Presentasi ini merupakan materi dari perkuliahan umum mengenai peran PBB dan UNODC di dunia dan Indonesia.
Presentasi dibawakan oleh Bapak Paku Utama, Konsultan UNODC di Auditorium Budi Luhur
1. United Nations
and
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Menara Thamrin Building 10 th
Floor
Tel: +62 21 314 1308
http://www.un.or.id/
TIPIKOR Building Ground Floor,
Tel: +62 21 52920731
http://www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpacific/en/indonesia/index.html
2. Brief History of United Nations
• The United Nations was born out of the ashes of World War II. Representatives of
51 countries met in San Francisco from April to June 1945 to write the UN Charter.
Their hope was to create an organization in which countries would share the
common goal of working together to prevent wars and to make the world a better,
safer place for future generations. The name "United Nations" was coined by US
President Franklin D Roosevelt in 1941, while the Second World War was going on.
• The United Nations has grown to an organization consisting of 192 Member states
today (the last country to join was Montenegro in 2006). All countries -- large and
small, rich and poor, with differing political views and social system -- have a voice
and a vote at the UN.
• The UN is not a “world government”. It provides the means to help individual
governments resolve conflicts and develop policies on matters which affect us all.
• There are six official languages used at the UN: Arabic, Chinese, English, French,
Russian and Spanish.
3. The Programme of the United Nations
• The Programme of the UN is structured under 6 main branches, known as organs:
– The General Assembly, where all 192 countries have an equal vote. There, the
representatives of Member States discuss and make recommendations on many issues,
including military conflicts and the arms race, sustainable development, human rights, budget
decisions, and ways to improve the state of children, youth, women and others;
– The Security Council, which is composed of 15 countries, 5 which are permanent (China,
France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 10 which rotate. The Security
Council deals with matters relating to peace and security;
– The Economic and Social Council, which deals with issues relating to economic and social
development and respect for human rights
– The Trusteeship Council, which deals with decolonization issues but which is mostly inactive
now (the Council suspended its work in 1994 when Palau became independent)
– The International Court of Justice, which is responsible for handing down legal judgements on
cases between member countries. Issues that have been brought before the Court include
territorial boundaries, diplomatic relations, and hostage-taking
– The Secretariat, which is led by the Secretary-General and which is composed of the staff of
the United Nations.
4. The Secretary General
• The Secretary-General is the highest ranking UN official.‑
Mr. Ban Ki-Moon, who is from the Republic of Korea, is the
current UN Secretary-General. His five year term started‑
on January 1, 2007. He is the eighth Secretary-General of
the United Nations.
• The main functions of the Secretary-General are:
– to be the UN’s Chief Administrative Officer;
– to use his “good offices” to promote peaceful settlements of
disputes.
– under Article 99 of the UN Charter, to bring issues which, in his
opinion, may threaten international peace and security, to the
attention of the Security Council.
5. UN Seven Priorities for 2010
• Mobilize to achieve the MDGs
• Negotiate a binding agreement on climate
change
• Empower women
• Progress toward a nuclear-free world
• Prevent and resolve deadly conflicts
• Advance human rights and the rule of law
6. Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) in a Nutshell
• In September 2000, building upon a decade of
major United Nations conferences and summits,
world leaders came together at UN Headquarters
to adopt the
United Nations Millennium Declaration. The
world leaders committed to a new global
partnership to reduce extreme poverty in their
nations and around the world. The leaders
agreed to a series of targets that have become
known as the Millennium Development Goals, or
the “MDGs” for short.
7. The UN in Indonesia
• UN commits itself to the goal of increasing aid
effectiveness (in line with the Paris
Declaration and the Jakarta Commitments),
through increased coordination linking more
integrated UN-system support to national
priorities in five key areas: social services,
sustainable livelihoods, governance, climate
change and environment, and resilience
(disaster risk reduction).
8. At a More Detailed Levels, We Have
Identified Five Outcomes
• The poor and vulnerable benefit from quality social services and
protection
• The living conditions of vulnerable groups improved through access
to decent work and productive sustainable livelihood
opportunities
• The poor, marginalized and vulnerable participate effectively in
the democratic process for equitable access to resource and
opportunities
• Increased national resilience to disasters, crisis, and external shocks
• Climate change mitigation and adaptation protect the poor and
vulnerable, and promote their rights
9. The Partnership Framework between
the UN and the Government of
Indonesia related to MDGs
• The new Partnership for Development Framework recognizes Indonesia’s status as
a middle income country with national ownership and leadership of its
development programme, working in partnership with the UN system and
international organizations.
