1. Understanding Design
through Biology
(Beyond Biomimicry)
Dr. Ricardo Sosa ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

2. Morphology
Evolution Physiology
Life
Development Ethology
Ecology

3. Structure
(phenotype)
Features
(genetics),
Creativity Function:
(mutation), needs,
Imitation,
Industry desires
(phylogeny)
Design
Ontogeny
(product
lifecycle) Performance,
Experience affordances,
(adaptation, meaning
genomics/prote
Market
omics)
dynamics, Co
mpetitors
(fitness, epige
Dr. Ricardo Sosa netics) ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

4. Design
Dr. Ricardo Sosa ricardo_sosa@sutd.edu.sg

5. Gero, J S ‘Design prototypes: a knowledge representation schema for design’ AI Magazine
Vol 11 No 4 (1990) 26–36

6. http://typhoon.arch.gatech.edu/old/Coa6763/Readings/gero04.pdf

9. http://www.ideo.com/work/ite
m/human-centered-design-
toolkit/