shelter (stop off shelter) for
Homeless (if needed)
Homeless/Nomadic
1. Access to basic needs :
• Food (for poor)
• Health security
• Scholarship and
Informal education
• Job Training
• etc
2. Enhance the quality of
family lifes (Program of
Family Hope)
3. Local institutional
development (BKM)
4. Urban – rural back
home/transmigration
5. etc
1. Access to sources of
funding :
• Small bussiness loans
(KUR)
2. Channelling to high
profile companies
3. Bussiness
management training
4. Enhancing the
communites business
capability become
bankable
The Concept of Slum/Squatter upgrading parallel to Social and
Economic Development for The Poor
Physical and Environmental Social Economic

Learn to
improve
perspectives,
attitudes and
behaviours
Maintaining
community
values
Learn to co-
ordinate in
community
Developing
local
community
institutional
Learn to
making a
community
plan
Making a plan/
PJM
Pronangkis
Implementation
Utilizing
BLM
Learn to make
partnership
with Local Gov
Projects
partnership
Learn to
access other
resources
Channeling/
Replication
Learn to
manage
development
Neighborhood
Development
PROGRAMOBJECTIVES
EMPOWERMENT CHANELLING IMPROVING
The Concept of Community Development

B. Urban Poverty Program (UPP)
• To realize a society living in harmony in a safe, orderly, healthy, productive and
sustainable environment
• To achieve sustainable development can be reached from :
(1) Orientation on Behavior Change (attitude),
(2) Orientation on Management by the Communities Themselves (self
community management), and
(3) Orientation on Innovation and Creativity of the Community
(entrepreneurship).

The Strategies
Sustainable
Living
Youth
Empowerment
20
Coordination and integrated
participation of stakeholders of the
city played the rule of achieving
sustainable urban development
Young generation, as a part of
stakeholders) and their creative
communities has a critical aspect
urban development as what they
dreaming of.
The government accommodate
and promote their design. Let
them involve on emerging
leavable city.
Youth
Demand-
Responsiveness
Youth
Capacity
Enhancement

On Going Initiatives Under Youth Leadership
Indonesia has some Best practises of youth enggagement on realizing Sustainable
Urban Development in some cities:
 Slums upgrading in Surabaya
 Bdg. Emerging Creative City in Bandung
 Yogyakarta green map
 Jember Fashion Carnival
21

Youth Participation
in Slums upgrading Project
SURABAYA
Surabaya is the 2nd bigest city of Indonesia. The most prominent program of the city is
realizing livable city for its population and engaging youth as much as possible . The
programme is conducted by Local government, mostly financed by private sector,
supported by the communities.
o Education, capacity building, health, public services, shelter, open spaces (parks,
gardens, and play ground)
o Slum upgrading along with capacity building of youth
o Afordable access to have education, health and other public services
o Opportunity to deliver youth idea and creativity into urban development
o Improve the youth ability to micro economic
o Improve benefit for youth
o Improve youth capacity on maintaining developed infrastructure/ facilities
for improving the lives of slum dwellers in 2nd biggest city of Indonesia. Since 2009 when
it has been conducted, the image of Surabaya changes better.

SOCIAL
ECONOMIC
INFRASTRUCTURE
& ENVIRONMENT
Improve the community
awareness of better
living environment
(decent shelter, basic
urban services, open
public spaces, road
access, energy, etc)
‘Green & Clean
kampung’ competition
• Training for micro
enterprises and
chanelling to credit
facilities for business
development
• Creating “kampung
usaha” (enterprice
community)
• Urban Farming
• Etc.
Youth Participation
In Slums upgrading
The Concept
23
Capacity building: training
them for their awareness for
urban social- culture

Environment Development
Green Public Spaces
Green Public Spaces
In Surabaya
Surabaya in Figures, 2011
Youth Participation
In Slums upgrading
24
2010 2011 2012
Green Public
Spaces Area
(Ha)
6670,41 6671,21 6878,09
Area of City
(Ha)
33048 33048 33048
Percentage
(%) 20,18 20,19 20,21
The local government of Surabaya city
pays lot attention on providing green
open spaces in deferent themes for the
community among massive & busy
buildings.
Reading park, elderly park, skate park,
relaxing garden, etc. Internet facility (hot
spot) are provided. Mostly have
playground for young children.