• The framework therefore aligns itself strategically with key national development
priorities for the period 2011-2015 -- with the common objective of making
progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs).
• This partnership represents a shift for UN agencies, funds and programmes in
Indonesia: away from a development assistance model of service delivery and
toward a strategic partnership with the Government to decrease regional
disparities and inform pro-poor and pro-MDG policies with measurable results for
the people.
• With this strategy, the UN commits itself to the goal of increasing aid
effectiveness (in line with the Paris Declaration and the Jakarta Commitments),
through increased coordination linking more integrated UN-system support to
national priorities in five key areas: social services, sustainable livelihoods,
governance, climate change and environment, and resilience (disaster risk
reduction)
10. UNODC
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC)
was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and
Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations
International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime
Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the UN Office
located at Vienna. It was renamed the United Nations Office
on Drugs and Crime in 2002
11. The Structure
UNODC, employing about 500 staff members worldwide, is headquartered
in Vienna, with 21 field offices and two liaison offices in Brussels and
New York City. The agency is led by an Executive Director appointed by
the UN Sec. General, Ban Ki-Moon. Presently, the Executive Director is
filled by Yuri Fedotov, the Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom,
succeeded Antonio Maria.
The long-term aims of the office are to better equip governments to handle
drug, crime, terrorism, and corruption-related issues, maximise knowledge
on these issues among governmental institution and agencies, and also to
maximise awareness of said matters in public opinion, globally, nationally
and at community level. Approximately 90% of the Office's funding comes
from voluntary contributions, mainly from governments.
12. The Goal
UNODC was established to assist the UN in better addressing a
coordinated, comprehensive response to the interrelated issues of illicit
trafficking in and abuse of drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice,
international terrorism, and corruption. These goals are pursued through
three primary functions: research, guidance and support to governments
in the adoption and implementation of various crime-, drug-, terrorism-,
and corruption-related conventions, treaties and protocols, as well as
technical/financial assistance to said governments to face their respective
situations and challenges in these fields.
13. Treaties
UNODC has 4 major of Treaties: Crime-related treaties, Drug-related treaties, terrorism-related treaties,
and Special events
Crime-related treaties
• United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols Thereto
• United Nations Convention against Corruption
Drug-related treaties
• Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 as amended by the 1972 Protocol
• Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971
• United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988
The three major international drug control treaties are mutually supportive and complementary. An
important purpose of the first two treaties is to codify internationally applicable control measures in order
to ensure the availability of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances for medical and scientific purposes,
and to prevent their diversion into illicit channels. They also include general provisions on trafficking and
drug abuse.
Terrorism-related treaties
• International conventions and protocols
Special events
• Special treaty event on 20 April 2009
• On 20 April 2009 the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the United Nations Office of Legal
Affairs jointly organized a special treaty event for the promotion of universal counter-terrorism and crimes
conventions and the Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel.
14. Go Case, Intelligence software system
• Go case is a software package developed by UNODC that is designed to
assist regional or domestic clusters of intelligence and law enforcement
agencies to gather, analyze and share information and intelligence,
agency to agency, or though a centralised hub. The system provides a
secure and collaborative environment for sharing information and
intelligence within established national legal frameworks, or within
multilateral / regional / international agreements.
• goATR (Asset Tracing Recovery) is the latest addition to the ''go'' family
of IT products. All these products can be deployed as ''stand alone''
systems. However, when used in combination, they can receive raw data
from any source and in any form, manage and analyze data, produce
intelligence packages, manage all aspects of the investigation and
prosecution process and, with the addition of goATR, identify, track,
manage assets derived from criminal activity and manage whatever
forfeiture or recovery procedure is applied to the assets be it civil or
confiscation based.
15.
16. goCASE implements multiple security layers to eliminate
unauthorized access to the application and to enforce data
integrity. Assignment of different roles in the case
investigation processes to different groups ensures
efficiency in investigation processes. Access to goCASE is
based on individual and group privileges permitting only
authorized users to access different levels of information.
goCASE maintains comprehensive audit trails to track all
activities in the Workflow History Log for each case using
timestamps and user IDs, logging the names of individuals
who have changed any information on the case and the
time the changes were made.
