presentation to follow unit 7 with santillana book

1. Unit 7
The EU primary
sector
3º ESO

2. 1- What is the primary sector like in the EU?
Agricultural production
contributes 2% to EU GDP.
Just about a 5% of the
active population is
employed in this sector.
However, the EU is one of
the main exporters of agro-
food products and at the
same time the largest
importer of food.

14. Exercises 1 and 2 on page 83.

15. 2- What is the primary sector like in Spain?
Up to the 1950’s Spain had a
agricultural-based economy.
From that moment economic
modernization, based on
industrialization, began, and
the primary sector started its
decline.

16. Importance
Although the primary sector provides
a low share of employment and GDP,
it continues to be very important:
● Spain has one of the strongest
primary sectors in the EU.
● Agricultural and fish products
provide raw materials for many
Spanish industries (agro-food
industries).
● Food represents 15% of the
value of Spanish exports.

17. 1986 - Entrance to the EEC
In 1986 Spain joined the EEC. From that moment the EU policies (CAP, CFP) had
affected our primary sector, which has been modernized.
Main changes:
● Farm size increase
● Use of technology
● Higher productivity
● Higher competitiveness
● New fruits and vegetables
● Modernization of fishing fleet
PROBLEMS:
● Loss of jobs
● Quotas on some products

18. Homework
Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 85.

19. 3- What is agriculture like in Spain?
Arable agriculture uses almost a 35% of the total territory (of which 80% dry
crops and 20% irrigated crops).
Agricultural products provide more than 60% of the final agricultural
production.
Spain’s principal trading partners are other EU countries. Most of what we
import come from the EU.

20. 4- What is the livestock sector like?
This sector is quite important in Spain.
In the past extensive livestock farming
linked to arable agriculture predominated.
Today, it is often independent from
agriculture, and intensive livestock farming
predominates.
Large investments, high mechanization,
and high output are the main
characteristics.

21. Homework
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 86.

22. 5- What is the fishing sector like?
Spain is a great power in the fishing sector worldwide (catch, fleet,
consumption).
Traditional and commercial fishing co-exist.
Our continental shelf is narrow so it is not enough for us, therefore we have to
make fishing agreements with other countries.
Our main catch came in 2007
from the following fishing
grounds:

24. Homework
Exercises 1 and 2 on page 87.

25. 6- New initiatives in rural areas
● Ecological agriculture and livestock breeding
● Aquaculture
● Rural tourism
● Agro-food industry
● Construction of second homes
● Energy production (solar and wind farms)
These activities can help to stop population decline in rural areas in Spain.

26. Ecological agriculture and livestock breeding
Aquaculture

27. Rural tourism

29. Construction of second homes

30. Energy production (solar and wind farms)

31. 7- What problems are there in this sector?
Weak points:
● Small and ageing population.
● High proportion of small and
medium sized farms.
● Low productivity of dry farming.
● Low productivity of extensive
livestock farming and dependence
on intensive livestock production.

32. Homework
Exercises 2 and 3 on page 89.

33. 8- Agricultural landscapes of Spain

34. Humid Spain (Atlantic landscape)
● Galicia and the Cantabrian coast.
● Oceanic climate favours grasslands
and natural pastures so extensive
livestock farming is common.
● Scattered communities
predominate.
● Bocage is the most common
(small, fenced plots).
● PROBLEMS: strong dependence on
the dairy industry and limitations
because of the EU quotas.

36. Humid alpine landscape
● High altitude areas.
● Scattered communities.
● Bocage.
● Use of terracing to cultivate on
slopes.
● Subsistence mixed cropping /
polyculture of subsistence.
● Forestry and livestock
predominate.
● Underpopulated areas.
● EU policies to improve life in these
areas.

38. Continentalized inland
● Inland Spain
● Concentrated communities
● Differences by regions:
o Ebro/Duero valleys: small
plots
o Southern and arid regions:
openfields and mainly dry
crops.
o Western area: great landed
estates combining forestry
and farming. (dehesas)

40. Warm mediterranean landscape
● Mediterranean coast, Balearic islands,
Guadalquivir basin and South Atlantic
coast.
● Concentrated communities.
● Dry crops (mediterranean trilogy) in
Guadalquivir Valley and mountainous
regions.
● Irrigated crops in coastal areas (market
gardening).
● Livestock farming: sheep and goats in
dry areas, and bullfight cattle in the
Guadalquivir basin.

42. Canary islands landscape
● Unique landscape due to
its warm and arid climate
and the volcanic nature.
● Arable farming in coastal
plains (plantation).
● Terracing methods inland
higher altitude)

44. Homework
Exercise 2 on page 90.