28
Upgrading of Slums and Livelihood Oppurtunities for Youth in Indonesia
This programme is an
economic approach to
improve dwellers’welfare .
Public Enterprises
Youth Participation
In Slums upgrading
Environment Development
The economic generation in
the area influenced
awareness and sense of
ownership in the community
as well as raised their
motivation to build and
maintain the area as their
primary capital production.
Each Kampong named as its
economic activity

GUBENG
Dressmaker Settlement (kampung jahit)
29

BENOWO
Handycrafts Settlement (kampung kerajinan tangan)
30

RUNGKUT
Batik Settlement (kampung batik)
31

NGAGEL
Traditional Snack Settlement (kampung panganan khas Surabaya)
32

Marketing of the products via online and at the department store
33

34
Upgrading of Slums and Livelihood Oppurtunities for Youth in Indonesia
Broadband
Learning Centre
BLC in public spaces BLC in public housing
Government provides IT
facilities for public to
learn how to reach global
knowledge, using internet
networks. Most of the
users are young
generation.
Located in strategic
places such as park/
garden, community hall,
public housing, etc.
Youth Participation
In Slums upgrading

Broadband Learning Centre
35

Bandung Creative City Forum
BANDUNG
A forum initiated by young creative communities
in 2008. The objectives is to realize Bandung as a
creative city by 3 approaches:
1. urban infrastructure development,
2. creative activities projects, and
3. economic activities projects.

37
Creative
Activity
Creative
Economic
Urban
Infrastructure
Education
Preservation
Entertainment
Local
Products
Campaign
Urban
Settlement
Acupuncture Sources: www.bccf-bdg.org

38
Creative Activity
Urban Forest Preservation
At Lebak Siliwangi

39
Creative Activity
Modern and Traditional
Music Perform
At Lebak Siliwangi.

Creative Activity
Sahabat Kota (City Pals), one
of many creative communities
in BCCF, is a community that
contributes to alternative
education for kids.
Sahabat Kota (city Pals)
generates the capacity of kids
to be able to make simple
changes in their
neighborhood.
40

Creative Activity
City Pals
Concept: Come out and Play
open spaces are ideal places for the young
community, especially for children, to meet
each other, play, emerging their creativity and
imagining their future cities
Method:
design thinking, storytelling & ESD (education
for sustainable development)
Goals:
Inspiring creative communities and deliver their
concern to the need of public spaces and
engagement on reimagining their city
Activities:
Kids venture club (city exploration), School
Visit, Imagining Neighborhood, greenmap, self
defense, etc.
41

42

43
Economic Creative
KickFest and HelarFest:
Local Products Campaign

44
Urban Infrastructure
In cooperation among
stakeholders, the community
provide public bikes for free.

45
Urban Infrastructure
Open spaces for
communities of young
generation in the middle of
slum settlement, just
behind high rise building

Greenmap Community
Green Map Community is a network community of
greenmap makers that was founded in 2001. This
community enhances green life behaviours and
policies to create sustainable living.

Greenmap is a map made by local
communities to map natural and cultural
potential of the region as a visual
language.
Greenmap maps all places and
phenomena, whether that is positive or
negative, and aims to help people see,
evaluate, connect and care for the
environment in wherever they live.
47

JEMBER
A small city become a global well known city.
Initiated by a creative and talented young guy who
has been lived infortune and grown up as a
creative designer and persuade young generation
through the city, to held creative fashion carnival
which bring the city to the world  creative
communitiescreative economic  generate
tourism emerging urban development through
creative communities
It is become glamour fashion in the street run way
as long as 3,6 km. Since then, the city is known
globally and the creative economic of the city is
rising.

Jember:
Creative
City
Education
Entertainment
Exhibition
Economic
Benefit
JFC was initiated to create Jember
as the first city of fashion in
Indonesia and known globally
There are 4 E’s that is generated
by JFC : Education, Entertainment,
Exhibition, and Economic Benefit
49
It has been replicated by other
cities with regard to the local
potential and wisdom, such as
Solo Batik festival, Kutai
carnaval, Banyuwangi carnival,
and Indoor JFC – jakarta, etc)

50

51

Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat
This agency is initiated to support National
Urban Poverty Program. It is a representative of
local communities to improve their
neighborhood by economic, social, and physical
development.

53
This picture is activity
cyclic of community self-
reliance agency
PLANNING
PARTNERSHIP
IMPLEMENTATION
EVALUATION
LOCAL
POVERTY
ALEVIATION
PLANNING
pronangkis
MAINTAINANCE
PUBLIC
ANNOUNCEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
STIMULANTS
Sources: pnpm-perkotaan.org

Community
Action Plan
Local Mapping
Project Map
54

55
Local infrastructure
Economic Benefit
Training

• Slum Upgrading is not only structure and infrastructure development, but also social
– culture development
• Development processes should involve young generation, as well as other
stakeholders.
• Digital generation needs to be accommodate to deliver their positive & creative
thinking, globally and multi culture
• Strategies that will ensure a sustained livable city, are:
- Improving the quality of early education for all of its society
- Educate people to care of their city and be urban watchdog
- Integrated development, friendly to children
- Provide more public spaces and public facilities for creative thinking and
productive activities
- Accommodate ‘digital generation’ to deliver their inspiration, idea as well as to
facilitate information disclosure and public opinion.
Future Directions
56

THANK YOU
Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia
in The 4th APMCHUD
Working Group 5 : Slum Upgrading

Urban Development and Livelihood Opportunities for Youth : Indonesia 2012

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Urban Development and Livelihood Opportunities for Youth : Indonesia 2012