17. UNODC Kantor Program Indonesia
Memperkuat Integritas
dan Kapasitas Lembaga
Peradilan di Indonesia,
Tahap II
(2008-2010)
Dukungan untuk Meningkatkan
Kea-manan Melalui Peningkatan
Kapasitas Aparat Penegak Hukum
– JCLEC
(Persetujuan Bappenas 19 Nopember
2009)
Memperkuat
Kapasitas Lembaga
Anti Korupsi di
Indonesia
(2010-2012)
Donor: Jerman
Lama proyek: 2 tahun
Jumlah Dana: $
1,505,840
Donor: Norwegia
Lama proyek: 3 tahun
Jumlah Dana: $
2,180,000
Donor: Komisi Eropa
Lama Proyek: 36 bulan
Jumlah dana: $ 6,700,000
Kegiatan 1: Pelatihan Manajemen
penanganan Kejahatan
Transnasional
Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan,
Mahkamah Agung, PPATK, KPK
Kegiatan 2: Perekrutan lokal
trainer dan pengembangan trainer
professional
Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan,
Mahkamah Agung, PPATK, KPK
Kegiatan 3: Pengembangan
rencana pelatihan dan pendidikan
jangka panjang bagi JCLEC
Mitra: POLRI
Kegiatan 4: Pengembangan
jaringan akademis antara JCLEC
dan lembaga lain
Mitra: POLRI
Mitra: Mahkamah
Agung, Komisi Yudisial,
Kejaksaan,
Mitra: Kejaksaan
Agung, Mahkamah
Agung, POLRI, KPK,
PPATK
Memperkuat Program
Kepastian Hukum dan
Keamanan di Indonesia:
Dukungan Pemberantasan
Korupsi
(2009-2012)
Donor: Komisi Eropa
Lama Proyek: 34 bulan
Jumlah dana: $ 3,627,555
Kegiatan 1: Penguatan fungsi
Supervisi dan Koordinasi KPK
Mitra: POLRI, KPK, Kejaksaan,
Kegiatan 2: Program Pelatihan
Khusus
Mitra: POLRI, KPK, PPATK,
Kejaksaan, Mahkamah Agung,
Pengadilan Tipikor, BPK
Kegiatan 3: Penguatan
Strategi anti korupsi dan
implementasinya melalui
peningkatan keterlibatan dan
kordinasi pemangku
kepentingan
Mitra: POLRI, Kejaksaan
Agung, Mahkamah Agung,
KPK, PPATK, Bappenas,
Menpan
Kajian terhadap REDD
dan Pemerintahan
(2010)
Donor: Norwegia
Lama proyek: 6 bulan
Jumlah Dana: $
200,000
Mitra: Kementrian
Kehutanan,
Kementrian
Lingkungan Hidup,
KPK, POLRI,
Kejaksaan, PPATK,
Mahkamah Agung
UNODC Pusat regional Asia Tenggara dan Pasifik
Lembaga pelaksana:
Partnership
governance reform in
Indonesia
(Kemitraan), UNODC
Lembaga Pelaksana: UNODC,
National Police Improvement
Agency (UK), Charles Sturt
University (Australia), Partnership
governance reform in Indonesia
(Kemitraan), JCLEC
Lembaga Pelaksana: ICW, TII,
GTZ, Basel Institute on
Governance, UNODC
Lembaga Pelaksana:
CIFOR
Diversified and effective
integrated drug
treatment and HIV
prevention, treatment
and care services
Donor: Swedia
Lama proyek: 26 bulan
Jumlah Dana: $ 500,000
Mitra: KPA, BNN,
Kementrian Kesehatan,
Kementrian Sosial,
Advisory function,
working with BNN and
KPA (Aids Eradication
Commission)
Kantor Pusat UNODC Vienna
Dialog Kebijakan
(2010)
Donor: UNAID
Programme
Acceleration Fund
Lama proyek: 1 tahun
Jumlah Dana: $
25,500
Mitra: KPA, BNN,
Kementrian
Kesehatan,,
Kementrian Sosial,